Water-Pollution Research and Its Application in Developing Countries

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
P Isaac ◽  
W Pescod
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Pollution Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Third World

Much research into the control of water pollution is of little practical application in developing countries, being too concerned with abstract science. Research to be applied in the Third World must not only lead to inexpensive solutions, that can be developed as finances allow, but must take account of the social, political, religious and financial factors in the poorer rural areas of the world. This paper draws the attention of research-workers in this field to the wider realities of developing countries, and emphasizes that success in the field, as opposed to success in the laboratory, will demand a multidisciplinary approach. Research must be prepared to take full account of non-technical and non-scientific factors.

scholarly journals MoFlus: An Open-Source Android Software for Fluorescence-Based Point of Care

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Panji Wisnu Wirawan ◽  
Adi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Dynamic Selection ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Color Data

High-sensitivity fluorescence-based tests are utilized to monitor various activities in life science research. These tests are specifically used as health monitoring tools to detect diseases. Fluorescence-based test facilities in rural areas and developing countries, however, remain limited. Point-of-care (POC) tests based on fluorescence detection have become a solution to the limitations of fluorescence-based tools in developing countries. POC software for smartphone cameras was generally developed for specific devices and tools, and it ability to select the desired region of interest (ROI) is limited. In this work, we developed Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy (MoFlus), an open-source Android software for camera-based POC. We mainly aimed to develop camera-based POC software that can be used for the dynamic selection of ROI; the number of samples; and the types of detection, color, data, and for communication with servers. MoFlus facilitated the use of touch screens and data given that it was developed on the basis of the SurfaceView library in Android and Javascript object notation applications. Moreover, the function and endurance of the app when used multiple times and with different numbers of images were tested.

Rural Development in Malaysia-Issues and Problems Conf ronting MADA, FELDA and RISDA1

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Alex Yui-Huen Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

AbstractAsia is predominantly a rural society. And yet, a quarter century ago, when the Asian countries emerged as politically independent nations from centuries of colonial rule, they adopted a development model2 which was indifferent if not inimical to rural development. Support for this model, which essentially permitted continuation of existing international economic relationships, came from two external sources-the developed countries of the West and the developed centrally planned countries.3 Recent years have also witnessed a heightened concern in the Third World countries over the problem of economic development. In most developing countries, past development efforts appear to have failed to bring about a real development breakthrough. Yet the recent spate of world economic crises, associated with global inflation-cum-recession, oil price increases, food shortages, instabilities in the world commodity markets, have hit many developing countries very hard, especially those in South Asia which have actually experienced a reduction in average per capita living standards over the past few years. In Malaysia, some even suggested that although money income has gone up, there are disquieting signs that the quality of life is deteriorating and that many people are finding it more and more difficult to satisfy their basic needs.4 Then the crisis of the world's agriculture and its peasant masses had led to the proposal of a number of development strategies in the rural areas (i.e. Redistribution of land; Abolition of rents and tenant arrangements; Landholding reform; Intensification of peasant agriculture; Family farms; Cooperatives; and Collective farms, etc.), all of which have been tried with more or less success in different parts of the world. Within this paper, we will specially look at the rural development efforts of Malaysia, especially some of the issues and problems encountered by some of it's rural development programmes.

scholarly journals Indicators of energy access in rural areas of Tanzania: an application of confirmatory factor analysis approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Michael Shadrack Mangula ◽  
Joseph A. Kuzilwa ◽  
Simon S. Msanjila ◽  
Isack A. Legonda
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Social Economic Development

Energy access plays a crucial role in enhancing the social-economic development among the household members in any nation. Notwithstanding the role of energy access in improving the livelihood of people, the problem of energy access has revealed to be more serious in rural areas of Tanzania. The increased in problem of energy access in rural areas of the developing countries is due to the absence of a unified set of indicators for measuring the energy access to rural households from developing countries including Tanzania. This study therefore, aimed at determining the indicators of energy access in rural areas of Tanzania.The study employed Cross- sectional type of the research design to collect data from 384 heads of household from the rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Moreover, the Quantitative Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component analysis and varimax method was employed to determine the indicators of energy access. The identified indicators using exploratory Factor Analysis was further confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The study findings revealed that, the indicators for measuring the provision of energy access to rural households in developing countries including Tanzania ranked based on its importance are: availability, affordability, durability, efficient, no production of smokes, easy to use and ability to keep cooking facilities clean.Based on these findings, the study concludes that, indicators of energy access are important in enhancing the social economic development and improvement of the livelihood of people in rural areas. In the light of this conclusion the study recommends to government energy experts and other practitioners of to use the identified indictors when measuring energy access to rural households in Tanzania in order to improve the livelihood and their standard of living.

Modern comprehensive information system for environmental quality monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Artem Honcharenko ◽  
◽  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Ihor Kupinskyi ◽  
Olena Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Third World ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Third World

The threat to ecological balance can turn into a global problem, and we observe its deviations, which arise as a result of complex relationships between natural and social environments. Direct and indirect human impact on Earth's ecosystems together and interdependently form the planet's ecosystem, resulting in changes in the social environment of a human. Today's global problems are increasingly shifting to the side of developing countries, where environmental pressure is increasing because along with "pre-industrial" pollution, a new one is emerging, related to the invasion of multinational corporations and "exports" of polluting industries to "third world" countries. Modern "industrial" pollution in developing countries is the result of the transfer of many polluting industries to the "third world", such as the construction of enterprises, chemical plants, chemicalization of agriculture. Due to this, the concentration of the population in the largest agglomerations is growing.

New Perspectives of Mobile Payment Platform for Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 308-324
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Carlos Nana Mbinkeu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
The Impact

Mobile phones have become substantially more popular and sophisticated as African consumers have become remarkably comfortable with their use. This chapter shows the impact of the growing adoption of mobile payments as a financial transaction medium for money transfer, retail payments, or micropayments in Africa. Adoption was slow due to the nature of the mobile technology supporting the concept. The author shows how these innovations will continue to improve the quality of life of Africans, especially those in rural areas. He presents M-Pesa as a mobile payment system, which has had great success in Kenya. The author identifies the fundamental principles of success; thus, this enables the author to create an ECOPAY platform, which is an innovative mobile payment platform for emerging markets. The platform provides different types of m-payment like as B2C, B2B, or P2P using the mobile phone or others devices. Each transaction is secure by using encrypted messages and encrypted connections between the devices and the ECOPAY servers. The solution is based on the social and technological environment in developing countries.

New Perspectives of Mobile Payment Platform for Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 2377-2393
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Carlos Nana Mbinkeu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
The Impact

Mobile phones have become substantially more popular and sophisticated as African consumers have become remarkably comfortable with their use. This chapter shows the impact of the growing adoption of mobile payments as a financial transaction medium for money transfer, retail payments, or micropayments in Africa. Adoption was slow due to the nature of the mobile technology supporting the concept. The author shows how these innovations will continue to improve the quality of life of Africans, especially those in rural areas. He presents M-Pesa as a mobile payment system, which has had great success in Kenya. The author identifies the fundamental principles of success; thus, this enables the author to create an ECOPAY platform, which is an innovative mobile payment platform for emerging markets. The platform provides different types of m-payment like as B2C, B2B, or P2P using the mobile phone or others devices. Each transaction is secure by using encrypted messages and encrypted connections between the devices and the ECOPAY servers. The solution is based on the social and technological environment in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Strategic Importance of Entrepreneurship as a mechanism for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Prince Adesanya Abel Segun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The focus of this paper is on the importance of entrepreneurship as a mechanism for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria considering the experiences of developed nations like the United States, Europe, India, and China. Entrepreneurship has been instrumental in economic growth, balanced regional development, and job creation in most dynamic economies, where technology is changing at a faster rate and the product lifetime cycle is shrinking. Research in entrepreneurship development indicates that there is a lack of a theoretical model to examine rural entrepreneurship development particularly in the developing countries. The methodology adopted in this paper is the narrative – textual case study (NTCS); it is a social science research method that relies on the information and data from several sources for problem-solving. It is undeniable fact that entrepreneurship development plays a vital role in economic development of any nation including the developing countries like Nigeria. However, despite this, most entrepreneurial policies and programs seems to favour the urban cities except recently when efforts are geared towards the rural areas. Thus, this paper examines the role of entrepreneurship in the development of the rural areas in the developing economy. The study reveals that the right business environment for entrepreneurship is lacking in Nigeria on account of bad and inadequate infrastructural facilities, political instability, terrorism, multiple taxes, all stand as barriers to entrepreneurship and economic growth. The paper concludes that government should focus on adequate security, improve infrastructural facilities and enabling environment that will lead to economic growth.

Brides, Bachelors and Brokers: The Marriage Market in Rural Anhui in an Era of Economic Reform

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Min ◽  
J. S. Eades
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Economy ◽  
The Impact

After a decade in which the social science research environment in China has improved dramatically, a detailed mass of information is now becoming available on the impact of the changing economy on the social structure of the rural areas. Generalizations based on secondary sources and interviews with migrants to Hong Kong have given way to detailed case studies based on longer-term fieldwork. Much of this has so far centred in Guandong Province, fanning out to Sichuan, Shandong and even as far north as Hebei and Liaoning. The picture which is emerging is one of quite considerable local variation. As Whyte and Harrell have recently suggested, the changes over large parts of the country remain unmapped, and what we need is more case studies to fill in the gaps (Whyte, 1992; Harrell, 1992).

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