Media Evaluation and Behavior of Clostridium Perfringens as an Adjunct Indicator of Quality in Shellfish Growing Areas

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Abeyta ◽  
M. M. Wekell ◽  
C. A. Kaysner ◽  
R. F. Stott ◽  
E. V. Raghubeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Fish Gut Contents ◽  
Baseline Levels

In numerous studies of estuaries of the West Coast of the United States, we have recovered C.perfringens, total and fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci from shellfish, sediments and water. In some areas closed to shellfish harvest and known to be subject to fecal contamination, C.perfrinqens were recovered regularly from shellfish and sediments. For example, in one estuary, prior to sampling, a local sewage treatment plant (STP) with a design capacity of 1 million gallons per day (MGD) was receiving high flows of raw sewage of 3.02 MGD. This resulted in an overflow or bypass of raw sewage into the estuary. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococci levels measured in impacted oysters showed an increase during the initial stages of the bypass and decreased to baseline levels by the 5th day of sampling. C.perfringens levels increased from 36 MPN/100 g and reached maximum levels in oysters (4600 MPN/100 g) on the 6th day when the sewage flow was returning to normal, but still over capacity (1.8 MGD) and sewage was being discharged into the bay. At this time, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci counts were near baseline levels (120 and 50 organisms/100 g respectively). Therefore, at the later stages of the sewage bypass, C.perfrinqens was a useful indicator of fecal contamination in oysters. The most recent and promising method for the enumeration of C.perfrinqens in all types of environmental samples is the Iron Milk Method (IMM). The method has been tested with water, marine and freshwater sediments, soil, fish gut contents and foods, and has been shown to enumerate C.perfrinqens without the need for confirmation. The IMM uses a 3 tube MPN procedure with each tube containing 10 ml of homogenized milk plus 0.2 g iron powder per tube. Inoculated tubes are incubated for 16-18 hrs at 45 °C. The presence of the classical stormy fermentation signifies a positive tube. Numbers of C.perfrinqens in samples are rapidly measured.

scholarly journals Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD. Vecchia ◽  
JD. Fleck ◽  
M. Kluge ◽  
J. Comerlato ◽  
B. Bergamaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Treated Effluent

In order to verify the microbial quality of the influents and effluents of one STP from southern Brazil, an eight-month survey was conducted to examine the presence of total and fecal coliforms and of adenovirus (HAdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV), in treated effluent samples from São João/Navegantes STP, Porto Alegre (Brazil). A total of 16 samples were collected, eight of influent (raw sewage, prior to treatment), and the other eight of the effluent (post-treatment sewage). Total and fecal coliform levels ranging from 3.6 × 10(4) to 4.4 × 10(7) MPN/100 mL and 2.9 × 10³ to 1.7 × 10(7) MPN/100 mL, were detected in all samples. In raw sewage, HAdV (25%) and GARV (28.6%) viral genomes were detected. The analysis of effluent samples revealed the presence of HAdV (50%), EV (37.5%), and TTV (12.5%) genomic fragments. All samples, regardless of the month analysed, presented detection of a least one virus genus, except for in April. Higher virus detection rates were observed in treated sewage samples (62.5%), and in 80% of them (effluent positive samples) HAdV was detected. Results showed that improvements in sewage monitoring and treatment processes are necessary to reduce the viral and bacterial load on the environment in southern Brazil. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study showing the monitoring of viral genomes in influent and effluent samples from a STP located in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), southern Brazil.

The Upper James Estuary – A Study in Water Quality Management

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
K. C. Das
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The James River has its head waters in the Allegheny Mountains and flows generally southeasterly to Hampton Roads, Chesapeake Bay and thence to the Atlantic Ocean. Below Richmond, Virginia, the river is tidal with the channel meandering through the coastal plains. Below Hopewell it widens to a broad estuary, with a deep navigable channel bordered by tide marshes. The upper estuary, between Richmond and Hopewell, is heavily used for water supply, recreation, and industrial development. The water entering the estuary a few miles upstream of Richmond is of good quality. However, as one reaches Richmond, the quality of the water deteriorates. There are eleven major discharging municipalities and industries within a stretch of twenty two river miles between Richmond and Hopewell. The major factors contributing to water quality problems below the City of Richmond stem from the intermittent discharge from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) coupled with the continuous discharge from the City's sewage treatment plant. The CSOs contribute a large quantity of soluble BOD, suspended solids, settleable solids, and fecal coliforms to the estuary. The City's sewage treatment plant continuously discharges large quantities of ammonia-nitrogen and phosphorus, in addition to BOD and suspended solids. Rational Management and use of the waters of the upper James estuary appear to be critical. The objectives of this paper, therefore, are the discussion of the present water quality and the wastewater discharge reductions required in order to meet certain water quality and water use objectives.

Distribution of Vibrio cholerae in the Apalachicola (Florida) Bay Estuary

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DePAOLA ◽  
M. W. PRESNELL ◽  
R. E. BECKER ◽  
M. L. MOTES ◽  
S. R. ZYWNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Shellfish Sanitation ◽  
The City

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was found throughout the Apalachicola, FL, estuary. V. cholerae O1 was isolated primarily at the City of Apalachicola sewage treatment plant, Scipio Creek and the north shore of St. George Island. Highest concentrations of both serogroups occurred in August and November. Concentrations were lowest in February and increased substantially in May. A cholera toxin-like toxin was not detected in any of the V. cholerae cultures by the Y-1 mouse adrenal cell assay or the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, 35% of the V. cholerae O1 and 22% of the V. cholerae non-O1 cultures selected for testing caused diarrhea in infant rabbits. The proportion of V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 isolates pathogenic to infant rabbits increased as water temperature decreased. Fecal coliforms appeared to be more useful than total coliforms as indicators of the numbers of V. cholerae in water, but neither of those National Shellfish Sanitation Program indicator groups ensured against the presence of pathogenic V. cholerae in shellfish-growing areas.

scholarly journals Behavior of Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Coliforms in the Stream of a Sewage Treatment Plant in Tokyo

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 318-330
Author(s):  
Naoto Urano ◽  
Masahiko Okai ◽  
Yusuke Tashiro ◽  
Azusa Takeuchi ◽  
Rintaro Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Microbial Indices

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operationThis paper reports the results of studies of microbiological changes in the water quality of the Vistula and Brda rivers after the opening of sewage treatment plants in Bydgoszcz. The study involved determining the microbiological parameters of water quality. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the quality of the water in both rivers had improved decidedly after the opening of the plants, although an increased number of individual groups of microorganisms was found at the treated sewage outlet from one of the plants.

Properties of Nocardiaform Actinomycetes Isolated from a Sewage Treatment Plant of Southern Part of Miyagi.

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
KENITSU KONNO ◽  
NAOKI ABE ◽  
YOSHIRO SATO ◽  
KOJI AKAMATSU ◽  
MAKOTO ABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant
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