Urban Wastewater Disposal and Eutrophication Risk Assessment in the Coastal Zone

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Guillaud ◽  
A. Aminot ◽  
A. Menesguen

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the possible relationship between urban wastewater disposal and eutrophication in the coastal zone. Firstly, nutrient loadings are studied in raw and treated sewages coming from physical-chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants. Secondly biological responses of coastal ecosystems to overenrichment are considered in term of macroalgal or phytoplanktonic proliferations. Finally it can be deduced that to assess the risk of eutrophication due to urban wastewater disposal, it is necessary a) to evaluate the form and the respective importance of urban and riverine nutrient loadings into the site, b) to determine the physical sensitivity of the disposal area by evaluating the morphological or hydrodynamical entrapment of water masses, c) to point out possible nitrogen or phosphorus limitation for primary production in a potentially eutrophicated site. All these evaluations may help optimizing a reduction strategy of nutrient coastal discharge by urban wastewater, and finding the limiting nutrient that must be controlled in the sewage treatment plant.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.


1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Bennie ◽  
C.A. Sullivan ◽  
H.-B. Lee ◽  
R.J. Maguire

Abstract Nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their refractory metabolites, including nonylphenol, are on the second Priority Substances List (PSL2) to determine if they are "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. This study addresses the need for data on their occurrence in raw sewage, final effluents and sludge in Canada. Samples of raw sewage, final effluent and sludge were collected from 16 wastewater treatment plants across Canada in 1995 and 1996. These samples were analyzed for 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) and 4-4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). Measurable quantities of these chemicals were found in almost all raw sewage and sludge samples. In the raw sewage, concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 21 μg/L for 4-t-OP, from 0.69 to 155 μg/L for 4-NP, from 2.9 to 43 μg/L for NP1EO and from 0.26 to 24 μg/L for NP2EO. Sludge concentrations (based on dry weight) ranged from <0.010 to 20 μg/g, from 8.4 to 850 μg/g, from 3.9 to 437 μg/g and from 1.5 to 297 μg/g for 4-t-OP, 4-NP, NP1EO and NP2EO, respectively. Of the final effluent samples, 60% contained detectable amounts of 4-t-OP and concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 0.37 μg/L. Almost all of the final effluent samples had detectable levels of 4-NP, NP1EO and NP2EO. The 4-NP concentrations varied from <0.020 to 13 μg/L, NP1EO was found in the range of 0.072 to 26 μg/L and NP2EO was found in the range of 0.099 to 21 μg/L.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec

AbstractThe reliability of removal of selected contaminants in three technological solutions of the household sewage treatment plants was analysed in this paper. The reliability of the sewage treatment plant with activated sludge, sprinkled biological deposit and hybrid reactor (activated sludge and immersed trickling filter) was analyzed. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, COD and total suspended solids. The technological reliability of the active sludge treatment plant was 70% for BOD5, 87% for COD and 66% for total suspended solids. In the sewage treatment plant with a biological deposit, the reliability values determined were: 30% (BOD5), 60% (COD) and 67% (total suspended solids). In a treatment plant with a hybrid reactor, 30% of the BOD5and COD limit values were exceeded, while 30% of the total suspended solids were exceeded. The reliability levels are significantly lower than the acceptable levels proposed in the literature, which means that the wastewater discharged from the analysed wastewater treatment plants often exceeds the limit values of indicators specified in currently valid in Poland Regulation of the Minister of Environment for object to 2000 population equivalent.


1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. Teichgräber

The Emschergenossenschaft plans to improve the Emscher drainage system by separating sewage and clean water. 6 or 7 subcatchment areas will be created and served by separate wastewater treatment plants. The Bottrop WWTP has been planned for 1.3 million population equivalents. It is scheduled to start operation in 1995 and its costs are estimated as totalling 820 million DM in total. Biological treatment will be effected by a low-loaded, single-stage activated sludge system with cascade denitrification and modified UCT process.


1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
M. Ettala ◽  
E. Rossi

Seven operational mishaps were specified on the basis of a questionnaire on wastewater treatment plants, some of them large. In this study a process was developed for screening the chemical spill risks to municipal biological sewage treatment plant. Data on wastewater treatment processes, potential spill sources and chemical properties were combined to determine the threshold chemical quantities which may inhibit the removal of carbonaceous material, prevent nitrification and methanogenesis, cause sludge contamination or lead to the aeration capacity being exceeded. Two sewage treatment plants and eleven industrial sites were chosen for field studies. The influence of spill duration and maintenance activities on threshold quantities are discussed. A field survey lasting 1-2 hours at each site was long enough for the most relevant data to be obtained when the screening method developed was applied. Several chemical spill risks to the plants studied were specified. In addition, cases were identified in which failure of the pretreatment facilities for industrial wastewaters could cause severe mishaps at a biological wastewater treatment plant.


2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marani ◽  
V. Renzi ◽  
R. Ramadori ◽  
C.M. Braguglia

The objective of this work was to determine the partitioning of the pollutant load in urban wastewater in order to improve the conventional sewage treatment. In addition to settling tests, physical fractionation of COD in the degritted influent of Roma-Nord sewage treatment plant was performed via sequential filtration through sieves and membrane filters of the following pore size: 150-100-50-25-1-0.2 μm, and 100 kD (about 0.02 μm). Biodegradability studies were also performed on the different size fractions. Size fractionation showed that COD in Roma-Nord sewage is predominantly associated with settleable and supracolloidal (> 1 μm) particles, each size range including about 40% of total COD. Biodegradability tests indicated that the large fraction of COD associated with supracolloidal particles, which are not removed in the primary treatment, is characterised by slow degradability. This suggests that removal of these particles prior to biological treatment may greatly improve the overall treatment scheme. Preliminary pilot plant coagulation tests with lime at pH 9 showed that lime-enhanced primary treatment may increase COD removal efficiencies from typical 30-35% up to 65-70%, by inducing almost complete removal of the COD fraction associated with supracolloidal particles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Tareq Ahmed Ismaeel

The contamination in Tigress and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq has reached a high level for several reasons; one of these reasons is the discharged of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in the rivers, as well as other wastewater treatment plants. But the major problem is to taker discharge of wastewater to the river directly with no treatment! Many tankers in different places in all governorates in Iraq are utilized because of the absence of sewers which collecting the domestic discharge. Wastewater discharge in the rivers increases the pollution levels and especially when the river level decreases during summer seasons. In the last few years, the pollution was dramatically exacerbated. In this paper, an optimum Design for Decentralized Sewage Treatment Plant will be presented. Discharge of sewage tanks in the Tigris River has a severe negative impact on the environment; causing a deficiency in the dissolved oxygen in the water and increasing the limits of toxicity due to the accumulation of organic and inorganic substances. Pollution has become a serious issue that directly affects the aquatic life, agriculture, and people. The design unit has good specifications for effluent water discharge. TSS (Total Suspended Solid) decreased to less than 10 ppm, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) to less than 10 ppm, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) to less than 50 ppm. The designed unit showed a good and easy operation and maintenance with less chemicals used.


Entecho ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Ivan Karpíšek ◽  
Jitka Zachová ◽  
Dana Vejmelková ◽  
Vladimír Sýkora

Aktivovaný kal na čistírnách odpadních vod je neustále vystavován nízkým koncentracím antimikrobiálních látek a dalších léčiv. To vyvolává otázku, jak mikroorganismy k těmto látkám na čistírně odpadních vod přistupují. Zda jsou schopny se v tomto prostředí na tyto látky adaptovat, degradovat je, případně je využít jako substrát. Nebo jestli jsou tyto látky aktivovaným kalem opomíjeny. Pro posouzení adaptace aktivovaného kalu byla využita metoda PCR pro sledování genů resistence a testy biologické rozložitelnosti. Pro testy byl využit aktivovaný kal z ČOV a kal adaptovaný v laboratorních SBR modelech při koncentracích antibiotik 500 ng∙l−1 a 500 μg∙l−1. Biologická rozložitelnost byla posuzována dle normy ČSN ISO 14593. Testované látky byly sledovány pomocí skupinového stanovení celkového anorganického uhlíku. Jako testované látky byly vybrány: benzylpenicilin, ampicilin, streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramfenikol, sulfamethoxazol a trimetoprim. Aktivovaný kal z čistírny odpadních vod neměl vyvinutou aktivitu k biodegradaci testovaných antibiotik. Je pravděpodobné, že vysoké zatížení snadno biologicky rozložitelným substrátem a krátké zdržení odpadní vody na ČOV, vede k tomu, že mikroorganismy aktivovaného kalu nejsou nuceny tyto látky aktivně utilizovat a brání se jim pouze tvorbou obranných mechanismů pomocí genů antibiotické resistence. Nízké koncentrace antibiotik v SBR modelech vytvářely selekční tlak na mikroorganismy a podněcovaly šíření genů antibiotické resistence. English Activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants is constantly exposed to low concentrations of antimicrobials and other drugs. This raises the question of how microorganisms approach to these substances in the sewage treatment plant. Whether they can adapt, degrade, or use antibiotics as a substrate in this environment or the activated sludge neglects these substances. To assess the adaptation of activated sludge, the PCR method for monitoring antibiotic resistance genes and biodegradability tests were used. These tests were carried out with activated sludge from WWTP and sludge adapted in laboratory SBR models at 500 ng∙l−1 and 500 μg∙l−1 of chosen antibiotics. Their biodegradability was assessed according to ČSN ISO 14593. The tested substances were monitored by group determination of total inorganic carbon. The chosen substances were: benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Activated sludge had no developed activity for biodegradation of tested antibiotics. It is likely that the high load of readily biodegradable substrate and the short retention of the wastewater at the WWTP lead to the activated sludge not being forced to actively utilize these substances and will only prevent from them by forming defence mechanisms using antibiotic resistance genes. Low concentrations of antibiotics in SBR models produced selective pressure on microorganisms and stimulated the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.


Author(s):  
Mohd Abul Hasan

Abstract The treatment of wastewater is an essential factor in preventing pollutants and promoting the quality of the water. The inherent complexity, influential impact and the solid waste infrastructure lead to confusion and variance in the primary clarifier for wastewater. These inconsistencies lead to variations in the purity and capacity constraints of wastewater and the existential impact of water receipt. The water treatment is a complicated task that has means of chemical, technical & biochemical influences. A credible ANN method is necessary for another waste water treatment plant to prevent the breakdown of the processes. Virtual reality seems to have become a strong solution for preventing waste management uncertainties and problems. This is not only due to high deformations but also to significant external disturbances that water systems are controlling challenges. Climate is among the most significant of such disturbances. Various environmental conditions actually include different influx frequencies and levels of substances. Water contamination has become one of the extremely serious growing conservation; sewage treatment plant identification is a key major issue here and the agencies enforce tighter requirements for the operating of wastewater software systems. This article plans to create models of achievement and prospects for the possible future guidance of recent research borders for the use of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment plants which concurrently deal with pollutants. This study has shown us that the composite ANN provides a greater level of competence in plant prediction and systemization. Highlight Systematize of Wastewater Utilization Plants, Artificial Neural Networks, artificial intelligence, Prediction Analysis, Reliability.


2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Paulina Brzeska-Roszczyk ◽  
Lidia Kruk-Dowgiałło

The coastal zone of the Puck Bay (near Mechelinki cottage), located in the area protected within Natura 2000 network (Puck Bay and Hel Peninsula PLH 220032), is subjected to the influence of two media – wastewaters discharged through a collector of the sewage treatment plant in Dębogórze and brine effluent discharged by means of a pipeline as a result of construction of the underground gas storage – UGS Kosakowo. The results of the monitoring studies in 2009, 2012 and 2015 have shown that after 40 years, macrophytes were again noted in the area (in 2012 and 2015). They occur in small amounts, but slightly increase their bottom coverage. It indicates the improvement of the environment state in the area being under pressure of two media, and also points indirectly, that environmentally friendly technical solutions were applied for discharge of the effluents.


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