Petro® concept: a tentative approach to biological phosphorus removal incorporating waste stabilisation ponds

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Shipin ◽  
P. G. Meiring ◽  
J. R. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Activated Sludge Reactor ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Ponding which is usually considered a low tech process can be successfully integrated with downstream Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) facility. The PETRO system incorporating ponds and downstream trickling filter (TF) or activated sludge process (ASP) is a technology which offers simplicity of O and M combined with biological removal of P and N. It is feasible to produce in a primary facultative pond with a deep fermentation pit quantities of readily biodegradable substrates sufficient to meet the requirements of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) in a downstream BNR facility. Malodorous conditions are dealt with by high rate recirculation. This novel low tech approach is a step towards a more straightforward BNR process. PETRO concept features phenomenon of algae-assisted chemical P-removal in activated sludge reactor. The process results in precipitation of inorganic phosphates apparently in a form of calcium/magnesium salts. Possible mechanism of this additional process which removes up to several milligrams per litre of inorganic P is discussed.

Practical Experience with Biological Phosphorus Removal Plants in Johannesburg

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Pitman ◽  
S L V Venter ◽  
H A Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

This paper describes three years operating experience with two full-scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge plants. Factors affecting biological phosphorus removal are highlighted and possible process improvements suggested.

Biological phosphorus removal from a phosphorus-rich dairy processing wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.O. Bickers ◽  
R. Bhamidimarri ◽  
J. Shepherd ◽  
J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
System A ◽  
Dairy Processing ◽  
Activated Sludge Reactor ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Dairy industry processing wastewaters consist mainly of dilutions of milk, milk products and cleaning solutions and, depending on the processes used, may be rich in phosphorus. In New Zealand and internationally, chemical removal of phosphorus is typically the phosphorus removal method of choice from dairy processing wastewaters. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was investigated in this study as an alternative phosphorus removal option using a continuous activated sludge system. A synthetic dairy processing wastewater was firstly subjected to fermentation in an anaerobic reactor (HRT = 12 hrs, pH = 6.5, temperature = 35°C) resulting in a fermented wastewater with an average volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of 1055 mg COD/L. The activated sludge reactor was operated in an AO configuration with an HRT of 2.5 days and an SRT of 15 days. Stable EBPR was exhibited with 42 mg P/L removed, resulting in a final sludge phosphorus content of 4.9% mg P/mg TSS. In the anaerobic zone (HRT = 2.85 hrs) the sludge had a phosphorus content of 3.16% mg P/mg TSS and a poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) concentration of 86 mg COD/g TS.

The Activated Sludge Model No. 2: biological phosphorus removal

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gujer ◽  
M. Henze ◽  
T. Mino ◽  
T. Matsuo ◽  
M. C. Wentzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Activated Sludge Model ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

The Activated Sludge Model No. 2 is introduced as a further development of Activated Sludge Model No. 1. Model No. 2 introduces phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) and allows us to simulate the behaviour of biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Typical wastewater composition and a set of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters are provided in order to make reasonable predictions. The model has not yet been calibrated or verified in any full-scale application. This report contains a simplified version of the full Model No. 2; the full model is published in the final report of the Task Group (Henze et al., 1994).

High Rate Air Activated Sludge Operation at the City of Los Angeles Hyperion Wastewater Treatment Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Shao ◽  
J. Crosse ◽  
E. Keller ◽  
D. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
The City ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The City of Los Angeles USA Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) implemented high rate air activated sludge operations in November 1989. Using this process, the secondary treatment organic loading (F/M) was increased from 0.5 to 1.0 kg BOD/kg MLVSS/day and the MCRT reduced from 3.1 days to 1.5 days, thereby enabling the secondary treated flow to be increased from 150 mgd to 200mgd (6.6 to 8.8 m3/s). Excellent secondary effluent quality (BOD5 = 15 mg/l, carbonaceous BOD5 = 6 mg/l, SS = 6 mg/l) is currently obtained using rectangular secondary clarifiers operated at surface overflow rates of 1,100 gal/day/ft2 (43 m3/m2/day) and low MLSS concentrations (950 mg/l). The enhanced biological phosphorus removal that was obtained when operating at a 3 day MCRT was eliminated in the change to high rate operation and struvite (MgNH4PO4(c)) build-up in the anaerobic digesters has been eliminated. Nocardia scum formation, with its odor generating potential and other associated operating problems, has also been eliminated by high rate operation.

Effects of an anaerobic zone in a textile wastewater treatment plant

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortone ◽  
J. S. Cech ◽  
R. Bianchi ◽  
A. Tilche
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Final Effluent

High concentration of textile industries represents a serious environmental problem in the Como area in Northern Italy. The Seveso treatment plant was formerly performing biological removal of nitrogen by means of a modified Ludzack-Ettinger configuration. Being the plant overloaded, nitrification was not achieved. Therefore the plant flow sheet has been modified. The former predenitrification tank has been changed in an anaerobic compartment, since the internal recycle was stopped. The efficiency of the anaerobic reactor for COD removal, the selective pressure on the microbial community and the enhanced biological phosphorus removal were evaluated. In the anaerobic tank 40% of the influent COD was removed with a reaction time of only 45 minutes. The activated sludge showed a very high presence of Poly-P bacteria; anaerobic P release was noticed during the anaerobic phase. Sludge settleability was always good (contrary to a similar activated sludge treatment plant, also treating textile wastewater but without an anaerobic selector, that suffers heavy filamentous bulking and Nocardia foaming). The final effluent PO4-P concentration was always lower than 1 mg L−1.

Design Considerations for Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Based on more than 10 years' experience with biological nutrient removal in Johannesburg, this paper highlights aspects which should be borne in mind in the design of such processes. Feed sewage quality and the question of treating raw or settled sewage are considered. More importantly, methods of rendering the feed more suitable for biological phosphorus removal are detailed. As nitrate feedback to the anaerobic zone can often mitigate against good phosphorus removal, methods of obviating this are covered. In this respect the need for, and placement of a second anoxic zone are discussed. Process type and configuration are covered as well as zone retention periods and the split of process volume into unaerated and aerated fractions. Aeration systems and the tailoring of aeration to process needs are also discussed. Two problems that have been experienced in many full-scale plants are bulking sludges and prolific growths of nuisance scums. Methods of minimising these problems are discussed. Finally, mixed liquor and return sludge recycles; aspects to be borne in mind in the design of final clarifiers and the provision of standby chemical addition are discussed.

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants with Anaerobic Selectors

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
K. D. Tracy ◽  
S. N. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The anaerobic selector of the A/0™ process offers many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes with respect to process performance and operational stability. This high-rate, single-sludge process has been successfully demonstrated in full-scale operations for biological phosphorus removal and total nitrogen control in addition to BOD and TSS removal. This process can be easily utilized in upgrading existing treatment plants to meet stringent discharge limitations and to provide capacity expansion. Upgrades of two full-scale installations are described and performance data from the two facilities are presented.

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