Water scarcity and food security: alternative futures for the 21st century

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Rosengrant ◽  
X. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Water availability for agriculture - the major water user worldwide - is one of the most critical factors for food security in many regions of the world. The role of water withdrawals in irrigated agriculture and food security has been receiving substantial attention in recent years. This paper addresses key questions regarding water availability and food security, including: How will water availability and water demand evolve over the next three decades, taking into account availability and variability in water resources, the water supply infrastructure, and irrigation and nonagricultural water demands? What are the relationships among water scarcity, food production, and food security? How much of future food production will come from rainfed and irrigated areas? A global modeling framework, IMPACT-Water, is applied to explore answers to these questions using analysis.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE ROLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Krupko
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agriculture And Food

This article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the role of the Voronezh region in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation, the features are analyzed and trends in the development of agriculture and food industry in the region are identified, as well as directions for increasing the level and sustainability of food production

scholarly journals Food Production: The Critical Role of Irrigation Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conjunctive Use ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Agriculture Intensification

As food need rises, Nepal's reliance on irrigated agriculture does increase. Increased production to satisfy the food demand of the future must essentially come from intensification, not from expansion of agriculture. Intensification potential of irrigated agriculture is much higher than rainfed system. Technologies, professionals and farmers should go together to achieve greater impacts and ensure the country's food security. Key words: Irrigated agriculture, food security, farmer participation, conjunctive use, physical infrastructure, integrated water resource management, Nepal  doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1918 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page 35-37

scholarly journals Agriculture and Food Security in Mozambique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Luis Alfaro Cardoso ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
General Wellbeing

The objective of this short review is to contribute to the debate on the role of agriculture transformation in the development process and as an engine to reduce poverty and improve general wellbeing through better access to nutrients in Mozambique. Agricultural services are organized by Provinces but still there is no accurate data on food production, consumption and trade trends in a large sample. It is recognized the complexity of the food security concept and the need of a multidimensional definition and approach. The increase in agricultural productivity can probably be seen as a necessary but not a sufficient condition to achieve long term food security in Mozambique or Sub-Saharan Africa.  Competing views about the relevance of agriculture for growth and development imply different policy priorities in Africa.

Food security in the 21st century and in the role of biotechnology

foresight ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pinstrup‐Andersen ◽  
Marc J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

Although global food production has consistently kept pace with population growth, the gap between food production and demand in certain parts of the world is likely to remain. More than 800 million people in developing countries lack access to a minimally adequate diet. Continued productivity gains are essential on the supply side, because global population will increase by 73 million people a year over the next two decades. In this article we assess the current global food situation, look at the prospects through to the year 2020, and outline the policies needed to achieve food security for all. Emphasis is on the role that agricultural biotechnology might play in reaching this goal.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2859-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Water ◽  
Mitigation Policies

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and three climate policy scenarios with increasing mitigation stringency of 7.7, 5.5, and 4.2 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A2, B2, and B1 emission scenarios, respectively), we investigate the effects of emission mitigation policies on water scarcity. Two carbon tax regimes (a universal carbon tax (UCT) which includes land use change emissions, and a fossil fuel and industrial emissions carbon tax (FFICT) which excludes land use change emissions) are analyzed. The baseline scenario results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095, 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively, is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). When comparing the climate policy scenarios to the baseline scenario while maintaining the same baseline socioeconomic assumptions, water scarcity declines under a UCT mitigation policy but increases with a FFICT mitigation scenario by the year 2095, particularly with more stringent climate mitigation targets. Under the FFICT scenario, water scarcity is projected to increase, driven by higher water demands for bio-energy crops.

Food and feed security

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
M Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Food Production ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Food And Feed

Food security is a global issue. General acceptance of the UN prediction that the world must increase food production by at least 50% in the next 20 years, and at least 100% in the next 40. Climate change and water availability will make this extremely challenging.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century – Part 1: Global water supply and demand under extreme radiative forcing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3327-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and a global population of 14 billion by 2095, global annual water demand grows from about 9–10% of total annual renewable freshwater in 2005 to about 32–37% by 2095. This results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Regionally, the demand for water exceeds the amount of water availability in two GCAM regions, the Middle East and India. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). This study implies an increasingly prominent role for water in future human decisions, and highlights the importance of including water in integrated assessment of global change.

scholarly journals La influencia de Leberecht Migge en la creación de las Siedlungen productivas modernas

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
David Arredondo Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
Modern Movement

Agriculture and food production has not been a central issue in the discourse of contemporary architecture and urbanism. In spite of this, it is possible to recover some interesting projects of architects who made serious efforts to reverse the disconnection between rural and urban worlds. Professionals who looked for a direct relationship between house functionality and food production. Some periods of crisis, like the interwar period in Central Europe, created an ideal atmosphere for the appearance of proposals that sought the food self-sufficiency of its inhabitants. This article aims to contextualize the role of the landscape architect Leberecht Migge and his connections with some architects in the creation of the modern Siedlungen. Migge's labor was eclipsed by the great masters of the Modern Movement with whom he worked, but he played a key role in the success of productive housing. His theoretical work and his designs stand out as the most effective and relevant modern Siedlungen where agriculture is fully integrated with housing. This trend ran parallel to the most groundbreaking proposals of the Modern Movement, but only for an ephemeral journey. Once the crisis that allowed its flowering was overcome, these same architects forgot self-sufficiency forever as an objective of their interventions.

scholarly journals Food Security in South Asian Countries: 1972 to 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria ◽  
Junyang Xi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalization reforms on food security in South Asia countries (sacs) using econometric analysis in a panel framework for the period from 1972 to 2013. The estimated results indicate that trade liberalization has a significant positive effect on food production and food security in the region. The results also endorse the role of agriculture factors in improving food production and food security in sacs. The findings indicate that food security is mainly a political problem in South Asia. Solving conflicts politically, violence prevention, the reduction of international arms trade, and the reduction of military expenditures and protection of civil and political rights should be central to policies that address food security issue in the region.

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