Benthic community structure of the Bosphorus and surrounding area

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uysal ◽  
A. Yüksek ◽  
E. Okuş ◽  
N. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Current System ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Other Hand

Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic communities around the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus) and the effect of lower layer discharge on these communities have been evaluated during studies between FebruaryÐDecember 1999. Mytilus galloprovincialis was the dominant species with fasies at the Black Sea station that is not affected by the strait lower layer current system. On the other hand, another Black Sea station, influenced by the strait lower layer currents, has a similar biota to the strait stations. Species richness and diversity is highest in the strait than other areas. The dominant species is Maera grossimana. However, the station located at the Black Sea exit of the strait has a different biota, and various groups/species appeared to be dominant. Melinna palmata is the dominant species at the Sea of Marmara during the study period. Low dissolved oxygen values of lower layer and soft substratum of sediment resulted in wide distribution of Melinna palmata, adapted to these conditions. The closer stations to the strait in the Sea of Marmara have higher diversity as a result of hydrodynamic processes. On the other hand, coastal stations with low currents and inputs have lower index values, showing the negative effect of discharges and pollution.

Nutrient distribution in the Bosphorus and surrounding areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Okuş ◽  
A. Aslan-Yilmaz ◽  
A. Yüksek ◽  
S. Taş ◽  
V. Tüfekçi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Northwestern Shelf

As part of a five years monitoring project “Water Quality Monitoring of the Strait of Istanbul”, February-December 1999 nutrient dynamics of the Black Sea-the Sea of Marmara transect are studied to evaluate the effect of discharges given by deep disposals. Through a one-year study, upper layer nutrient concentrations were generally under the effect of northwestern-shelf Black Sea originated waters. This effect was strictly observed in July, when the upper layer flow was the thickest. On the other hand, partly in November but especially in December the northwestern-shelf Black Sea originated water flow was a minimum resulting in similar concentrations in both layers. Nutrient fluctuations also affected the chlorophyll a and POC concentrations as parameters of productivity. The nutrient concentrations decreased with the effect of spring bloom and highest chlorophyll a values were detected in November at Strait stations that did not match to the Sea of Marmara values. This fact represents the time-scale difference between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. On the contrary, high nutrient concentrations in the lower layer (especially inorganic phosphate), and therefore low N:P ratios reflect the effect of deep discharge. Vertical mixing caused by meteorological conditions of the shallow station (M3) under the effect of surface discharges resulted in homogenous distribution of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations of the stations affected by deep discharge showed that the two-layer stratification of the system did not permit the discharge mix to the upper layer.

scholarly journals ANALYZING FLOW ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE BOSPHORUS STRAIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mehmet Özturk ◽  
Cihan Sahin ◽  
Yalcin Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Layered Flow ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Current Energy

Ocean currents represent a potentially notable, currently untapped, reservoir of energy. The regions with strong current velocities such as narrow straits connecting two water bodies exhibit high current energy (power) potential especially where the water depths are relatively shallow (EECA, 2009). The Bosphorus, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, is a typical narrow sea strait that generally exhibits a two-layered flow pattern: the upper layer current flows south towards the Sea of Marmara while the underlying current flows in opposite direction towards the Black Sea (Yüksel et al., 2008). The predominant mechanisms for the upper and lower layer flows are the higher water level of the Black Sea and the denser water of the Sea of Marmara, respectively.

‘Brown-Clay’ Amphorae from Gonio (Apsaros)

Światowit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Paulina Komar
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Local Production ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Brown Clay

This paper presents the first study of the so-called ‘brown-clay’ amphorae discovered by the Gonio-Apsaros Polish-Georgian Expedition in the Roman fort of Apsaros (modern Gonio, Georgia) between 2014 and 2018. In the course of five excavation seasons, 157 diagnostic fragments of these containers were attested, all belonging to variants Ch 1B2 and Ch 1C dated to between c. 50 BC and the 3rd century AD. Thus, they confirm the existence of the Apsaros fortress during the first three centuries of the present era. Both Colchian and south-eastern Pontic containers were found in Apsaros, the latter produced probably in Trapezus. This suggests the south-eastern Pontic provenance of some of the imports in Apsaros, especially until the end of the 1st century AD. On the other hand, local production of containers indicates that the area of the fortress might have produced food surpluses (probably wine), which during the late 1st and throughout the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD were exported to other areas neighbouring the Black Sea.

RESVERATROL IN KUBAN WINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-942
Author(s):  
Troshin L. P. ◽  
Milovanov A. V. ◽  
Guguchkina ◽  
Prakh A. V. ◽  
Beliakova Е. А.
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western European ◽  
Grape Varieties

Purpose: The main purpose of viticulture is to improve the quality of the grapes, both to a greater extent for ampelotherapy and winemaking, and, to a lesser extent, to onotherapy. Methodology: The article highlights the results of perennial (from 2014) studies of 18 promising technical grape varieties from different zones of the Krasnodar Territory: Anapo-Taman, Central, as well as Amur from the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Territory and two control Western European world-famous and most common varieties Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon in the same zones. Result: The average values of resveratrol were found in wine materials from the varieties Vladimir and Dmitry (4.7 mg / dm3), Podlesny (3.9 mg / dm3), Saperavi Severny (3.5 mg / dm3), 40 let Octiabria (3.3 mg / dm3), Kurchansky and 40 let Pobedy (3.0 and 2.9 mg / dm3, respectively). On the other hand, as shown by the analysis of wine materials, the Antaris, Varyushkin, Mitsar and Plechistik varieties synthesize a lower content of resveratrol (1.0 and 0.9 mg / dm3, respectively). Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of resveratrol in Kuban wines is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

Quantitative comparison of the influxes of nutrients and organic carbon into the Sea of Marmara both from anthropogenic sources and from the Black Sea

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tugrul ◽  
Colpan Polat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Golden Horn

The Sea of Marmara, an intercontinental basin with two narrow and shallow straits permitting the exchange of the Mediterranean and Black Sea waters, receives 2.8×104 tons TP (total phosphorus), 2.7×105 tons TN (total nitrogen) and 1.9×106 tons TOC (total organic carbon) per year from the Black Sea inflow, from the lower layer by vertical mixing and from anthropogenic inputs of various origins including riverine discharges. The Black Sea input through the Bosphorus constitutes about 35, 64 and 77 %, respectively, of the total annual loads of TP, TN and TOC entering the Marmara surface waters. Pollution loadings from Istanbul make up a major fraction (40-65%) of the total anthropogenic discharges. The biochemical properties of the productive Marmara upper layer appear to be dominated by the inputs both from its lower layer by vertical mixing and from the Black Sea throughout the year. Pollution discharges from Istanbul have secondary importance for the nutrient and organic carbon pools of the Marmara Sea; however, the land-based chemical pollution has drastically modified the ecosystem of coastal margins and semi-enclosed bays (e.g. Golden Horn, Izmit and Gemlik) where water exchanges with the open sea are limited. Biologically labile nutrients increasingly exported from the Black Sea in the spring-early summer, are compensated by importation from the Marmara Sea through the Bosphorus underflow. The less labile dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon input from the Black Sea appears to reach as far as the Aegean basin of the Northeastern Mediterranean in 4-5 months without contributing to the net production in the Marmara Sea.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Diffusion Coefficients and Power Exponents from Single Lagrangian Trajectories

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Ivanov ◽  
Collins A. Collins ◽  
Tetyana Margolina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Current System ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
California Current ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Gaussian

Using discrete wavelets, a novel technique is developed to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients and power exponents from single Lagrangian particle trajectories. The technique differs from the classical approach (Davis (1991)’s technique) because averaging over a statistical ensemble of the mean square displacement (<X2>) is replaced by averaging along a single Lagrangian trajectory X(t) = {X(t), Y(t)}. Metzler et al. (2014) have demonstrated that for an ergodic (for example, normal diffusion) flow, the mean square displacement is <X2> = limT→∞τX2(T,s), where τX2 (T, s) = 1/(T − s) ∫0T−s(X(t+Δt) − X(t))2 dt, T and s are observational and lag times but for weak non-ergodic (such as super-diffusion and sub-diffusion) flows <X2> = limT→∞≪τX2(T,s)≫, where ≪…≫ is some additional averaging. Numerical calculations for surface drifters in the Black Sea and isobaric RAFOS floats deployed at mid depths in the California Current system demonstrated that the reconstructed diffusion coefficients were smaller than those calculated by Davis (1991)’s technique. This difference is caused by the choice of the Lagrangian mean. The technique proposed here is applied to the analysis of Lagrangian motions in the Black Sea (horizontal diffusion coefficients varied from 105 to 106 cm2/s) and for the sub-diffusion of two RAFOS floats in the California Current system where power exponents varied from 0.65 to 0.72. RAFOS float motions were found to be strongly non-ergodic and non-Gaussian.

scholarly journals First record of the Combtooth Blenny, Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) (Pisces, Blenniidae), for the Italian Ionian Sea

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tiralongo ◽  
R. Baldacconi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean

Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) is an endemic blenny of the Mediterranean Sea. It is also known from the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. However, unlike other species of combtooth blennies, M. adriaticus is a fish with a limited distribution in Adriatic Sea, especially in the north, where it can be common. We report here the first record of this species from the waters of the Ionian Sea.

Settlement of early Byzantine time at the Kyz-Aul necropolis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ф. Федосеев ◽  
Л.Ю. Пономарев
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Living Room ◽  
The South ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Village ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Early Byzantine

Necropolis Kyz-Aul is located on the Black Sea coast, 1 km to the south-east of the village. Yakovenkovo. In 1930, 1979–1983, 1985, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2005–2006, 2015–2017, he was investigated by Yu. Martti, O. Chevelev, N. Sudarev and N. Fedoseev. Separate burials date back to the II–I BC, the burial of the I–III AD the most recent burials, apparently, were committed in the IV–V AD. In the VI – third quarter of the VII century AD on the territory of the already abandoned necropolis, a small settlement was located. Its cultural stratum is traced on all sites that have been followed in the last decade. As living quarters, the looted crypts of the 1st–3rd centuries AD were adapted, consisting of one or two funerary cells and built of massive blocks of limestone (№ 6, 7, 9, 10). With exception of the crypts of the poorly preserved pit of the semidugout (?) other residential and household buildings on the necropolis could not be fixed. One child burial also belongs to the same period. The most well-preserved living room in the crypt number 6. In one of its funerary cells housed five household pits and heating devices, including a fireplace, reminiscent of the design of the fireplace. In the other crypts, the interior details of the “underground” dwellings have not been preserved. In the “Khazar” time burial chamber crypts were adapted for the maintenance of small cattle. The time of the early Byzantine settlement on the necropolis dates numerous finds of amphorae. The upper date was determined thanks to the coin of 674 Constantine IV Pogonat. In addition, a ring with the image of an archangel was found, an analogy of which is known in the burial complexes of the 7th century. Unfortunately, the area and location of the necropolis of this settlement is not yet established. Cannot be reconstructed and its layout. It is difficult to reconstruct the interior of the “underground” dwellings themselves, since the crypts were reused in the “Khazar” period. In addition, no other settlements of this time were found on the ancient necropolises of the Kerch Peninsula

Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, with descriptions of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5060 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
SEVGI KUŞ ◽  
GÜLEY KURT ◽  
MELIH ERTAN ÇINAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Sea Coast

The present paper deals with the diversity of nephtyid polychaetes (Nephtyidae) from the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Three species belonging to two genera (Micronephthys and Nephtys) were found in the Black Sea (coast of Turkey) and six species belonging to three genera (Inermonephtys, Micronephthys and Nephtys) were found in the Sea of Marmara. The material includes two species new to science, Inermonephtys turcica n. sp. and Nephtys sinopensis n. sp., and a species record (Nephtys kersivalensis McIntosh, 1908) new to the Sea of Marmara’s marine fauna. Nephtys sinopensis n. sp. is mainly characterized by having 1–4 geniculate chaetae in the postacicular position of the parapodia; digitiform antennae, palps, and ventral cirri at chaetiger 1 with swollen tips; small and cirriform branchiae present from chaetiger 4 to the end of the body; poorly developed parapodial prechaetal lamellae in median and posterior chaetigers and long ventral cirri along the body. Inermonephtys turcica n. sp. is mainly characterized by having cushion-like palps with digitiform tips; well developed neuropodial postchaetal lamellae; barred chaetae in preacicular position of the anterior and median parapodia; and branchiae first appearing between chaetiger 3 and 13 (depending on body size).  

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