Reorganization of Atlantic waters at sub-polar latitudes linked to deep water overflow in both glacial and interglacial climate states

Abrupt climate events are generally attributed as a characteristic of glacial (intermediate-to-large cryosphere) climate states. While a large cryosphere may be a necessary boundary condition for millennial-scale events to persist, it remains unclear whether high-magnitude climate variability is purely a glacial phenomenon requiring cryosphere-driven feedbacks. High-resolution climate records are used to portray North Atlantic climate's progression through low-ice, interglacial boundary conditions of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11c into the glacial inception. We show that this period is marked by rapid shifts in both deep overflow and surface climate. The reorganization between polar and Atlantic waters at subpolar latitudes appears to accompany changes in the flow of deep water emanating from the Nordic Seas, regardless of magnitude or boundary conditions. Further, during both glacial and interglacial boundary conditions, we find that a reduction in deep water precedes surface hydrographic change. The existence of surface and deep ocean events during an interglacial, with similar magnitudes, abruptness, and surface-deep phasing as their glacial counterparts, alters our concept of “warm” climate stability and the requisite cryospheric thresholds and feedbacks for it.

Numerical Study on the Hydrologic Characteristic of Permeable Friction Course Pavement

The hydrologic characteristic of a permeable friction course (PFC) pavement is dependent on the rainfall intensity, pavement geometric design, and porous asphalt properties. Herein, the hydrologic characteristic of PFC pavements of various lengths and slopes was determined via numerical analysis. A series of analyses was conducted using length values of 10, 15, 20, and 30 m and slope values of 0.5%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% for the equivalent water flow path. The PFC pavements were simulated for various values of rainfall intensity, which ranged from 10 to 120 mm/h, to determine the time taken for water to flow over the PFC pavement surface. The results show that the time for water overflow decreased when the pavement length or rainfall intensity increased, and it increased when the slope increased. Finally, a series of design charts was developed to determine the time taken for water to flow over the PFC pavement surface for given rainfall intensities. Since this study was conducted based on numerical analysis, further studies are recommended to verify experimentally the results presented.

Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan Limpahan Air Sungai Sahang sebagai Air Bersih Untuk Keperluan Laboratorium Teknik Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Clean water is the primary need of living things because water plays an important role in the process of life. The quality of raw water from various sources has different quality and quantity characteristics, which means that not all regions have a clean water supply that can be processed into water suitable for consumption in accordance with clean water standards that meet clean water requirements. Therefore, in processing and utilizing overflow of Sahang River water, the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) system is to remove metals, organic substances and bacteria in accordance with clean water quality standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The stages in the processing and utilization of the Sahang River water overflow are preliminary analysis of samples in the intake, sedimentation and reservoir tanks. Then to ensure the results of processing and utilization of the Sahang river water overflow, we took a comparative sample, namely PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang water. Analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters. In the analysis test, the physical parameters of clean water include temperature, color, turbidity, dissolved solids (TDS), smell and taste. In the analysis of clean water chemical parameters, including pH, hardness, chloride, organic substances, ammonia, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, chromium, cadmium, iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, zinc and lead. Meanwhile, the biological parameter analysis test includes the analysis of E-Coli bacteria. The results of the water quality analysis test for WTP (Water Treatment Plant) have been proven to comply with SNI quality standards for clean water with the optimum results obtained in the addition of a coagulant with a concentration of 75 ppm. However, there are parameters that have decreased and increased levels in each type of parameter such as parameters Turbidity (4.27 NTU), pH (7.01), TDS (24.1 ppm), NaCl (49.7 ppm), DO ( 6.95 ppm), Conducto (1.6211 µs) and hardness (13.29 ppm), but it is still within the standard of clean water quality, which means that the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) system is proven to be implemented especially for water purposes. Laboratory of the Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya and generally for the needs of the community at an economical price and good quality

Jaringan Drainase Kawasan Sesela Kecamatan Gunung Sari

Sesela area is one of the areas in Gunung Sari district, West Lombok. In this Sesela area, there are puddles or floods that disturb the community, especially those in the area of Jati Sela Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the high rainfall, and the existing canal are still able to accommodate the flood discharge or not. In this study began with data collection namely primary data collection and secondary data collection. Then conduct data analysis, namely hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. Based on the results of hidrological analysis, the amaount of rain R2th was 86,298 mm and R5th was 108,642 mm. Based on the results of calculations with a 5 year return period (R5th) comparison of the results obtained flood discharge is greatest at Griya Praja Asri canal is equal to 1,872 m³sec⁻¹. While the calculation is based on 11 sections hydraulics existing canals, namely Johar Pelita canal, Griya Praja Asri canal, Pesona Raya 1 canal, Perum Elite Rinjani Asri canal, Pesona Raya 2 canal, Ireng Daye canal, Ireng Lauk 2 canal, Pesona Raya 3 canal, Jati Ireng canal, Ireng Lauk 1 canal, and Pesona Raya 4 canal almost all of them can not accommodate flood discharge, causing water overflow or puddles. To overcome the overflow of water that occurs in the canal, redimensions are carried out so that the canals can function optimally.

Evaluasi Kapasitas Saluran Drainase di Catchment Area Sub Sistem Bendul Merisi Kota Surabaya

Bendul Merisi is a densely populated urban village located in the city of Surabaya with a population density, which until 2014 reached 12,477 inhabitants. The drainage channel in Bendul Merisi is unable to collect rainwater, causing water overflow in the drainage canal. The way to overcome flood is to increase the capacity of the channel. Evaluation of drainage channel capacity in Bendul Merisi is needed for flood management. The purpose of this study is to find out the amount of capacity of the drainage channel, so flood can be overcome, can find out the results of the evaluation of flood volume for the next 2 years with the existing channel capacity. The results of this study are the dimensions of the tertiary channel 2 using a width of 1.9 m and a depth of 2.1 m; quarterly channel 1 uses a width of 0.6 m and a depth of 1.5 m; Q2 channel uses a width of 2 m and a depth of 2.98 m. The expansion of the cross-section is expected to be overcome.Bendul Merisi merupakan kelurahan padat penduduk yang terletak di Kota Surabaya dengan kepadatan penduduk yang sampai pada tahun 2014 mencapai 12.477 jiwa. Saluran pembuang di Bendul Merisi tidak mampu menampung air hujan sehingga mengakibatkan meluapnya air di saluran pembuang banjir. Cara penanggulangan banjir adalah memperbesar kapasitas saluran. Evaluasi kapasitas saluran drainase di Bendul Merisi diperlukan, untuk penanganan banjir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dapat mengetahui jumlah kapasitas tampungan saluran drainase, sehingga bajir dapat teratasi, dapat mengetahui hasil evaluasi volume banjir untuk 2 tahun yang mendatang dengan kapasitas saluran yang ada. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dimensi saluran tersier 2 menggunakan lebar 1,9 m dan kedalaman 2,1 m; saluran kuarter 1 menggunakan lebar 0,6 m dan kedalaman 1,5 m; saluran kuarter 2 menggunakan lebar 2 m dan kedalaman 2,98 m. Pembesaran penampang diharapkan banjir dapat teratasi.

Analisis Kapasitas Saluran Sistem Drainase di Simo Katrungan Kidul Sawahan Surabaya

Sawahan is a densely populated sub-district located in the city of Surabaya with a population density which until 2017 reached 215,024 people as a result of a wide and deep drainage channel which became narrow and shallow as more and more settlements developed. And when the rainy season comes, the drainage channel in the Banyu Urip (Simo Katrungan Kidul) area of Surabaya is unable to collect rainwater, causing water overflow in the drainage and flood channels. Heavy rain for more than 1.5 hours and hit Simokatrungan area can cause inundation up to 500 meters inundated. The deepest puddles reach the knees of adults or about 60 cm. The purpose of this study is how to calculate flood discharge and channel dimension planning for the next 2022 planning year. The methods used are hydrological analysis, Existing channel analysis, flood discharge analysis for the next 2 years (2022), and channel capacity for 2022.Based on capacity analysis Secondary Channel Simo Katrungan Kidul Eastern Section is 0.003 m3 / s, while the existing design debit is 0.126 m3 / s, the channel cannot accept the design debit. So the dimensions for this channel are planned to form trapezoidal b1 = 1.3 m. b2 = 1.8 m, h = 1 m. The Northern Tertiary Simo Katrungan Kidul channel capacity is 0.031 m3 / sec, while the existing design discharge is 0.096 m3 / sec. So that the dimensions for this channel are planned to form trapezoid b1 = 1.6 m, b2 = 2.2 m, h = 1.2 m. Simo Katrungan North Section Secondary channel capacity is 0.002 m3 / sec, while the existing design discharge is 0.360 m3 / sec. So that the dimensions for this channel are planned to form trapezoid b1 = 1.6 m, b2 = 2.2 m, h = 1.2 m.

BUDI DAYA DAN ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI PADA LAHAN RAWA LEBAK SUMATERA SELATAN / Cultivation and Adaptation of New Superior Varieties Paady in Lebak Swampy Lands in South Sumatra

<p>Lebak swampy lands are one of the contributors to rice production in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra. This agroecosystem is affected by river water overflow and rainfall. Based on the height and duration of waterlogging, the lebak swampy land is divided into three typologies, namely shallow lebak swampy lands, middle swampy lands, and deep swampy lands. This paper discusses cultivation and adaptation of new superior varieties of rice on lebak swampy lands. In this agroecosystem, rice is cultivated in the dry season after low tide, starting from shallow lebak swampy lands, then continuing to the middle lebak swampy lands and deep lebak swampy lands. Problems with rice cultivation on lebak swampy lands include: (1) stagnant water, (2) drought in the dry season, (3) continuous use of the same variety, (4) the use of poor quality seeds, (5) limited varieties superior, and (6) fertilizer use is not as recommended. Paddy cultivation in lebak swampy lands uses only local varieties such as Siputih which can be sown up to three times, so that the age of the seedlings can reach two months with high posture. Land preparation is carried out by cleaning weeds until they are ready for planting and using hand tractors in shallow and middle lebak swampy lands. The seed comes from its own multiplication (40 kg / ha). Ciherang and IR-42 varieties are used from season to planting season with fertilization according to the ability of farmers. Thus, the results obtained are low, ranging from 3.5-4.5 t / ha GKP. One way to improve rice productivity in lebak swampy lands is the use of new improved varieties. Inpara and Inpari varieties can grow and produce in shallow lebak swampy lands and middle lebak swampy lands. In shallow lebak swampy lands it is recommended to use drought tolerant varieties such as Situbagendit, Limboto, Batutegi, Inpago, Inpari-1, Inpari-4, Inpari-6, and Inpara-5. In deep lebak swampy lands, rice can only be cultivated once a year, using superior varieties in the long dry season. The recommended superior varieties are Inpara-3, Inpara-4, and Inpara-5 which are tolerant to soaking.</p><p>Key words: Paddy, lebak swampy lands, superior varieties, cultivation, adaptation</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Lahan rawa lebak merupakan salah satu agroekosistem penyumbang produksi beras di Indonesia, terutama di Sumatera Selatan. Agroekosistem ini dipengaruhi oleh luapan air sungai dan curah hujan. Berdasarkan tinggi dan lama genangan air, lahan rawa lebak dipilah menjadi tiga tipologi, yaitu lebak dangkal, lebak tengahan, dan lebak dalam. Makalah ini membahas budi daya dan adaptasi varietas unggul baru padi pada lahan rawa lebak. Pada agroekosistem ini padi dibudidayakan pada musim kemarau setelah air surut, dimulai dari lebak dangkal, kemudian dilanjutkan pada lebak tengahan dan lebak dalam. Permasalahan budi daya padi pada lahan rawa lebak antara lain: (1) genangan air, (2) kekeringan pada musim kemarau, (3) penggunaan varietas yang sama secara terus-menerus, (4) penggunaan benih tidak bermutu, (5) keterbatasan varietas unggul, dan (6) penggunaan pupuk tidak sesuai anjuran. Budi daya padi pada lahan lebak dalam hanya menggunakan varietas lokal seperti Siputih yang dapat disemai sampai tiga kali, sehingga umur bibit bisa mencapai dua bulan dengan postur yang tinggi. Penyiapan lahan dilakukan dengan cara pembersihan gulma sampai siap tanam dan menggunakan traktor tangan pada lebak dangkal dan lebak tengahan. Benih berasal dari perbanyakan sendiri (40 kg/ha). Varietas Ciherang dan IR-42 digunakan dari musim ke musim tanam dengan pemupukan sesuai kemampuan petani. Dengan demikian, hasil yang diperoleh rendah, berkisar antara 3,5-4,5 t/ha GKP. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki produktivitas padi pada lahan lebak adalah penggunaan varietas unggul baru. Varietas Inpara dan Inpari dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada lebak dangkal dan lebak tengahan. Pada lebak dangkal disarankan menggunakan varietas toleran kekeringan seperti Situbagendit, Limboto, Batutegi, Inpago, Inpari-1, Inpari-4, Inpari-6, dan Inpara-5. Pada lebak dalam, padi hanya dapat diusahakan satu kali dalam satu tahun, menggunakan varietas unggul pada musim kemarau panjang. Varietas unggul yang disarankan ialah Inpara-3, Inpara-4, dan Inpara-5 yang toleran rendaman.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, rawa lebak, varietas unggul, budi daya, adpatasi.</p>