Benchmarks for the energy demand of nutrient removal plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The energy demand of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal equipped with primary clarifiers, activated sludge system, anaerobic sludge digestion, and CHP is evaluated theoretically, on the basis of COD balances. Operational experience from energy-efficient Austrian treatment plants confirms that the demand on external electrical energy can be kept as low as 5 to 10 kWh/(pe.a) depending on the N:COD ratio in the raw wastewater. A low N:COD ratio helps to keep not only the effluent nitrogen load low, but also the energy demand. Measures to minimise the energy demand at treatment plants and to reduce the nitrogen load are discussed.

Expenditure on the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Removal

Operating costs of Austrian municipal treatment plants are evaluated for 1989/90 and for 1997, respectively. The results indicate that presently the expenses which can be directly connected to wastewater purification, i.e. energy and chemicals for P removal, comprise only about 20% of the total operating costs. Today, in Austria like in other EU countries, the predominating factor is “labour costs”, even at nutrient removal plants. A general scheme for estimating operating costs is presented that can be applied to WWTPs in other parts of the world. In this scheme the important factors relevant to the operating costs are integrated.

Efficiency of SBR technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steinmetz ◽  
J. Wiese ◽  
T.G. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Four wastewater treatment plants running with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology have been evaluated in view of their effluent quality, treatment efficiency and energy demand. The plants are designed for approximately 5,000, 8,000, 15,000 and 25,000 population equivalents (p.e.). Although two of the plants were overloaded during the investigation time the effluent concentrations of nitrogen, especially ammonia, and phosphorus were low. The results show, that SBR plants which are designed according to German standards have additional capacities for degradation of organic matter and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore SBR plants with combined sewer systems are able to treat combined sewage very well. Thus SBR technology proves to be a good alternative for municipal sewage plants and can help to save investment costs.

Benchmarking of BAF plants: operational experience on 40 full-scale installations in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Balances

For some years, bio-filtration has been used in municipal wastewater treatment as a relatively new method. Within a German DWA research project, the method of benchmarking was used to compile and scientifically evaluate performance data and operation experiences with this technology on municipal wastewater treatment plants in Germany. This report presents selected partial results from the project. Generally, it becomes apparent that bio-filters as supplementary technology allow for additional improvements in regard to the COD and nitrogen effluent values. Bio-filtration is a compact method which combines biological purification processes with the filtration process. Apart from sound results in regard to the operation costs, operational problems (MSR technology, filter material losses) are described. In terms of energy balances, dimensions of the biological main stages can be compared to other biological purification methods. In regard to the sludge production, further research is necessary.

The Introduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Technologies for Decreasing Pollution of the Elbe River in Czechoslovakia

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Jirí Wanner ◽  
Miroslav Kos
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
The Elbe River

A short state-of-the-art-review in nutrient removal technologies is given and problems connected with nutrient removal in the activated sludge process enumerated. The present level of BOD and nutrient load to the Elbe in the Czech Basin and possible means of improvement are discussed. Seven municipal wastewater treatment plants, planned to be built in 1990-2000, are briefly described. The total capacity of these plants represents about 280000 kg BOD5/d and 29000 kg TKN/d.

scholarly journals Operating costs and energy demand of wastewater treatment plants in Austria: benchmarking results of the last 10 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haslinger ◽  
S. Lindtner ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The Cost

This work presents operating costs and energy consumption of Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (≥10,000 PE-design capacity) that have been classified into different size groups. Different processes as well as cost elements are investigated and processes with high relevance regarding operating costs and energy consumption are identified. Furthermore, the work shows the cost-relevance of six investigated cost elements. The analysis demonstrates the size-dependency of operating costs and energy consumption. For the examination of the energy consumption the investigated WWTPs were further classified into WWTPs with aerobic sludge stabilisation and WWTPs with mesophilic sludge digestion. The work proves that energy consumption depends mainly on the type of sludge stabilisation. The results of the investigation can help to determine reduction potential in operating costs and energy consumption of WWTPs and form a basis for more detailed analysis which helps to identify cost and energy saving potential.

scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Production: A Feasible Economic Option for the Treatment of Sewage Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Crutchik ◽  
Oscar Franchi ◽  
Luis Caminos ◽  
David Jeison ◽  
Marisol Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sludge is a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and its management contributes significantly to the operating costs. Large WWTPs usually have anaerobic sludge digesters to valorize sludge as methane and to reduce its mass. However, the low methane market price opens the possibility for generating other high value-added products from the organic matter in sludge, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, the economic feasibility of retrofitting two types of WWTPs to convert them into biofactories of crude PHAs was studied. Two cases were analyzed: (a) a large WWTP with anaerobic sludge digestion; and (b) a small WWTP where sludge is only dewatered. In a two-stage PHA-production system (biomass enrichment plus PHAs accumulation), the minimum PHAs cost would be 1.26 and 2.26 US$/kg PHA-crude for the large and small WWTPs, respectively. In a single-stage process, where a fraction of the secondary sludge (25%) is directly used to accumulate PHAs, the production costs would decrease by around 15.9% (small WWTPs) and 19.0% (large WWTPs), since capital costs associated with bioreactors decrease. Sensitivity analysis showed that the PHA/COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yield is the most crucial parameter affecting the production costs. The energy, methane, and sludge management prices also have an essential effect on the production costs, and their effect depends on the WWTP’s size.

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