Duckweed based wastewater treatment (DWWT): design guidelines for hot climates

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Smith ◽  
I. Moelyowati
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Design Program ◽  
The Social

Conventional wastewater treatment systems are expensive in either investment or running costs. On the other hand, waste stabilisation ponds may be unable to meet effluent standards for nutrients. Wastewater treatment using duckweed therefore becomes more significant as an option capable of achieving effluent standards and generating revenue from selling the duckweed. However existing duckweed based wastewater treatment (DWWT) systems have high land requirements despite being able to reduce concentrations of organic compounds and pathogens to acceptable levels. Improved guidelines for the design of DWWT are necessary to obtain a reliable and cost-effective wastewater treatment plant using duckweed. This guideline provides a DWWT design program using spreadsheets for different configurations of wastewater treatment units using duckweed. The design program developed suggests that a combination of anaerobic ponds, DWWT systems and maturation ponds can minimise land requirements and capital costs while achieving specified effluent standards. In order to achieve effluent standards, the land required is typically from 1.5 to 1.8 m2/capita (excluding associated facilities), capital costs are in the range from 7.9 to 9.7 USD/capita, with a retention time from 15 to 18 days. Income generation is dependent mainly on the social and cultural acceptability of duckweed use within the community.

scholarly journals Quantitative Indicators of Social Sustainability and Determination of Their Interdependencies. Example Analysis for a Wastewater Treatment Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Popovic ◽  
Andrzej Kraslawski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Bipartite Network ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Social impact as growing concern is becoming an important aspect of the design and operation of wastewater treatment processes. A need has arisen for the development of quantitative indicators of social sustainability. Design and operation of wastewater treatment processes additionally require simple and effective methods to represent and understand the interconnections between the indicators of social sustainability. This paper presents an approach for the development of quantitative social sustainability indicators, and introduces a novel method for defining and visualizing indicator interdependence. It outlines equations for quantitative evaluation of health, safety and security, and comfort. Weighting method of the bipartite network of the relations between the indicators and stakeholders enables clear visualization of the interdependencies of the indicators and facilitates simplification of the set of social sustainability criteria. It creates a basis for reduction of amount of data needed for performing the analysis and reducing the social sustainability assessment’s costs.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of large municipal wastewater treatment plants treating over 100,000 PE in Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lindtner ◽  
H. Schaar ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Benchmarking System

During a six-year period the Austrian Benchmarking System was developed. The main objectives of this benchmarking system are the development of process indicators, identification of best performance and determination of cost reduction potentials. Since 2004 this system is operated via an internet platform and automated to a large extent. Every year twenty to thirty treatment plants use the web-based access to this benchmarking platform. The benchmarking procedure comprises data acquisition, data evaluation including reporting and organised exchange of experience for the treatment plant managers. The process benchmarking method links the real costs with four defined main processes and two support processes. For wastewater treatment plants with a design capacity >100,000 PE these processes are further split up into sub-processes. For each (sub-) process the operating costs are attributed to six cost elements. The specific total yearly costs and the yearly operating costs of all (sub-)processes are related to the measured mean yearly pollution load of the plant expressed in population equivalents (PE110: 110 gCOD/d corresponding to 60 g BOD5/d)). The specific capital costs are related to the design capacity (PE). The paper shows the benchmarking results of 6 Austrian plants with a design capacity >100,000 PE representing approximately 30% of the Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plant capacity.

Ultraviolet Disinfection in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maarschalkerweerd ◽  
Rory Murphy ◽  
Gail Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pilot and full-scale studies of UV disinfection of wastewater have demonstrated that the process could consistently meet an effluent fecal coliform standard of 200/100 mL or less, depending on suspended solids and UV transmission. Since 1984 over three hundred systems have been installed at municipal wastewater treatment plants in North America. The majority of these are in treatment plants which have been using chlorination. The UV systems have been retrofitted into the existing chlorine contact tanks or existing channels. The capital costs of retrofitting compare favourably to the costs of upgrading chlorination systems, especially when de-chlorination equipment is required. As experience is gained in the operation of these UV systems, their performance has been monitored for their disinfection efficiency and cost of operation. Several installations are examined and their performance and costs analyzed. The evidence to date supports the premise that UV disinfection can meet demands for reliable effluent disinfection in a cost effective manner.

Cost-Effective Dewatering of Municipal Treatment Plant Sludges Using Belt Presses

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
W. N. Clarke ◽  
Ed. Hodges ◽  
Robert J. Ooten
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt Filter Press

An evaluation was conducted at the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County (CSDOC) which led to the purchase and installation of the belt filter presses currently in use. A selection process was made including pre-qualification of bidders after an exhaustive nationwide search and study of all known existing belt filter press facilities. Subsequent methods were employed for purchasing belt filter presses of the same make and manufacturer. Operating experiences and maintenance costs as well as minor modifications which were found to be desirable were documented. The paper will discuss in some detail the design criteria, capacity, polymer addition system, performance at CSDOC Plant No. 1 and Plant No. 2, sludge characteristics and the effect of chemical conditioning. Discussion regarding operation and maintenance criteria, such as staffing, operating and maintenance modes, operational checks, belt life and belt specification, safety ventilation required for the removal of odorous materials and hydrogen sulfide, data recording, and polymer dosing is included. Cost considerations, including capital costs, as well as operating and maintenance costs for the past five years are covered.

A quantitative risk analysis tool for design/simulation of wastewater treatment plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bixio ◽  
G. Parmentier ◽  
D. Rousseau ◽  
F. Verdonck ◽  
J. Meirlaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Uncertainty is a central concept in the decision-making process, especially when dealing with biological systems subject to large natural variations. In the design of activated sludge systems, a conventional approach in dealing with uncertainty is implicitly translating it into above-normal safety factors, which in some cases may even increase the capital investments by an order of magnitude. To obviate this problem, an alternative design approach explicitly incorporating uncertainty is herein proposed. A probabilistic Monte Carlo engine is coupled to deterministic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) models. The paper provides a description of the approach and a demonstration of the general adequacy of the method. The procedure is examined in an upgrade of a conventional WWTP towards stricter effluent standards on nutrients. The results suggest that the procedure can support the decision-making process under uncertainty conditions and that it can enhance the likelihood of meeting effluent standards without entailing above-normal capital investments. The analysis led to reducing the capital investment by 43%, producing savings of more than 1.2 million euro.

SimuWorks™: A Cost-Effective Model-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant “Flight Simulator” and Training Tool for WWTP Operators

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (16) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank Andres ◽  
Spencer Snowling ◽  
Dan McKinnon ◽  
Mark Bainbridge ◽  
Oliver Schraa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Model Based ◽  
And Training

Clay–starch combination for micropollutants removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mohd Amin ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

In this study, a new, more effective and cost-effective treatment alternative is investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP-eff). The potential of combining clay with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is further highlighted. Flocculation is viewed as the best method to get the optimum outcome from clay. In addition, flocculation with cationic starch increases the biodegradability and cost of the treatment. Clay is naturally abundantly available and relatively inexpensive compared to conventional adsorbents. Experimental studies were carried out with existing naturally occurring pharmaceutical concentrations found and measured in WWTP-eff with atrazine spiking for comparison between the demineralised water and WWTP-eff matrix. Around 70% of the total measured pharmaceutical compounds were removable by the clay–starch combination. The effect of clay with and without starch addition was also highlighted.

Enhanced digestion with EXELYS™-DLD – a direct pathway to a sustainable and cost effective wastewater treatment plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (2) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gurieff ◽  
Bente Nielsen ◽  
Ole Fritz Adeler ◽  
Jason Boyd ◽  
Michele Kline
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Direct Pathway
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