Effects of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the toxicity of a mixture of pharmaceuticals

The possibility of applying main AOP techniques, namely ozonation, H2O2/UV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis to provide a significant reduction of toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures has been evaluated. For the preparation of the mixture six pharmaceuticals were chosen among those found at highest concentrations in Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, namely carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin and propranolol. The blue-green alga Synechococcus leopoliensis and the rotifer Brachyonus calyciflorus were utilised to assess the toxicity of the mixtures after AOP treatments. All the toxicity tests were performed using chronic standardized bioassays. The best results were obtained with ozonation. With this type of treatment a complete removal of mixture toxicity on S. leopolensis was obtained even after the shortest time of application (1 min). The ozonation treatment leads also to removal of all the pharmaceutical mixture toxicity on B. calyciflorus, by applying the oxidizing agent for at least for 2 minutes.

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Size fractionation of COD in urban wastewater from a combined sewer system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0698 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Marani ◽

V. Renzi ◽

R. Ramadori ◽

C.M. Braguglia

Keyword(s):

Large Fraction ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Size Fractionation ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Physical Fractionation ◽

Coagulation Tests

The objective of this work was to determine the partitioning of the pollutant load in urban wastewater in order to improve the conventional sewage treatment. In addition to settling tests, physical fractionation of COD in the degritted influent of Roma-Nord sewage treatment plant was performed via sequential filtration through sieves and membrane filters of the following pore size: 150-100-50-25-1-0.2 μm, and 100 kD (about 0.02 μm). Biodegradability studies were also performed on the different size fractions. Size fractionation showed that COD in Roma-Nord sewage is predominantly associated with settleable and supracolloidal (> 1 μm) particles, each size range including about 40% of total COD. Biodegradability tests indicated that the large fraction of COD associated with supracolloidal particles, which are not removed in the primary treatment, is characterised by slow degradability. This suggests that removal of these particles prior to biological treatment may greatly improve the overall treatment scheme. Preliminary pilot plant coagulation tests with lime at pH 9 showed that lime-enhanced primary treatment may increase COD removal efficiencies from typical 30-35% up to 65-70%, by inducing almost complete removal of the COD fraction associated with supracolloidal particles.

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Hazard Assessment of Wastewater Discharges – A Confluence of Biological and Physical Parameters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0289 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (8-9) ◽

pp. 869-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. B. Pols

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Mutagenicity Test ◽

Biological Tests ◽

Micro Organisms

In order to develop a criteria system for assessing the environmental hazards associated with wastewater discharges, a research project was initiated to investigate the suitability of tests commonly used in the assessment of single substances. Toxicity tests with micro-organisms, algae, waterflea and fish, a mutagenicity test and a RPLC-based method were applied to industrial effluents and sewage treatment plant effluents. The biological tests, including the Ames Salmonella test, showed good applicability/sewage treatment plant effluents being a proper reference. The RPLC-analysis on the contrary needs to be further investigated and optimized. Special attention has to be paid to the interpreting of the results from these laboratory tests in relation to possible adverse effects in the receiving surface waters.

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The Feasibility of Tubular Reverse Osmosis for Water Reclamation on a Large Scale

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0257 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 299-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. A. Slim ◽

D. G. Devey ◽

J. W. Vail

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Potable Water ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Water Reclamation ◽

Pre Treatment

The City of Port Elizabeth designed its main sewage treatment works with water reclamation in mind and, as the reverse osmosis process, in earlier pilot plant investigations, had shown promise in its ability to produce potable water from a sewage works tertiary effluent, a full scale tubular reverse osmosis (RO) plant was installed and operated for about 12 000 hours. The investigation showed that, although renovated water of high quality can consistently be produced under normal sewage treatment plant operating conditions, using existing plant operating personnel, frequent mechanical and instrument failures indicated the need for more reliable equipment. Feed flow to the plant averaged 25 475 1/hr with a product recovery rate of 67.5%. A 13% reduction in peak standard flux occurred, indicating that membrane fouling could be controlled within acceptable limits even though the feed received no pre-treatment other than rapid sand filtration and chlorination. No abnormal degradation of the membrane was indicated. The results obtained indicated that chemically the product was of good potable quality with the possible exception of the levels of ammoniacal nitrogen, phenols and organic pollution indicators. Bacteriological quality of the product was not satisfactory but this could easily be rectified by the provision of adequate post disinfection. Daphnia pulex toxicity tests indicated that the RO product was on occasion undesirable for human consumption. The total cost of the RO product was R l.86/kl. Although the tubular RO process has great potential for producing potable water from a tertiary sewage effluent without pre-treatment, a further stage of post-treatment is probably necessary to remove micro-pollutants.

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Aerobic biodegradation of 3-chlorophenol in a sequencing batch reactor: effect of cometabolism

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0653 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 235-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Chiavola ◽

R. Baciocchi ◽

R.L. Irvine ◽

R. Gavasci ◽

P. Sirini

Keyword(s):

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Active Phase ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Aerobic Biodegradation ◽

Lag Period ◽

Time Required

The aim of the present study was to investigate how phenol modifies, through cometabolism, the biodegrading capability of 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) in a sequencing batch reactor seeded with a mixed culture obtained from a domestic sewage treatment plant. Two laboratory-scale SBRs, one fed 3-CP only and the other fed 3-CP and phenol in the same concentration, were seeded with the partially acclimated biomass. The removal capability in both reactors was measured for progressive increases in the feed organic loading. Cometabolism enhanced biodegradation of 3-CP by reducing both the initial lag period and the time required for the complete removal. 700 mg/L 3-CP was demonstrated to be the highest concentration, which could be completely degraded during the active phase (fill plus react) either in the presence or absence of phenol as the growth substrate even though the lag period was shorter when phenol was present. The operating strategy required modification for the complete removal of 800 mg/L 3-CP. An increase in the phenol to 3-CP ratio did, however, improve 3-CP degradation rate.

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The survey on odor emission characteristics in a sewage treatment plant by using passive samplers

Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment ◽

10.15250/joie.2014.13.1.20 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 20-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Han-Soo Kim ◽

◽

Suk-Jun Lee ◽

Yong-Jeong Lee ◽

Sun-Tae Kim

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Odor Emission

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Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

Pollack Periodica ◽

10.1556/606.2020.15.2.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 142-151

Author(s):

Peter Lukac ◽

Lubos Jurik

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Phosphorus Recovery ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽

The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operation

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-007-0049-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maciej Walczak

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Plant Operation ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Microbial Indices

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operationThis paper reports the results of studies of microbiological changes in the water quality of the Vistula and Brda rivers after the opening of sewage treatment plants in Bydgoszcz. The study involved determining the microbiological parameters of water quality. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the quality of the water in both rivers had improved decidedly after the opening of the plants, although an increased number of individual groups of microorganisms was found at the treated sewage outlet from one of the plants.

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