Sequential Batch Anaerobic Composting of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Yard Waste

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. O'Keefe ◽  
D. P. Chynoweth ◽  
A. W. Barkdoll ◽  
R. A. Nordstedt ◽  
J. M. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Holding

Sequential batch anaerobic composting (SEBAC™) was used to treat two fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW), the organic fraction of the MSW (processed MSW) and yard waste. Processed MSW gave a mean methane yield of 0.19 m3 kg−1 volatile solids (VS) (range = 0.18−0.22) after 42 days. The mean VS reduction was 49.7% (range = 46.6−52.4) for this same period. Yard waste gave a mean methane yield of 0.07 m3 kg−1 VS (range 0.05 − 0.09). Methane content of the biogas stabilized at a mean of 48% (SD = 11) from three to four days after startup. The mean VS reduction for yard waste was 19% (range = 13−24]. With processed MSW the volatile acid concentration was over 3000 mg L −1 during startup but these acids were reduced within a few days to negligible levels. The trend was similar with yard waste except that volatile acids reached maximum concentrations of less than 1000 mg L−1. Composts from the reactors were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and pollution potential. Processed MSW and yard waste residues had marginal fertilizer value but posed no potential for groundwater pollution. Yard waste residue caused no apparent inhibition to mustard (Brassicajuncea) germination relative to a commercial growth medium. Anaerobic yard waste compost demonstrated the potential to improve the water holding capacity of Florida soils.

The feasibility of putrescible components of municipal solid waste for biomethane production at Hyderabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korai M Safar ◽  
Mahar R Bux ◽  
Uqaili M Aslam ◽  
Bhattacharjee A Shankar ◽  
Ramesh K Goel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Buffalo Dung ◽  
Best Fit

This study analyzes the feasibility of putrescible components of municipal solid waste (PCMSW) such as food waste (FW) and yard waste (YW) for methane production in Pakistan. The batch experiments have been conducted at two different inoculums to substrate ratios (ISRs) by using various inoculums under mesophilic condition. The highest methane yield of FW and YW is achieved to be 428 Nml g-1 volatile solids (VS) added and 304 Nml g-1 VS added respectively by using buffalo dung inoculum at ISR-5. While, lowest methane yield of FW and YW is obtained as 236 Nml g-1 VS added and 151Nml g-1 VS added respectively by using effluent from a continuous stirrer tank reactor as inoculum at ISR-3. The first order decay model has been introduced, which gives best fit for methane potential of PCMSW with buffalo dung inoculum. Additionally, the feasibility of PCMSW in terms of power generation potential has been analyzed. About 60.63 million m3/year energy can be generated by converting PCMSW into methane gas leading to power generation. The finding of this study concludes that the replacement of imported energy and reduction up to 1.62% in other primary energy sources would be achieved, if PCMSW are properly converted into energy through anaerobic digestion in Pakistan.

Solid-Phase Methane Fermentation of Solid Wastes

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Process Operation

This paper presents the development of a novel solid-phase methane fermentation process involving acidic bioleachate production from an organic bed and biomethanation of the bed-liquefaction products in an external methane digester. Process operation with municipal solid waste showed that about 81 percent of the biodegradable volatile solids (VS) could be stabilized during three months of batch operation to afford a methane yield of 0.21 std m3 / kg VS added under ambient (∼25°C) conditions; this compares favorably with an ultimate mesophilic (35°C) methane yield of 0.26 std m3 / kg VS added.

DecoMSW: A Methodology to Assess Decomposition of Municipal Solid Waste for Initiation of Landfill Mining Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-481
Author(s):  
Arif Mohammad ◽  
Venkata Siva Naga Sai Goli ◽  
Agnes Anto Chembukavu ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Bioreactor Landfill ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Landfill Mining ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Volatile Solids

Biochemical decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills leads to the generation of leachate, gases and humus substances. In this context, a methodology to assess D ecomposition of MSW, designated as DecoMSW, has been developed; based on a series of tests conducted on samples of the fresh MSW and those retrieved from the active bioreactor landfill (BLF) cells of age from 13 to 48 months. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variation in the (i) physical (composition) and (ii) chemical (pH, volatile solids, total organic carbon, elemental analysis, ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen, biomethanation potential, lignocellulosic content) characteristics of the MSW samples exhumed from the landfill have been established. Finally, these characteristics were correlated vis-à-vis the respective values of the fresh MSW. From this exercise, it has been observed that except for nitrate-nitrogen, all other chemical parameters of MSW decrease exponentially with time until 20 months, and beyond that, they remain constant, which is an indication of stabilization of MSW. In short, it has been demonstrated that DecoMSW is instrumental in assessing the state of decomposition of MSW with respect to time in the BLF and facilitates initiation of the landfill mining activities.

Improving methane yield from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with magnetic rice-straw biochar

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qin ◽  
Haoshu Wang ◽  
Xiangru Li ◽  
Jay Jiayang Cheng ◽  
Weixiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Rice Straw Biochar

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

Stabilisation of municipal solid waste after autoclaving in a passively aerated bioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła ◽  
Dorota Kulikowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bernat ◽  
Sławomir Kasiński ◽  
Magdalena Zaborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Solids Removal

Autoclaving of unsorted municipal solid waste is one of the solutions in waste management that maximises the amount of waste for recycling. After autoclaving, however, a large part of the waste is composed of unstabilised biodegradable fractions (organic remaining fraction, ORF), which may comprise up to 30% of autoclaved waste and cannot be landfilled without further stabilisation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic stabilisation in a passively aerated reactor of organic remaining fraction after full-scale autoclaving of unsorted municipal solid waste. The organic remaining fraction had a volatile solids content of ca. 70%, a 4-day respiration activity test (AT4) of ca. 26 g O2 kg–1 total solids and a 21-day gas formation test (GP21) of ca. 235 dm3 kg–1 total solids. Stabilisation was conducted in a 550 L reactor with passive aeration (Stage I) and a periodically turned windrow (Stage II). The feedstocks consisted entirely of organic remaining fraction, or of organic remaining fraction with 10% inoculum (ORF + I). Inoculum constituted product of stabilisation of organic remaining fraction. During stabilisation of organic remaining fraction and ORF + I, thermophilic conditions were achieved, and the decreases of volatile solids, AT4 and GP21 could be described by 1 order kinetic models. The rate constants of volatile solids removal (kVS) were 0.033 and 0.068 d–1 for organic remaining fraction and ORF + I, respectively, and the thermophilic phase was shorter with ORF + I (25 days vs. 45 days). The decrease in GP21 corresponded to volatile solids decrease, but AT4 decreased sharply during the first 10 days of waste stabilisation in the reactor, indicating that the content of highly biodegradable organic matter decreased during this time.

scholarly journals Waste to Energy: A Focus on the Impact of Substrate Type in Biogas Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Nwokolo ◽  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
KeChrist Obileke ◽  
Matthew Enebe
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Substrate Type

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient technology for a sustainable conversion of various organic wastes such as animal manure, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues and industrial waste into biogas. This technology offers a unique set of benefits, some of which include a good waste management technique, enhancement in the ecology of rural areas, improvement in health through a decrease of pathogens and optimization of the energy consumption of communities. The biogas produced through anaerobic digestion varies in composition, but it consists mainly of carbon dioxide methane together with a low quantity of trace gases. The variation in biogas composition are dependent on some factors namely the substrate type being digested, pH, operating temperature, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time and digester design. However, the type of substrate used is of greater interest due to the direct dependency of microorganism activities on the nutritional composition of the substrate. Therefore, the aim of this review study is to provide a detailed analysis of the various types of organic wastes that have been used as a substrate for the sustainable production of biogas. Biogas formation from various substrates reported in the literature were investigated, an analysis and characterization of these substrates provided the pro and cons associated with each substrate. The findings obtained showed that the methane yield for all animal manure varied from 157 to 500 mL/gVS with goat and pig manure superseding the other animal manure whereas lignocellulose biomass varied from 160 to 212 mL/gVS. In addition, organic municipal solid waste and industrial waste showed methane yield in the ranges of 143–516 mL/gVS and 25–429 mL/gVS respectively. These variations in methane yield are primarily attributed to the nutritional composition of the various substrates.

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste in Japan: the first demonstration plant at Kyoto City

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Komatsu ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
Y. Kuriyama ◽  
Y. Isshiki ◽  
T. Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste is vigorously promoted in Japan and the necessity of energy recovery from organic waste is increasing. An anaerobic digestion demonstration plant for organic waste in Kyoto City, Japan has been operated for about two years. Three kinds of wastes (garbage and leftovers from hotels, yard waste and used paper) mixed at various ratios are used. The plant has maintained stable operations with each mixture, generating biogas by the decomposition of VS at the rate of about 820 m3N/ton-VS.

Assessing total and volatile solids in municipal solid waste samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
pp. 3041-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peces ◽  
S. Astals ◽  
J. Mata-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Volatile Solids
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