Influence of molecular weight distribution of organic substances on the removal efficiency of DBPS in a conventional water treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-N. Chang ◽  
A. Chao ◽  
F-S. Lee ◽  
F-F. Zing
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Unit Operations

The objective of this study is to investigate how the molecular weight distribution of the organic substances affects their treatment efficiencies and the reduction of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the various unit operations of a full-scale water treatment plant. The results indicate that the membrane with a smaller molecular weight cut-off is more effective for removing the organic substances and its associated water quality parameters from the raw water. For example, using the membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 0.5 K (500 daltons), the removal efficiency of DOC from the raw water sample can be as high as 88%. Removal efficiencies of other water quality parameters such as UV254 absorbance, THMFP and AOXFP are generally between 65–69%. When undergoing the various unit operations in the conventional water treatment plant, most organic substances are removed in the coagulation process followed by sedimentation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Imad Ali Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Filtration Unit

Abstract: Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.

scholarly journals Investigation of water quality changes in drinking water supplied from Sitlee water treatment plant on River Tawi to Old Jammu City, Jammu, J&K, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Poonam Kundan ◽  
Deepika Slathia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Distribution Point

In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the water quality changes in River Tawi water treated at Sitlee water treatment plant, and supplied for drinking to Old Jammu City, Jammu, J&K, India. Water samples from the treated water unit of Sitlee water treatment plant and around ten houses from the distribution point (Old Jammu City) were analyzed monthly for various physicochemical parameters for a period of one year (February 2014 to January 2015). The study indicated deterioration of drinking water quality during its passage through the distribution network which has been attributed to the leakages and defects in the old pipe system supplying water to the Jammu city. Comparison of analyzed water quality parameters with the drinking water standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) indicated that parameters like DO (7.49-8.24mg/l), calcium(49.93-67.08mg/l), magnesium(16.14-25.21mg/l) and potassium(6.99-7.93mg/l) were almost nearing the desirable limits but were within the permissible limits and parameters like turbidity(3.5-8.17 NTU) and total hardness(78.87-120.50mg/l) were above the desirable limits in the water samples collected from the distribution point. The collected primary data for the thirteen water quality parameters has been used to calculate the Arithmetic Water Quality Index(WQI) which has shown monsoon increase with higher values at distribution point(65.65). One time microbial analysis (MPN/100ml) for total and faecal coliform has indicated presence of faecal coliform (<1/100ml) in water samples from eight households at distribution point which indicates contamination of water with human faecal matter during its passage through the distribution network. According to microbial standards laid down by Central Pollution Control Board (2008), water contaminated with faecal coliform is unfit for drinking without conventional treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of dissolved organic matter at a water treatment plant with closed systems in different seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2013-2020
Author(s):  
Hudori Hudori ◽  
Toshiro Yamada ◽  
Yukitaka Suzuki ◽  
Maulana Yusup Rosadi ◽  
Hiroto Tamaoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Closed Systems

Abstract This research focuses on characterizing the dissolved organic matter found at water treatment plants with closed systems. Recycled water generated as a by-product of water treatment is added to raw water in those systems. The dissolved organic matter in the raw water was found to be higher in summer than in winter, but the water treatment process was able to produce purified water of the similar quality in both seasons. The recycled water contained mostly low molecular weight and protein-like substances, and this composition was different from that of the raw water, which mainly contained humic-like substances. The recycled water did not influence the concentration of humic-like substances or the molecular weight distribution in the influent water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physicochemical water parameters in watersheds of southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marta Sória ◽  
Vitor Emanuel Quevedo Tavares ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
Lizete Stumpf ◽  
Daiane Zarnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Water Parameters

Water-quality monitoring is one of the main instruments for water-resource management. This work therefore evaluated the water quality of the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant as well as the relationship between physicochemical water parameters, and analyzed the seasonal variation of water quality parameters as a function of rainfall. The study area encompassed the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant, formed mainly by the drainage areas of the Pelotas stream and its tributary, the Quilombo Stream, located in the city of Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A set of 118,368 data points for each stream was analyzed between 2007 and 2012. The following water quality parameters were evaluated: turbidity, temperature, color, pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, and alkalinity. Results showed that dissolved oxygen and water pH values conformed with Brazilian legislation in the 6 years evaluated. However, water color was the parameter that remained the greatest number of days above the set limits, mainly in the Pelotas Stream. Result indicates the need for conservation actions in the catchment, especially considering the importance of color for the assessment of water quality for public supply, in terms of both treatment costs and of public health. Highest values for water color, turbidity, and organic matter coincided with the occurrence of the highest rainfall values. Agricultural activities may potentiate sedimentation in the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant.

scholarly journals Use of Acorn Leaves as a Natural Coagulant in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrezzaq Benalia ◽  
Kerroum Derbal ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
Francesco Pirozzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Leaf Powder

In this study, the use of acorn leaves as a natural coagulant to reduce raw water turbidity and globally improve drinking water quality was investigated. The raw water was collected from a drinking water treatment plant located in Mila (Algeria) with an initial turbidity of 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU. To obtain acorn leaf powder as a coagulant, the acorn leaves were previously cleaned, washed with tap water, dried, ground and then finely sieved. To improve the coagulant activity and, consequently, the turbidity removal efficiency, the fine powder was also preliminarily treated with different solvents, as follows, in order to extract the coagulant agent: (i) distilled water; (ii) solutions of NaCl (0.25; 0.5 and 1 M); (iii) solutions of NaOH (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M); and (iv) solutions of HCl (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M). Standard Jar Test assays were conducted to evaluate the performance of the coagulant in the different considered operational conditions. Results of the study indicated that at low turbidity (e.g., 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU), the raw acorn leaf powder and those treated with distilled water (DW) were able to decrease the turbidity to 3.69 ± 0.06 and 1.97 ± 0.03 NTU, respectively. The use of sodium chloride solution (AC-NaCl) at 0.5 M resulted in a high turbidity removal efficiency (91.07%) compared to solutions with different concentrations (0.25 and 1 M). Concerning solutions of sodium hydroxide (AC-NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (AC-HCl), the lowest final turbidities of 1.83 ± 0.13 and 0.92 ± 0.02 NTU were obtained when the concentrations of the solutions were set at 0.05 and 0.1 M, respectively. Finally, in this study, other water quality parameters, such as total alkalinity hardness, pH, electrical conductivity and organic matters content, were measured to assess the coagulant performance on drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals Trophic status, phytoplankton diversity, and water quality at Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Deyab ◽  
Magda El-Adl ◽  
Fatma Ward ◽  
Eman Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Treated Water

Abstract This work aims to study the seasonal fluctuation in physicochemical characteristics, trophic status, and some pollutants influencing phytoplankton diversity, and water quality at a compact Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta – Egypt seasonally during 2018. Phytoplankton distribution was affected by the trophic status of water, level of pollutants, and physicochemical treatment processes of water. The predominance of phytoplankton species, especially Aphanizomenon flos aquae (Cyanophyta), Gomphosphaeria lacustris (Cyanophyta), Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyta), Nostoc punctiforme (Cyanophyta), Oscillatoria limnetica (Cyanophyta), Pediastrum simplex (Chlorophyta), and Melosira granulata (Bacillariophyta) in treated water was much less than that in raw water. Trihalomethanes (THMs) levels in treated waters were higher than in raw water, while lower concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in treated water. Intracellular levels of microcystins were lower, whereas the extracellular levels were higher in treated water than raw water, and the former recorded the highest level in raw water during summer. Hence, the levels of dissolved microcystins and THMs in treated water were higher especially during summer, the season of luxurious growth of Microcystis species. Trophic state index (TSI) was relatively high in raw water compared with treated water due to high concentrations of nutrients (total-P, total-N, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia) in raw water.

scholarly journals Impact of an Extreme Winter Storm Event on the Coagulation/Flocculation Processes in a Prototype Surface Water Treatment Plant: Causes and Mitigating Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuguo Qiu ◽  
Huadong Lv ◽  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Dongye Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Winter Storm ◽  
Surface Water Treatment

Climate change has often caused failure in water treatment operations. In this study, we report a real case study at a major surface water treatment plant in Alabama, USA. Following a severe winter storm, the effluent water turbidity surged to >15.00 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), far exceeding the 0.30 NTU standard. As a result, the plant operation had to be shut down for three days, causing millions of dollars of losses and affecting tens of thousands of people. Systematic jar tests were carried out with sediment samples from 22 upstream locations. The coagulation and settleability of sediment particles were tested under simulated storm weather conditions, i.e., low temperature (7 °C) and in the presence of various types and concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) that was extracted from the local sediments. Experimental results proved that elevated NOM (6.14 mg·L−1 as Total Organic Carbon, TOC) in raw water was the root cause for the failure of the plant while the low temperature played a minor but significant role. Pre-oxidation with permanganate and/or elevated coagulant dosage were found effective to remove TOC in raw water and to prevent similar treatment failure. Moreover, we recommend that chemical dosages should be adjusted based on the TOC level in raw water, and a reference dosage of 0.29 kg-NaMnO4/kg-TOC and 19 kg- polyaluminum chloride (PACl) /kg-TOC would be appropriate to cope with future storm water impacts. To facilitate timely adjustment of the chemical dosages, the real time key water quality parameters should be monitored, such as turbidity, TOC, Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, pH, and color. The findings can guide other treatment operators to deal with shock changes in the raw water quality resulting from severe weather or other operating conditions.

scholarly journals PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR ONLINE DAN REALTIME DI INTAKE PDAM TAMAN KOTA CENGKARENG DRAIN DKI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Dwi Wahjono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Raw Water

The need for clean water in big cities is very dependent on water supply by water companies (PDAM). The increasing demand for clean water in big cities is proportional to the increasing of number population and industry, but not comparable to the clean water supply and quality of raw water available. PDAM has made various efforts to improve the quality of clean water services to the community. One of the effort is to improve the performance of water treatment plant (WTP). To support the improvement of the performance of WTP, required water quality monitoring at the intake location in use. This paper discusses the online and realtime water quality monitoring at the water intake location using a multi-probe digital sensor and GSM technology. This observation data is used as a comparative data analysis of laboratory data on raw water source PDAM Taman Kota (Cengkareng Drain). Keywords: air baku air minum, intake PDAM Taman Kota Cengkareng Drain, pemantuan kualitas air, multi probe digital sensor, teknologi online monitoring, Water Treatment Plant

scholarly journals Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan Limpahan Air Sungai Sahang sebagai Air Bersih Untuk Keperluan Laboratorium Teknik Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bustomi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Water Overflow

Clean water is the primary need of living things because water plays an important role in the process of life. The quality of raw water from various sources has different quality and quantity characteristics, which means that not all regions have a clean water supply that can be processed into water suitable for consumption in accordance with clean water standards that meet clean water requirements. Therefore, in processing and utilizing overflow of Sahang River water, the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) system is to remove metals, organic substances and bacteria in accordance with clean water quality standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The stages in the processing and utilization of the Sahang River water overflow are preliminary analysis of samples in the intake, sedimentation and reservoir tanks. Then to ensure the results of processing and utilization of the Sahang river water overflow, we took a comparative sample, namely PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang water. Analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters. In the analysis test, the physical parameters of clean water include temperature, color, turbidity, dissolved solids (TDS), smell and taste. In the analysis of clean water chemical parameters, including pH, hardness, chloride, organic substances, ammonia, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, chromium, cadmium, iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, zinc and lead. Meanwhile, the biological parameter analysis test includes the analysis of E-Coli bacteria. The results of the water quality analysis test for WTP (Water Treatment Plant) have been proven to comply with SNI quality standards for clean water with the optimum results obtained in the addition of a coagulant with a concentration of 75 ppm. However, there are parameters that have decreased and increased levels in each type of parameter such as parameters Turbidity (4.27 NTU), pH (7.01), TDS (24.1 ppm), NaCl (49.7 ppm), DO ( 6.95 ppm), Conducto (1.6211 µs) and hardness (13.29 ppm), but it is still within the standard of clean water quality, which means that the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) system is proven to be implemented especially for water purposes. Laboratory of the Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya and generally for the needs of the community at an economical price and good quality

scholarly journals Case study to evaluate the influence of the SolarBees and dossage on the water quality of the Rietvlei Dam Water Treatment Plant.

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Booyens ◽  
D. De Vos ◽  
Sandra Barnard ◽  
Leanne Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Raw Water Quality ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this project was to investigate the influence of the SolarBees and dosage on the water quality at Rietvlei Dam WTP. The difference between the raw and final water samples was less than anticipated due to the drastic improvement in raw water quality of Rietvlei Dam.

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