A Decade of Change at West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 555-571
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Melas ◽  
Raymond R Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Solids Processing

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago's West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works consists of the West Side Treatment Works, an Imhoff facility placed in operation in 1930, and the Southwest Sewage Treatment Works, an activated sludge plant placed in operation in 1939. This paper focuses on the decade of “1970's” and examines changes in plant operating procedures along with plant additions and improvements that were implemented in order to meet stringent water quality and effluent standards. The effect of the energy crisis and the measures taken at the West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works to lessen its impact are reported. Over the study period, very costly and energy intensive solids processing operations were either curtailed or eliminated. New and innovative processes of sludge handling were developed and implemented. The net effect of these changes in solids processing coupled with modifications in the secondary wastewater treatment operations have resulted in a significant improvement in the effluent quality of the plant. In the early seventies, the effluent concentration for suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and ammonia-nitrogen were 30, 23, and 12 mg/l, respectively; the corresponding values for these parameters in 1981 averaged 6, 6, and 1.4 mg/l.

Innovative Stormwater Treatment Implementation at Parking Lot in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2718-2721
Author(s):  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Anthony N. Tafuri ◽  
Richard Field ◽  
Shaw L. Yu ◽  
Wen Bin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Parking Lot

Xikeng Reservoir is one of the major water supply reservoirs in Shenzhen. The water quality of Xikeng Reservoir has been poor, with much of the pollution coming from nonpoint sources. An innovative low impact development type of BMP called the BioBox was used at the Administration Building parking lot location, as a research site and demonstration project to show how small alterations to parking lot designs can dramatically decrease pollutant loads. Manual samples were collected during storm events and analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS); five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5); ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP). In summary, the ranges of removal rates of the BioBox are: TSS 70% - 90%; BOD5 20% - 50%, and ammonia and phosphorus 30% - 70%. The BioBox system effectively reduced the concentrations of pollutants in the parking lot runoff.

Low Cost Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant for Production of High Quality Effluent at Small Works

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chambers ◽  
J. Whitaker ◽  
A. F. Elvidge
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
The Uk

In the UK there are over 7000 small works which treat the sewage from populations of less than 10,000. Many of these works are at risk of non-compliance with effluent quality consents and options for improving the standard of treatment are being pursued by many utilities. WRc and Anglian Water Services have developed designs for packaged sewage treatment plants to serve populations in the range of 1000-10,000. A demonstration plant has been constructed at the Waterbeach STW of Anglian Water to serve a population of about 6,500. Target effluent quality is 15:20:5mg/l of BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen respectively on a 95 percentile basis. Following plant commissioning a process performance evaluation programme was commenced in February 1991. Nitrification was established after about 6 weeks of operation but suspended solids values have been affected by the presence of a stable foam on the surface of the aeration tank. Process modifications have reduced the effect of this phenomenon substantially and effluent quality has improved.

Comparative Study of Water Quality due to Retting of Crushed and Uncrushed Kenaf Stems

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 969-973
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Ghazali ◽  
Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin ◽  
Nabilah Huda Abdul Halim ◽  
Janmaizatulriah Mohd Jani ◽  
Sharifah Aminah Syed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Water Based

A comparative study on the quality of crushed and uncrushed kenaf retting water is presented in this paper. A number of parameters used in the assessment of water quality are examined in this study, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and suspended solids (SS). The results reveal that both crushed and uncrushed kenaf retting water samples do not fulfil the requirements stipulated in the effluent standards. In addition, the quality of crushed kenaf retting water is poorer compared to that for uncrushed kenaf retting water. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that the retting process adversely affects the physicochemical properties of water and therefore water treatment is necessary before the water is being discharged downstream into ponds, lakes and rivers.

Aeration and Water Hyacinths in Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
H. O. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Water Hyacinths

The investigation was based on two facultative stabilization ponds initially designed to operate in parallel, and now receive wastewater in excess of their capacities from a fast expanding housing estate in the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Because of the deterioration of the effluent quality relative to acceptable standards, an attempt was made to upgrade the ponds using water hyacinths at the early stages. However, from the results, it was clear that the introduction of water hyacinths in the test pond did not lead to any substantial improvement in the effluent because of the high loading on the pond. Therefore the ponds were modified to operate in series with surface aerators installed in the first pond. Initially, the effluent quality was monitored in terms of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform bacteria, pH and dissolved oxygen with aeration in the first pond and no aquatic plants in the second pond. Although there was a significant improvement in the effluent quality, the values remained above the standards. As a result, water hyacinths were introduced in the second pond and the effluent quality monitored together with aeration in the first pond. The effluent quality improved with total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand values both as low as 10 mg/l in certain months, but additional treatment was needed to reduce faecal conforms.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals Shewhart's control charts and process capability ratio applied to a sewage treatment station

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Orssatto ◽  
Marcio A. Vilas Boas ◽  
Ricardo Nagamine ◽  
Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Shewhart Control Charts ◽  
Shewhart Control

The current study used statistical methods of quality control to evaluate the performance of a sewage treatment station. The concerned station is located in Cascavel city, Paraná State. The evaluated parameters were hydrogenionic potential, settleable solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in five days. Statistical analysis was performed through Shewhart control charts and process capability ratio. According to Shewhart charts, only the BOD(5.20) variable was under statistical control. Through capability ratios, we observed that except for pH the sewage treatment station is not capable to produce effluents under characteristics that fulfill specifications or standard launching required by environmental legislation.

scholarly journals Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽  
Gugu Molokwe ◽  
Benedict Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were:  pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

Alternative Approaches for Upgrading Effluent Quality for Lagoon Based Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Brian Evans ◽  
Stephen Nutt ◽  
Tony Ho ◽  
Henryk Melcer
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Lagoon Systems

The province of Ontario is Canada's most populous province with over 8 million residents out of a total population of 27 million. The province has 512 sewage treatment plants of which 137 or 27% are lagoons. Improved environmental effluent quality standards since the introduction of the lagoons has resulted in many of these being unable to achieve proper effluent quality. Typical effluent quality requirements across the province require a minimum of secondary treatment, that is 15 mg/l of BOD and suspended solids and 1 mg/l of total phosphorus. The movement towards a clean environment has resulted in phosphorus levels as low as 0.3 mg/l TP and in an increasing number of cases, full nitrification year round. Because many of these lagoons serve small populations in the 100 - 3 000 population equivalents category, the cost of upgrading such lagoons to tertiary quality effluent is significant. Two approaches for upgrading conventional lagoon systems were evaluated. They are called the Sutton and New Hamburg processes after the towns in Ontario where they were first installed. The Sutton process consists of extended aeration plant, followed by polishing lagoons with waste sludge sent directly to the lagoons, while the New Hamburg process consists of conventional lagoons followed by intermittent sand filtration.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Real Wastewater from the Chocolate Manufacturing Industry through an Integrated Process of Electrocoagulation and Sand Filtration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. García-Morales ◽  
Julio César González Juárez ◽  
Sonia Martínez-Gallegos ◽  
Gabriela Roa-Morales ◽  
Ever Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Real Wastewater

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of removal of suspended solids in terms of turbidity, color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) when integrating the electrocoagulation process using aluminum sacrificial anodes and the sand filtration process as a pretreatment of wastewater from the chocolate manufacturing plant in Toluca, México. Wastewater from the chocolate manufacturing industry used in this study is classified as nontoxic, but is characterized as having a high content of color (5952 ± 76 Pt-Co), turbidity (1648 ± 49 FAU), and COD (3608 ± 250 mg/L). Therefore, enhanced performance could be achieved by combining pretreatment techniques to increase the efficiencies of the physical, chemical, and biological treatments. In the integrated process, there was a turbidity reduction of 96.1 ± 0.2% and an increase in dissolved oxygen from 3.8 ± 0.05 mg/L (inlet sand filtration) to 6.05 ± 0.03 mg/L (outlet sand filtration) after 120 min of treatment. These results indicate good water quality necessary for all forms of elemental life. Color and COD removals were 98.2 ± 0.2% and 39.02 ± 2.2%, respectively, during the electrocoagulation process (0.2915 mA/cm2 current density and 120 min of treatment). The proposed integrated process could be an attractive alternative of pretreatment of real wastewater to increase water quality of conventional treatments.

scholarly journals MBBR+two-stage AO in upgrading and rebuilding project Of a sewage treatment plant in north China

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06031
Author(s):  
Shen Dongmei ◽  
Yu Cairui ◽  
Gao Yulan ◽  
Song Xinwei ◽  
Chu Jingsong
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Filter Process

A sewage treatment plant is located in the middle of Inner Mongolia. There is a large amount of slaughtering wastewater in the influent with high COD, SS, low annual temperature, poor nitrogen removal effect, and the effluent quality is only grade B. In order to solve the above problems, A\A\O-MBBR + high efficiency sedimentation tank continuous sand filter process was adopted to establish a new anaerobic tank and a first stage AO-MBBR bioreactor. The selection tank and partial oxidation ditch were transformed into the second stage A pool (anoxic pool), and the remaining part of the existing oxidation ditch was transformed into the second stage O pond (aerobic pool), which further removed phosphorus and reduced the SS in the sewage, and solved the problem of low temperature biological treatment in winter in the north of China. The quality of the effluent reached level A after the upgrading.

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