The Contribution of Agricultural Loading to Eutrophication in Finnish Lakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Nineteen Seventies ◽  
Spring Maximum

Agriculture accounts for 9 per cent of the total surface area of Finland and generates the greatest single nutrient input to Finnish watercourses. Since agricultural activity is scattered throughout the whole country its effects in lakes are less pronounced than those of domestic and industrial effluents. On the other hand, point source phosphorus loading of lakes and rivers decreased significantly during the nineteen-seventies. Phosphorus is the nutrient which primarily limits production in most Finnish lakes. The availability of phosphorus in agricultural runoff waters is therefore a crucial question in the evaluation of the eutrophicating effects of agriculture. Our results indicated that in runoff waters available phosphorus can be 60-70 per cent of the total phosphorus. However, the concentrations of available P were so low that they could be achieved in Finnish lakes of low ionic concentration through simple chemical desorption without the assistance of the algal uptake. The utilization of the spring maximum of runoff phosphorus in lakes would thus not depend on the concurrence of the maxima of loading and algal growth.

scholarly journals Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crampton ◽  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Agricultural Contaminants

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

Relative Importance of Phosphorus Supply to Phytoplankton Production: Fish Excretion versus External Loading

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åge Brabrand ◽  
Bjørn Andreas Faafeng ◽  
Jens Petter Moritz Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Selenastrum Capricornutum ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

In laboratory tanks with bream (Abramis brama), perch (Perca fluviatilis), and roach (Rutilus rutilus) concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen increased with time. Phosphorus was mainly released as soluble molybdate-reactive phosphorus (SRP); nitrogen almost exclusively as ammonium. The release increased with the species' tendency to forage on littoral sediments and with a smaller fish size. Bioassays with the test algae Selenastrum capricornutum showed that released phosphorus was readily available to algal growth. The total supply of phosphorus to the epilimnion of Lake Gjersjøen was calculated from the external supply from the tributaries and the estimated phosphorus release from total roach biomass. From May to October 1980 phosphorus release from the roach population contributed about the same order of magnitude as the total phosphorus loading from the watershed. During the period with the most serious phosphorus depletion to the phytoplankton (July, August, and September), the phosphorus supply from fish was about double that of the external phosphorus supply, confirming the important role of sediment-feeding fish populations in the eutrophication processes of lakes.

Nano-Photocatalysts in the Treatment of Colored Wastewater - A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Divya ◽  
Ajay Bansal ◽  
Asim K. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water System ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
Colored Wastewater ◽  
Complex Organic

In the present scenario, the problem of water pollution is remarkable. The need to maintain clean water for both flora and fauna has become a major, even a critical concern. A large number of organic substances are introduced into the natural water system from various sources such as industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and chemical spills. Textiles industries specifically pollute the water sources due to the random use and discharge of various types of dyes. It may significantly affect photosynthetic activity in aquatic life and their presence in drinking water constitutes a potential human health hazard. It is therefore essential either to remove the dyes from water or to treat them in such a way so as to minimize their effects on the environment and also to decolorize the water. Various research works on different processes are reviewed and discussed in the present article. It has been observed that the advanced oxidation processes are used widely to degrade the organic compounds in water. Photocatalytic systems are effective for the degradation of many unwanted complex organic compounds through the use of efficient nanophotocatalysts activated under ultra-violet (UV) irradiation.

The importance of bacteria in promoting algal growth in eutrophic lakes with limited available phosphorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiying Zhao ◽  
Jingjing Du ◽  
Yong Jia ◽  
Yanna Lv ◽  
Guomin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Drivers of Dissolved Organic Material Production in Colorado Reservoirs and the Formation of Disinfection By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia L. Khan ◽  
Eric R. Sokol ◽  
Diane M. McKnight ◽  
James F. Saunders ◽  
Amanda K. Hohner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
The State ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chl A ◽  
High Concentrations

Previous studies have shown that algal-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a strong influence on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the treatment of drinking water. In the summer of 2010, we evaluated the role of nitrogen and phosphorus loading and phytoplankton abundance as drivers of the concentrations and quality of DOM and the associated DBP formation in 30 reservoirs in the mountains and plains of the State of Colorado. Optical properties such as Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize DOM quality. Nutrient concentrations such as total nitrogen were also assessed and were associated with high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). In turn, high total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were associated with high concentrations of Chl-a, and the DOM in these reservoirs had a fluorescence signature indicative of contributions from phytoplankton growth. The reservoirs with TOC concentrations above 4 mgC/L were predominantly located in the plains and many are impacted by agricultural runoff and wastewater discharges, rather than in the mountains and are characterized by warm water conditions and shallow depths. For a subset of fourteen reservoirs, we characterized the composition of the phytoplankton using a rapid imaging microscopy technique and observed a dominance by filamentous Cyanobacteria in reservoirs with TOC concentrations above 4 mgC/L. The combination of high TOC concentrations with microbial characteristics resulted in high potential for production of two major classes of regulated DBPs, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. While fluorescence spectroscopy was useful in confirming the contribution of phytoplankton growth to high TOC concentrations, evaluation of predictive models for DBP yields found that all equally predictive models included SUVA254 and some of these models also included fluorescence indices or logTOC. These findings provide a limnological context in support of the recent guidelines that have been implemented for protection of high-quality drinking water supplies in the State of Colorado.

Biologically Available Phosphorus: Estimation and Prediction Using an Anion-Exchange Resin

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble P

The suitability of ion-exchange resin extraction for assessing biologically available P (phosphorus) concentrations was evaluated in a wide range of water samples of different origins (natural waters, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and industrial effluents). A recycling system was specifically designed to enhance P adsorption by the resin by maintaining a steep P gradient. Resin extractable P compared favorably with total P, total soluble P, and soluble reactive P, as a predictor of bioassay available P (BAP). Biologically available P was generally greater than soluble reactive P and less than total soluble P. Over the diverse water samples tested, the best model for predicting BAP used resin extractable P and soluble reactive P.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Assessment in Water and Sediments at Jaikwadi Dam (Godavari River) Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish S Patil ◽  
Geetanjali Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Assessment ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The indiscriminate release of industrial effluents, domestic sewage, agricultural runoff have resulted in extensive contamination of water and soil with heavy metals thereby causing hazard to flora and fauna and the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need for biological monitoring studies to evaluate the toxic concentrations of various chemical compounds so that certain preventive measure can be taken to ensure the safety of the environment. Therefore, this study was focused at investigating few of the important heavy metals like zinc, chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead, in water along with sediments of the Jaikwadi dam. It has been found that the content of mercury was the highest in both water (15.24 - 18.21 μg/L) and sediments, it is followed by lead (14.31 - 18.38 μg/L), cadmium (1.95 - 2.29 μg/L), chromium (0.68 - 4.00 μg/L) and finally zinc (0.88 - 1.77 μg/L). High concentrations particularly of mercury and lead warrant studies for their remediation so that the concentration remains safe for the populace dependent on the water.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016, Page: 75-88

scholarly journals Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Ara ◽  
Waqar-Un Nisa ◽  
Muzammil Anjum ◽  
Luqman Riaz ◽  
Aansa Rukya Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Residual Concentration

Abstract Pakistan is an agro-economy country where the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticides is being used to improve the crop productivity, as a result, the risk of contamination of soil and sediment has been increased. HCH exhibits all the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POP), therefore; added to the list of ‘new POPs’ in 2009. This review report revealed that the major rivers of Pakistan such as Indus Basin, River Ravi, River Chenab and their tributaries all are contaminated with HCH and the highest residual concentration (4,090 ng/g) was detected in pesticide burial ground in Hyderabad city. Major sources of HCH contamination were identified as agricultural runoff, discharge of untreated industrial effluents and surface runoff. In order to manage HCH pollution, various ex-situ and in-situ remediation techniques along with their merits and demerits are thoroughly reviewed. Among these, microbial bioremediation is low cost, environment friendly, effective in-situ remediation technique for remediation of HCH. Overall, the information provided in this manuscript will provide a future reference to the scientific community and bridge the knowledge gap between HCH release in environment and their mitigation through proper treatment method.

scholarly journals Valuing Waste – A Multi-method Analysis of the Use of Household Refuse from Cooking and Sanitation for Soil Fertility Management in Tanzanian Smallholdings

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Ariane Krause
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThe starting point of this work is the intention of two farmers’ initiatives to disseminate locally developed and adapted cooking and sanitation technologies to smallholder households in Karagwe District, in northwest Tanzania. These technologies include improved cooking stoves (ICSs), such as microgasifiers, and a system combining biogas digesters and burners for cooking, as well as urine-diverting dry toilets, and thermal sterilisation/pasteurisation for ecological sanitation (EcoSan). Switching to the new alternatives could lead to a higher availability of domestic residues for soil fertility management. These residues include biogas slurry from anaerobic digestion, powdery biochar from microgasifiers and sanitised human excreta from EcoSan facilities. Such recycling-driven approaches address an existing problem for many smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the lack of soil amenders to sufficiently replenish soil nutrients and soil organic matter (SOM) in soils used for agricultural activity. This example from Tanzania systematically examines the nexus of ‘energy-sanitation-agriculture’ in smallholder farming systems. The short-term experiments demonstrated that all soil amenders that were analysed could significantly enhance crop productivity. CaSa-compost – the product of co-composting biochar with sanitised human excreta – quadrupled grain yields. The observed stimulation of crop yield and also plant nutrition is attributed to improved nutrient availability caused by a direct increase of soil pH and of plant-available phosphorus (P) in the soil. The assessment of the lasting soil implications revealed that CaSa-compost and biogas slurry both show the long-term potential to roughly double yields of maize. Corresponding nutrient requirements can be adequately compensated through residue capturing and subsistence production of soil amenders. The potential of CaSa-compost for sustainable soil fertility management is superior to that of standard compost, especially with respect to liming, replenishing soil P and restoring SOM. Biogas slurry, however, yields inferior results in all aspects when compared to compost amendments.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality in the river gomati at Jaunpur (U.P.), India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veer Pratap Singh ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Raghu Vanshi ◽  
Prashant Singh* ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Gomati River

The river Gomati is popularly known as "Aadi-Ganga". Gomati River is an important tributary of river Ganga and perennial river of Awadh plains. The river Gomati originates from Gomat Taal near Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district (U.P.), run across the major part of U.P. covering nine districts of Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpurkheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Lucknow, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Jaunpur and ultimately merges in Ganga river, near Saidpur Kaithi in Varanasi. The world is facing problems with a wide variety of pollutants both inorganic and organic in nature. Healthy soil, clean water and air are the soul of life. Often soil, water and air are no longer clean and pure, but pose human health risks. The river Gomati receives huge quantities of untreated sewage agricultural runoff, brings a lot of pesticides, fertilizer, street washouts bringing oil, asphalt, sediment and many types of heavy metals. From industrial effluents to domestic discharge, the river becomes more of a flowing dumping yard. The physico-chemical parameters in water of river Gomati were assessed to know about the water quality in its catchment area. Total of four sampling sites were selected between Gokul ghat upstream and Ramghat downstream. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid (TDS), Total suspended solid (TSS), Hardness, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Nitrate, Nitrite, Chloride, Total Coliforms and some heavy metals were determined. Changes in water quality of river Gomati due to variations in quantity of parameters were found. Heavy metals mainly Copper, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel were noticed.

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