Effects of seasonal variation in precipitation on estimation of non-point source pollution

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-C. Lin ◽  
J.-J. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
Upstream Catchment

The extent of nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) generated from upstream catchment areas of a reservoir is normally estimated based on a design rainfall. However, rainfall generally varies in different seasons. This seasonal change may significantly influence the estimation of runoff volume and associated NPSP arising within a reservoir watershed. The NPSP management, reservoir operation, and water treatment operation strategies developed based on the estimation will also be altered. This study analyzes the effects of monthly and seasonal variation in precipitation on the estimation of pollution levels from non-point sources in a reservoir watershed. The area studied is the Derchi reservoir watershed located in central Taiwan. This watershed is subdivided into twenty-six sub-watersheds, and the Thiessen method is used to determine the rainfall intensity in each sub-watershed. Runoff pattern and NPSP contributions for each sub-watershed are estimated using the AGNPS model. Results show significant seasonal variation in precipitation; estimated NPSP loads likewise vary significantly over time. Seven- to one hundred-fold differences among monthly and seasonal estimations of phosphorus and sediment loads are observed.

scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water and Sediments of Earthen Fish Ponds in South Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Joseph Kiyuka Nyaundi ◽  
Albert Getabu ◽  
James Onchieku ◽  
Zachary Kinaro ◽  
Samuel Bassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Upstream Catchment

Persistent organochlorine residues in the environment are a threat to ecological health of aquatic organisms and pose a health risk to both animals and human consumers. Organochlorine pesticides were determined in water and sediments collected during wet and dry season from selected riverine and earthen fish pond sites in high altitude catchment areas within Kuja River (Kenya) between August 2016–May, 2017. Analysis of DDT and metabolites, Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) isomers and cyclodienes using a gas chromatograph (GC), and electron capture detector (ECD), confirmed using GC - Mass Spectrometry (MS). Mean (± Standard error) results of DDTs, cyclodienes and HCHs in pond waters were:- below detection level (BDL) to 0.27±0.03µg/L, BDL to 0.11±0.00µg/L, and 4.39±1.01µg/L respectively; and BDL to 0.23±0.01µg/L, 1.20±0.005µg/L, and 1.71±0.02µg/L in river water respectively. Sediment mean OCPs contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher for Dieldrin (3.043±0.43µg/kg), Endrin (2.56±0.460µg/kg), Heptachlor (3.61±0.02µg/kg) DDT (2.97±1.32µg/kg), Endosulfan (6.31.27±1.051µg/kg), Methoxychlor (2.15±1.641µg/kg) and Lindane (2.96±1.32µg/kg), respectively. A longitudinal spatial distribution pattern was noted for both water and sediment OCPs contents, demonstrating that cyclodienes are predominant contaminants in point and non-point sources in water courses. The study recommends continuous monitoring of OCPs in upstream catchment areas for informed management and policy decisions on pesticide use. Keywords: Kuja-Migori River; Organic contaminants; Organochlorine Pesticide.

Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Catchment Area of Neusiedlersee/Fertö, Austria/Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. v. d. Emde ◽  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
N. Matsché ◽  
F. Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
G. Spatzierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The One

Neusiedlersee (in German) / Fertö tó (in Hungarian) is a shallow lake at the Austro-Hungarian border. In the late 1970s, the question arose what to do in order to protect the lake against eutrophication. A preliminary report established the need for point-source control as well as gave first estimates for non-point source inputs. The proposed point-source control was quickly implemented, non-point sources were - among other topics - studied in detail in the period 1982 - 1986. The preliminary work had shown, based on integrated sampling and data from literature, that the aeolic input outweighed the one via water erosion (work was for totP only). In contrast to this, the 1982 - 1986 study showed that (a) water erosion by far dominates over aeolic inputs and (b) the size of nonpoint-source inputs was assessed for the largest catchment area in pronounced detail, whereas additional estimates were undertaken for smaller additional catchment areas. The methods as well as the results are presented in the following. The paper concludes with some remarks on the present management practice of nonpoint-source inputs.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Kaurenoic Acid, a Hypoglycemic Diterpene Present in Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisiane Faccio V. Bresciania ◽  
Rosendo Augusto Yunes ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Luis Eduardo De Oliveira ◽  
Kauê Leal Bóf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Hypoglycemic Diterpene

We evaluated the variation of the concentration of kaurenoic acid (1), which is a bioactive diterpene, in leaves, flowers, stems and roots from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) for different seasons using the HRGC/FID method. The results indicated that the concentration of 1 is higher in the roots and stems during the autumn. The pharmacological results suggested that kaurenoic acid is responsible, at least in part, for the hypoglycemic potential detected in this plant.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry and surface water quality assessment of IB valley coalfield area, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Sahoo ◽  
Himanshu Bhushan Sahu ◽  
Dhruti Sundar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nickel Aluminum ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cadmium Selenium ◽  
High Degree

AbstractCoal mining and ancillary activities have the potential to cause water pollution characterized by acid mine drainage, acid mine leachates, extreme pH conditions and heavy metal contaminations. In the present work, 33 water samples in premonsoon and 34 water samples in monsoon were collected from the surface water bodies of Ib Valley coalfield, India for hydrogeochemical analysis. In premonsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Magnesium, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel, Aluminum and in monsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Iron, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel and Aluminum were nonconforming to the permissible limit set by the Bureau of Indian Standards, World Health Organisation and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. The average BOD/COD ratio of less than 0.6 in both seasons indicated Ib valley coalfield water was not fairly biodegradable. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) was observed in the hydro-chemical parameters viz. TSS, turbidity, redox potential, acidity, total hardness, bicarbonate alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, cadmium, chromium and magnesium during the entire sampling period. Whereas, no significant seasonal variation (p > 0.05) was observed in pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, residual chlorine, COD, oil and grease, fluoride, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, nickel, aluminum, boron, silica, temperature, salinity, cyanide and phenol. Water Quality Index revealed that 39.39% and 35.29% samples belong to poor water quality category in premonsoon and monsoon, respectively. As per Heavy Metal Pollution Index, Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Heavy metal evaluation index, medium degree of pollution were exhibited by 51.52%, 30.30% and 45.45% samples in premonsoon and 20.59%, 35.29% and 26.47% samples in monsoon. Whereas, 5.88%, 2.94% and 5.88% samples were having high degree of pollution in monsoon and 15.15% samples caused high degree of pollution with respect to Cd in premonsoon. However, EC, Na%, PI, SAR and RSC values suggested that the water can be used for irrigation. Water type of the region had been found to be Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 by Piper diagram.

Seasonal Variability in Middepth Gyral Circulation Patterns in the Central East/Japan Sea as Revealed by Long-Term Argo Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sok Kuh Kang ◽  
Young Ho Seung ◽  
Jong Jin Park ◽  
Jae-Hun Park ◽  
Jae Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Japan Basin ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Columns

AbstractTrajectories of Argo floats deployed in the East/Japan Sea from 2001 to 2014 reveal that the middepth gyral circulation pattern of the Japan basin, the central part of the East/Japan Sea, undergoes a seasonal variation. The middepth circulation of the Japan basin is found to be characterized usually by the gyres trapped to the east of the Bogorov Rise (E-gyres) and those extending farther westward into the whole basin (BW-gyres). The E-gyre trajectories are generally associated with the turning of the floats toward deeper regions off the isobaths. This occurs in winter either on the northern or eastern side of the eastern Japan basin. It seems that the upstream part of the otherwise BW-gyre is subject to a strong negative wind stress curl in winter, and there the circulating water columns are driven toward the deeper region, thus triggering the formation of the E-gyre. The topographic effect associated with the Bogorov Rise seems to interfere thereafter in the process of determining the passage of the E-gyre. Otherwise, the water columns continue to flow along the isobaths, hence maintaining the BW-gyre. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first observational evidence of seasonal variability in the middepth gyral circulation pattern in the East/Japan Sea. It suggests that oceanic middepth circulation, usually known to be quasi steady or slowly varying on climatological time scales, might also undergo a significant seasonal variation as it does in the East/Japan Sea.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical attributes of water of Hakaluki Haor, Sylhet, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Md Tajul Islam ◽  
M Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Hassan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Water quality assessment has been carried out in the Hakaluki Haor of greater Sylhet district during May, 2013 to February, 2014. Water samples were collected from 5 spots during 4 seasons and a total of 15 physico-chemical parameters were studied. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all seasons among physico-chemical parameters. pH values varied from 5.9 - 7.1, water temperature varied from 23.7 – 26.7OC, transference varied from 23-53 cm, TSS varied from 18.1-192 mg/l, TDS varied 25-193.5 mg/l, EC varied from 30-680 ?s/cm , DO content of water varied from 4.6 - 5.6mg/l, BOD varied from 0.2-2.614 mg/l, COD varied from 38-312 mg/l, NO3-N varied from 0.1-30.4 mg/l, NH3 varied from 0.9-2.18 mg/l, alkalinity varied from 12-42 mg/l and PO4 varied from 0.9 -13.4 (mg/l). Agricultural and inorganic pollutants have been observed as the main causes of the Haor water pollution.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 67-72, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Mucormycosis in the Eastern Mediterranean: a seasonal disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. AL-AJAM ◽  
A. R. BIZRI ◽  
J. MOKHBAT ◽  
J. WEEDON ◽  
L. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Mucormycosis is a fairly rare fungal infection caused by ubiquitous fungi of the order Mucorales and primarily affects immunocompromised hosts. A series of 16 cases of invasive mucormycosis admitted to three referral centres in Beirut, Lebanon between 1981 and 1999 is described. It includes 12 patients with rhinocerebral, three with cutaneous, and one with pulmonary infection. Onset of symptoms occurred in the summer and autumn in 15 out of 16 patients, showing a statistically significant seasonal variation (P=0·007) A recent report of 19 patients from Tel Aviv describes a strikingly similar seasonal pattern. Studies on atmospheric concentration of Mucorales spores in the Eastern Mediterranean are lacking. Weather pattern analysis in Beirut revealed clustering of onset of invasive mucormycosis at the end of a dry, warm period, which begins around May and ends in October. Mucormycosis incidence appears to be seasonal in the Eastern Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and change trends for quit smoking: evidence from Internet search engine query data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Dingtao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lou ◽  
Nana Meng ◽  
Qiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: The outcomes of smoking have generated considerable clinical interest in recent years. Although people from different countries are more interested to the topic of quit smoking during the winter, few studies have tested this hypothesis. The current study aimed to quantify public interest in quit smoking via Google.Methods: We use Google Trends to obtain the Internet search query volume for terms relating to quit smoking for major northern and southern hemisphere countries in this research. Normally search volumes for the term “quit smoking + stop smoking + smoking cessation” were retrieved within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia from January 2004 to December 2018. Seasonal effects were investigated using cosinor analysis and seasonal decomposition of time series models.Results: Significant seasonal variation patterns in those search terms were revealed by cosinor analysis and demonstrated by the evidence from Google Trends analysis in the representative countries including the USA (pcos = 2.36×10-7), the UK (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Canada (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Ireland (pcos <2.00×10-16) ,Australia (pcos = 5.13×10-6) and New Zealand (pcos = 4.87×10-7). Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trends with peaks in winter / late autumn by repeating in nearly all years. The overall trend of search volumes, observed by dynamic series analysis, declined from 2004 to 2018.Conclusions: The preliminary evidence from Google Trends search tool showed a significant seasonal variation and decreasing trend for the RSV of quit smoking. Our novel findings in smoking cessation epidemiology need to be verified with further studies, and the mechanisms underlying these findings must be clarified.

Vitamin D (25-OH) concentrations in hospitalized patients, outpatients and dialysis patients depending on seasonal variation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Magdalena Maria Ostrowska ◽  
Ewa Szulc-Mysińska ◽  
Dagna Bobilewicz ◽  
Marta Faryna
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Global Health Problem

Vitamin D deficiency, which is a global health problem, may result in numerous diseases, such as rickets in children and osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults. The occurrence of the above-mentioned disorders is promoted by the wintertime and higher latitudes. The aim of the study was to compare the concentrations of vitamin D (25-OH) in hospitalized patients and outpatients in different seasons of the year (summer and winter), as well as in dialysis patients in December and May. The Roche test for the quantitativedetermination of total vitamin D (25-OH) was used in the study. The range from 30 to 80 ng/ml was accepted as the optimum concentration. In hospitalized patients and outpatients, both in summer and winter mean concentration of vitamin D (25-OH) reached the values below 30 ng/ml in over 80% of the patients. Only in the hospitalized patient group mean concentration of vitamin D (25-OH) in the summer was significantly higher than in the winter (p=0.0016). In the dialysis patients mean concentration of vitamin (25-OH) in May was significantly higher than in December (p=0.0085) and the percent of the results below 30 ng/ml amounted to 96.39% in December and 77.27% in May. In conclusion, the 25(OH)D concentrations in the whole population under study are lower than those recommended and undergo periodical seasonal changes in hospitalized patients.

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