The Introduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Technologies for Decreasing Pollution of the Elbe River in Czechoslovakia

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Jirí Wanner ◽  
Miroslav Kos
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
The Elbe River

A short state-of-the-art-review in nutrient removal technologies is given and problems connected with nutrient removal in the activated sludge process enumerated. The present level of BOD and nutrient load to the Elbe in the Czech Basin and possible means of improvement are discussed. Seven municipal wastewater treatment plants, planned to be built in 1990-2000, are briefly described. The total capacity of these plants represents about 280000 kg BOD5/d and 29000 kg TKN/d.

Performance of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in four large WWTPs in Germany

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel ◽  
F. Obenaus ◽  
M. Wichern
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

In this paper the design data, flow sheets, operating results and running experiences of four municipal wastewater treatment plants are presented. The size of these plants varies between 95,000 and 830,000 people equivalents. Different activated sludge systems running with cascades and simultaneous nitrification/denitrification are practised in these plants. The data of these different plants are compared.

Expenditure on the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Removal

Operating costs of Austrian municipal treatment plants are evaluated for 1989/90 and for 1997, respectively. The results indicate that presently the expenses which can be directly connected to wastewater purification, i.e. energy and chemicals for P removal, comprise only about 20% of the total operating costs. Today, in Austria like in other EU countries, the predominating factor is “labour costs”, even at nutrient removal plants. A general scheme for estimating operating costs is presented that can be applied to WWTPs in other parts of the world. In this scheme the important factors relevant to the operating costs are integrated.

Benchmarks for the energy demand of nutrient removal plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The energy demand of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal equipped with primary clarifiers, activated sludge system, anaerobic sludge digestion, and CHP is evaluated theoretically, on the basis of COD balances. Operational experience from energy-efficient Austrian treatment plants confirms that the demand on external electrical energy can be kept as low as 5 to 10 kWh/(pe.a) depending on the N:COD ratio in the raw wastewater. A low N:COD ratio helps to keep not only the effluent nitrogen load low, but also the energy demand. Measures to minimise the energy demand at treatment plants and to reduce the nitrogen load are discussed.

Efficiency of SBR technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steinmetz ◽  
J. Wiese ◽  
T.G. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Four wastewater treatment plants running with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology have been evaluated in view of their effluent quality, treatment efficiency and energy demand. The plants are designed for approximately 5,000, 8,000, 15,000 and 25,000 population equivalents (p.e.). Although two of the plants were overloaded during the investigation time the effluent concentrations of nitrogen, especially ammonia, and phosphorus were low. The results show, that SBR plants which are designed according to German standards have additional capacities for degradation of organic matter and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore SBR plants with combined sewer systems are able to treat combined sewage very well. Thus SBR technology proves to be a good alternative for municipal sewage plants and can help to save investment costs.

Removal of micropollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants by powder-activated carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2115-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boehler ◽  
B. Zwickenpflug ◽  
J. Hollender ◽  
T. Ternes ◽  
A. Joss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Micropollutants (MP) are only partly removed from municipal wastewater by nutrient removal plants and are seen increasingly as a threat to aquatic ecosystems and to the safety of drinking water resources. The addition of powder activated carbon (PAC) is a promising technology to complement municipal nutrient removal plants in order to achieve a significant reduction of MPs and ecotoxicity in receiving waters. This paper presents the salient outcomes of pilot- and full-scale applications of PAC addition in different flow schemes for micropollutant removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The sorption efficiency of PAC is reduced with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Adequate treatment of secondary effluent with 5–10 g DOC m−3 requires 10–20 g PAC m−3 of effluent. Counter-current use of PAC by recycling waste PAC from post-treatment in a contact tank with an additional clarifier to the biology tank improved the overall MP removal by 10 to 50% compared with effluent PAC application alone. A dosage of 15 g PAC m−3 to a full-scale flocculation sand filtration system and recycling the backwash water to the biology tank showed similar MP elimination. Due to an adequate mixing regime and the addition of adapted flocculants, a good retention of the fine fraction of the PAC in the deep-bed filter were observed (1–3 g TSS m−3; TSS: total suspended solids). With double use of PAC, only half of the PAC was required to reach MP removal efficiencies similar to the direct single dosage of PAC to the biology tank. Overall, the application of PAC in WWTPs seems to be an adequate and feasible technology for efficient MP elimination (>80%) from wastewater comparable with post ozonation.

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