Effluent-free papermaking: industrial experiences and latest developments in the German paper industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Hamm ◽  
S. Schabel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Water System ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
White Water ◽  
Packaging Paper

Thanks to multiple recirculation of process water, the German paper industry has succeeded in decreasing the specific fresh water demand from an average of 50 m3/t thirty years ago to 13 m3/t today. Although the increasing closure of white water loops creates many problems, it is bound to be part of the German paper industry's ongoing development. For a few years, in the production of packaging paper, two paper mills have been running with a totally closed water system including different process water treatment plants as ‘kidneys’. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the pros and cons of closed process water systems followed by significant examples of effluent-free production of corrugating medium and test liner. Additionally, operation experiences and economic aspects are discussed.

Cod Removal in a Closed Water Circuit of a Papermill by an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Barascud ◽  
F. Ehlinger ◽  
M. Pichon ◽  
J. Rouger
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Water System ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Closed Water

In waste paper processing mills, entirely closed process water systems cause high specific polluting problems, deteriorate the quality of the paper produced and corrode the equipment. Operating an anaerobic fluidized bed on part of the circulating water could make it possible to achieve lower dissolved organic concentration in the closed process water system. Laboratory experiments have been carried out according to the following flow-sheet : Water circuit; Acidification tank; Fluidized bed. When the anaerobic treatment is added to the water circuit, COD removal is 75% in the circuit and 65% in the acidification tank. Consequently, until reaching steady state, the organic load entering the fluidized bed decreases continuously from 28.75 to 9.86 kg COD/m3 d−l without disturbing biomass activity. From a mass balance, a mathematical model is drawn to check the COD removal in the water circuit and study the transitory period. Efficient fluidized bed performances are achieved even with high organic load (28.75 kgCOD/m3d−1) 52% to 75% COD removal are obtained in the water circuit respectively within 75 and 24 hours. The treated water represents a very small part of the circulating water. To achieve 52% COD removal the equivalent of 0.5 m3/t produced paper is treated. For a 75% COD removal efficiency, treated flow rate is 2.6 m3/t produced paper.

scholarly journals Use of talc to control problems associated with dissolved and colloidal material in papermaking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO TIJERO ◽  
M. CONCEPCION MONTE ◽  
ANGELES BLANCO
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Colloidal Material ◽  
White Water ◽  
Dissolved And Colloidal Substances

Increasingly stringent environmental standards and market demands are forcing pulp and paper mills to minimize both their water usage and their effluent discharge. Higher rates of process water reuse in pulp and paper mills leads to increased amounts of dissolved and colloidal substances in process water, which is a major fac¬tor limiting further closure of the water circuits. This study explores the use of different types of talc as control agents for dissolved and colloidal material contained in white water from paper mills using recovered and coated paper as raw materials. It also identifies the kinds of talc that can be used to control detrimental properties of the white water.

Correlation of wood-based components and dewatering properties of waste activated sludge from pulp and paper industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kyllönen ◽  
J. Lehto ◽  
P. Pirkonen ◽  
A. Grönroos ◽  
H. Pakkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Solids Content

Large amounts of wet sludge are produced annually in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Already in pulp and paper industry, more than ten million tons of primary sludge, waste activated sludge, and de-inking sludge is generated. Waste activated sludge contains large quantities of bound water, which is difficult to dewater. Low water content would be a matter of high calorific value in incineration but it also has effects on the volume and the quality of the matter to be handled in sludge disposal. In this research waste activated sludges from different pulp and paper mills were chemically characterised and dewatered. Correlations of chemical composition and dewatering properties were determined using multivariate analysis. Chemical characterisation included basic sludge analysis, elementary analysis and analysis of wood-based components, such as hemicelluloses and lignin-derived material. Dewatering properties were determined using measurements of dry solids content, flux and flocculant dosage. The effects of different variables varied according to the response concerned. The variables which were significant regarding cake DS increase in filtration or centrifugation and flocculant dosage needed in filtration were different from those which were significant regarding flux.

scholarly journals Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe M. Andersen ◽  
Jonas Teilmann ◽  
Pernille B. Harders ◽  
Else H. Hansen ◽  
Dorthe Hjøllund
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Water System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Great Cormorants ◽  
Seal Diet

Abstract Andersen, S. M., Teilmann, J., Harders, P. B., Hansen, E. H., and Hjøllund, D. 2007. Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1235–1245. Comparative studies on seasonal and regional variation in the diet of harbour seals and great cormorants were conducted in Limfjord, a semi-closed water system in northwest Denmark. To compare harbour seal diet from an open water system containing similar prey species, a small diet analysis from the western Baltic is included. Seal diet during spring reflected the abundance of Atlantic herring entering Limfjord to spawn (90% of the weight consumed), whereas during summer and autumn, seal diet was rather more mixed. The diet of seals in the Rødsand area and cormorants in Limfjord showed no marked seasonal trends. During spring, there was little overlap between seal and cormorant diets in Limfjord because seals fed almost exclusively on Atlantic herring, and they consumed significantly larger herring than did the cormorants. During summer and autumn, seal and cormorant diets overlapped markedly, although the fish items consumed by seals were generally larger. Few commercially targeted species were found in the stomachs and scats of seals and casts of great cormorants, but Atlantic herring were taken by the seals at a size greater than that allowed by the fishery.

Completely Closed Water Systems in Paper Mills

2010 ◽  
pp. 401-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazih K. Shammas ◽  
Lawrence K. Wang ◽  
William A. Selke
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Closed Water

Cloud-Based Digital Library Era

2016 ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shawish ◽  
Maria Salama
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Pros And Cons

Rapid advances in information processing, storage, and communication technologies have revolutionized the role of the libraries. This chapter reviews the library services, problems and drivers of change from the classical form to the digital one. The chapter then focuses on the current cloud era. It comparatively covers the library cloud-based platforms, services, management systems, innovative products and opened environments in terms of their characteristics, added values, pros and cons. A comprehensive survey on the digital libraries in the cloud era is presented in this chapter.

Anaerobic treatment for C and S removal in “zero-discharge” paper mills: effects of process design on S removal efficiencies

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. van Lier ◽  
P. N.L. Lens ◽  
L. W. Hulshoff Pol
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Stringent environmental laws in Europe and Northern America lead to the development towards closure of the process water streams in pulp and paper mills. Application of a "zero-discharge" process is already a feasible option for the board and packaging paper industry, provided in-line treatment is applied. Concomitant energy conservation inside the mill results in process water temperatures of 50-60°C. Thermophilic anaerobic treatment complemented with appropriate post-treatment is considered as the most cost-effective solution to meet re-use criteria of the process water and to keep its temperature. In the proposed closed-cycle, the anaerobic treatment step removes the largest fraction of the biodegradable COD and eliminates “S” as H2S from the process stream, without the use of additional chemicals. The anaerobic step is regarded as the only possible location to bleed "S" from the process water cycle. In laboratory experiments, the effect of upward liquid velocity (Vupw) and the specific gas loading rate (Vgas) on the S removal capacity of thermophilic anaerobic bio-reactors was investigated. Acidifying, sulphate reducing sludge bed reactors were fed with partly acidified synthetic paper mill wastewater and were operated at 55°C and pH 6. The reactors were operated at organic loading rates up to 50 g COD.l−1.day−1 at COD/SO42- ratios of 10. The effect of Vupw was researched by comparing the performance of a UASB reactor operated at 1.0 m.h−1 and an EGSB reactor, operated at 6.8 m.h−1. The Vupw had a strong effect on the fermentation patterns. In the UASB reactor, acidification yielded H2, acetate and propionate, leading to an accumulation of reducing equivalents. These were partly disposed of by the production of n-butyrate and n-valerate from propionate. In the EGSB reactor net acetate consumption was observed as well as high volumetric gas (CO2 and CH4) production rates. The higher gas production rates in the EGSB reactor resulted in higher S-stripping efficiencies. The effect of Vgas was further researched by comparing 2 UASB reactors which were sparged with N2 gas at a specific gas loading rate of 30 m3.m−2.day−1. In contrast to the regular UASB reactors, the gas-supplied UASB showed a more stable performance when the organic loading rates were increased. Also, the H2S stripping efficiency was 3-4 times higher in the gas-supplied UASB, reaching values of 67%. Higher values were not obtained owing to the relatively poor sulphate reduction efficiencies.

scholarly journals Lifetimes of US Paper and Allied Products Mills: Insights from a Duration Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Entry Time ◽  
The Us ◽  
Increasing Risk

Abstract This study examined the life duration of US paper mills during the past 30 years. The US paper industry has been expanding, but its profit margin has been volatile and decreasing. The hazard rate curve revealed that there was increasing risk of closure during the first 7 years for new mills and for established mills, after the age of 18 years. Parametric duration analysis concluded that large mills had longer life duration. Merger and acquisition (M&A) activities and changes of ownership increased the life duration of mills. Mills located in the South had longer life duration while entry time of mills had limited impact. South. J. Appl. For. 30(1):5–12.

Characterization of plant sterols from 22 US pulp and paper mills

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Cook ◽  
L. LaFleur ◽  
A. Parrish ◽  
J. Jones ◽  
D. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Mass Discharge

Recent concerns regarding the possible biological effects of plant sterols, especially β-sitosterol and its metabolites, prompted the development of a method for the determination of campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, and stigmasterol in pulp and paper industry wastewaters. The method utilizes a liquid/liquid extraction with methyl-t-butyl ether followed by trimethylsilylation derivatization with GC/FID analysis. The method has been applied to wastewater samples from biological treatment systems at 22 US mills. Estimated treatment system removal efficiencies and mass discharge rates are reported. Estimated treatment system removal efficiencies ranged from 64-79% for most analytes. However, the concentration of stigmasterol was observed to increase across aerated stabilization basins. The estimated mass discharge rates for total plant sterols ranged from a low of 0.2 g/T to a high of 25.2 g/T, depending on the specific mill sampled.

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