Analisis Struktur Hierarki Strategi Pengembangan Hortikultura di Lahan Rawa, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatra Selatan (Hierarchy Structure Analysis of Horticulture Development Strategy in Swamp Land, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra)

<p>Pengembangan hortikultura di lahan rawa merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan nasional, mengatasi masalah gizi, dan kesejahteraan petani. Untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan maka diperlukan strategi pengembangan hortikultura di lahan lawa. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan buah/sayur dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan hortikultura di lahan rawa. Penelitian dilakukan di lokasi SERASI, yaitu di Kecamatan Muara Telang, Banyuasin, Sumatra Selatan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara 81 orang responden dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan 18 orang stakeholder. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prioritas tujuan dalam pengembangan hortikultura di lahan rawa adalah peningkatan produksi dan keragaman produk yang dapat dicapai melalui strategi pemberdayaan petani dan penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan dengan menjalin sinergi antaraktor yang paling berperan dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Langkah operasional untuk mencapai tujuan ini pada tahap awal pembangunan model adalah dengan memprioritaskan langkah operasional yang memiliki ranking tertinggi, yaitu: (1) penerapan teknologi inovasi hortikultura melalui demplot, (2) sinergi antara teknologi inovasi hortikultura dengan pengalaman petani, dan (3) mengkoordinir kelompok tani dalam penetapan pola tanam. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>AHP; Hortikultura; Rawa; Strategi; SWOT</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Horticulture development in swamps land is basically aimed at supporting programs to increase food production, fulfill nutritional needs and improve farmers’ welfare. The main objective of this study was to identify internal and external factors that influence the development of fruit/vegetables and formulate horticultural development strategies in swamp lands. The study was carried out in Muara Telang District, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews with 81 respondents and FGD with 18 stakeholders. A combined SWOT and AHP was used to analyze data. The results showed that the priority goals in the development of horticulture in swamps land are increased production and produce diversity that can be achieved through farmer empowerment strategies and the application of environmentally friendly technology. Therefore, it requires synergies between actors who have an important role in achieving these goals. The operational steps to achieve these goals in the early stages of model development are to prioritize activities that have the highest ranking, namely: (1) disseminating/applying horticultural innovation technologies through demonstration plots, (2) building synergies between horticultural innovation technology and farmer experience, and (3) coordinating farmer groups to determine cropping pattern. </p>

Nanoscale-specific bioassimilation of sulfur: Time and coating specific modulation of transcriptomic and metabolomic pathways in diseased tomato

Nanoscale sulfur was investigated as a multi-functional agricultural amendment to simultaneously enhance crop nutrition and suppress disease damage. Pristine (nS) and stearic acid coated (cS) sulfur nanoparticles were added to soil (0, 100, or 200 mg/L) that was planted with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and infested with the Fusarium wilt pathogen. Bulk sulfur (bS), ionic sulfate (iS), and healthy controls were included. In two greenhouse experiments, measured endpoints included time-dependent agronomic and photosynthetic parameters, disease severity/suppression, and a range of mechanistic biochemical and molecular endpoints, including the expression of 13 genes related to two S bioassimilation pathways and pathogenesis-response, and tissue-specific metabolomic profiles. The impact of treatment on the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome was also evaluated. Disease reduced tomato biomass by up to 87%, but amendment with nS and cS significantly reduced disease progress by 54 and 56%, respectively, compared to the infested controls. Increased S accumulation was evident in plant roots and leaves, independent of S type. Molecular analysis revealed particle size and coating-specific impacts on the plants. For nS and cS, two-photon microscopy and time-dependent gene expression data revealed a nanoscale specific elemental S bioassimilation pathway within the plant tissues. These findings correlated well with detailed metabolomic profiling of plant tissues at 4, 8, and 16 d, which exhibited increased disease resistance and plant immunity related metabolites with nanoscale treatment. The data also demonstrate a time-sensitive physiological window whereby nanoscale stimulation of plant immunity will be effective. An analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community revealed minimal impacts from S soil treatments. These findings provide significant mechanistic insight into non-metal nanomaterial-based suppression of plant disease, and significantly advance efforts to develop sustainable nano-enabled agricultural strategies to increase food production.

An Insight of RuBisCO Evolution through a Multilevel Approach

RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme on earth; it regulates the organic carbon cycle in the biosphere. Studying its structural evolution will help to develop new strategies of genetic improvement in order to increase food production and mitigate CO2 emissions. In the present work, we evaluate how the evolution of sequence and structure among isoforms I, II and III of RuBisCO defines their intrinsic flexibility and residue-residue interactions. To do this, we used a multilevel approach based on phylogenetic inferences, multiple sequence alignment, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamics. Our results show that the three isoforms exhibit greater fluctuation in the loop between αB and βC, and also present a positive correlation with loop 6, an important region for enzymatic activity because it regulates RuBisCO conformational states. Likewise, an increase in the flexibility of the loop structure between αB and βC, as well as Lys330 (form II) and Lys322 (form III) of loop 6, is important to increase photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, the cross-correlation dynamics analysis showed changes in the direction of movement of the secondary structures in the three isoforms. Finally, key amino acid residues related to the flexibility of the RuBisCO structure were indicated, providing important information for its enzymatic engineering.

Small-scale Automated Drip Circulation System

Hunger and Poverty are one of the major problems faced in Sub-Saharan Africa. To get rid of this problem in line with the aim of the sustainable development goals, there is the need to increase current production levels of food. This can be achieved by mechanizing farming systems and introducing technology to farming systems. This paper seeks to introduce an automation system that uses automated drip irrigation with a circulation system to efficiently use energy and avoid the amount of water wasted during farming activities to attempt to increase food production levels..

Resource potential of Beninese soils for maize cultivation

Due to the growth of the population, the need of the Republic of Benin to increase food production is growing significantly. Maize is the main cultivated crop in the country, being also the main item of nutrition. The scientific rationale for expanding the area of maize cultivation is an important economic task. GIS database was created, which includes all the necessary information on soil, relief, and climate conditions in the country for assessment the resource potential of lands for maize cultivation. Geoinformation modeling of soil and land suitability for maize cultivation was performed. The most suitable lands were identified. Possibility to expand areas for maize cultivation in the country was assessed. It was found that the largest resources (in parts of the land fund) for the expansion of maize cultivation are in the following communities of Benin: Tory-Bossito (96%), Toviklin (92.41%), Materi (90.31%), Kobli (89.25%), Wayogbe (87.99), Parakou (86.57%), Jaco-Tomey (85.66%), Avrankou (85.46%), Allada (84.13%), Bohicon (82.24%), Sakete (81.85%), Za Kpota (78.08%), Akpo Misserete (77.96%), Bopa (77.15%), Kpomasse (75.82%) and Ifania (75.03%). The findings led us to conclude that, theoretically, the gross maize production in Benin could be increased fivefold (from 1,514,913 tons to 5,513,947 tons) only by expanding the cultivation area.

Current challenges in plant breeding to achieve zero hunger and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses induced by the global climate changes: A review

According Sustainable Development goals until 2030 we should have zero hunger and undernourished people in the world. But to achieve this goal plant breeders must improve plants in order to produce at least the double than is produced now. This is not a easy pathway because we have only few years, but considering that plant breeding programs normally take several years to produce improved genotypes, also the further improved plants should face with pest, disease and other abiotic factors that are increasing with the current climate changes. In this review we will discuss the situation of hunger in the world and the remaining available land to increase food production, point out effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the food production and present some ways that can be used to fastening plant breeding.

An Overview of Smart Farming Production Technology for the Advancement of Home-grown Farmers in the Philippines

This article explores the technologies that can be used to establish smart farming in the Philippines, as well as the various smart systems that have been used to aid home-grown farmers. The emergence of smart agriculture and farming is a method that heavily integrates digital technology in order to increase food production while minimizing input costs. The importance of this technology has a significant effect on farmers and investors as a result of technological advancements. It should also be recognized that numerous promotions requiring government funding for the establishment of smart farming technology in the Philippines has been addressed. Keywords: Smart Farming; Hydroponics; Aquaponics; Aeroponics.

Deconstructing agronomic resource use efficiencies to increase food production

Highlights- Novel ideosystem method of analysing processes of food production, focussing on resource use efficiencies.- Interactions between resource use efficiencies are asymmetrical. - The ideosystem concept portrays how far a production system approaches maximum efficiency. Food production per unit land area needs to be increased, thus cropping systems need to use nutrients, water and solar radiation at as close to maximal efficiencies as possible. We deconstruct these efficiencies into their components to define a theoretical crop ideosystem, in which all resource use efficiencies are maximised. This defines an upper biological limit to food production. We then quantify the difference between maximum use efficiencies and those observed in three agronomic systems (maize, cocksfoot, sugarcane) and identify how, in actual farm systems, efficiencies can be raised to raise food production. We find that crop nutrient use efficiency can be limited by low water availability; thus adding nutrients would not raise production but adding water would. The converse situation of water use efficiency being affected by nutrition is not as evident. Ideosystem thinking can be used to define small- and large-scale agronomic systems that optimize water and nutrient use to maximise food production.

Global Trends of Green Pesticide Research from 1994 to 2019: A Bibliometric Analysis

The fast-growing world population places food production under enormous pressure to ensure food security. One of the most common methods to increase food production is the use of pesticides, but the continuous use thereof has numerous detrimental effects on the environment. The interest in biopesticides for a possible substitute has grown over the past two decades. To determine the research evolution of biopesticides (green pesticides), a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2019 was carried out. A total of 580 documents were found eligible in the Scopus database for this analysis. Parameters such as the number of articles, article citations, keywords, source impact, and countries of publication were used to analyse the documents and rank countries based on authors, productivity, article citations, and co-authorship. The analysis reveals production increased significantly from 2009 and has the most published documents in 2019 with a total of 74 articles. Asia’s most populous countries, India and China, were ranked first and second, respectively, and the USA third in terms of the most productive countries in the field of plant biopesticides. Countries in Europe and Africa however have fewer publications than expected in this field, given the fact that they are high consumers of pesticides. India, China, and the USA have 4.08%, 2.94%, and 12.5% multiple country publications (MCPs), respectively, with the USA having a stronger collaboration. Finally, there is a clear indication in this study that India and China are taking the lead in substituting synthetic pesticides with the alternative natural plant biopesticide.

PEMANFAATAN DAN OPTIMALISASI LAHAN KERING UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PALAWIJA DI DESA PUDAY KECAMATAN WONGEDUKU KABUPATEN KONAWE PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

Land is one of the potential natural resources to be developed optimally to increase local revenue. Based on the availability of water, land is grouped into two major groups, which are wetland and dry land (upland). The use of dry land for agriculture is often ignored by policy makers. Problems in dry land management vary in each region, both technical and socio-economic aspects. However, with the right strategy and technology, these problems can be overcome. Efforts to manage dry land to increase food production face problems, including steep slopes, low soil fertility, and water shortages. These problems need to be overcome by applying the right technology. Dry land management technology is available, including management of soil fertility, soil conservation, land rehabilitation, and efficient management of water resources. The problem is the weak dissemination of innovative technology to farmers and the slow adoption of this technology. Utilization of dry land to increase food production requires appropriate planning and strategies.