Biogas from energy crops—optimal pre-treatments and storage, co-digestion and energy balance in boreal conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seppälä ◽  
T. Paavola ◽  
A. Lehtomäki ◽  
O. Pakarinen ◽  
J. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this research was to evaluate the biogas production from crops in boreal conditions, focusing on the optimal pre-treatment and storage methods, co-digestion and energy balance of farm-scale crop based biogas plants. Alkaline treatments offered some potential for improving the methane yield from grass and sugar beet tops. The results show that the CH4 yield of energy crops can be maintained by appropriate ensiling conditions for even after 11 months in ambient conditions. The CH4 yield was best preserved with wet grass mixture without additives. Co-digestion of manure and crops was shown to be feasible with feedstock volatile solids (VS) containing up to 40% of crops. The highest specific methane yields of 268, 229 and 213 l CH4 kg−1 VSadded in co-digestion of cow manure with grass, sugar beet tops and straw, respectively, were obtained during feeding with 30% of crop in the feedstock, corresponding to 85–105% of the total methane potential in the substrates as determined by batch assays. The energy output:input ratio of farm-scale grass silage based biogas plant varied significantly (3.5–8.2) with different assumptions and system boundaries being lowest when using only inorganic fertilizers and highest when half of the heat demand of the system could be covered by metabolic heat.

Sludge electrooxidation as pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Barrios ◽  
U. Duran ◽  
A. Cano ◽  
M. Cisneros-Ortiz ◽  
S. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Pre Treatment

Anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge is the preferred method for sludge treatment as it produces energy in the form of biogas as well as a stabilised product that may be land applied. Different pre-treatments have been proposed to solubilise organic matter and increase biogas production. Sludge electrooxidation with boron-doped diamond electrodes was used as pre-treatment for waste activated sludge (WAS) and its effect on physicochemical properties and biomethane potential (BMP) was evaluated. WAS with 2 and 3% total solids (TS) achieved 2.1 and 2.8% solubilisation, respectively, with higher solids requiring more energy. After pre-treatment, biodegradable chemical oxygen demand values were close to the maximum theoretical BMP, which makes sludge suitable for energy production. Anaerobic digestion reduced volatile solids (VS) by more than 30% in pre-treated sludge with a food to microorganism ratio of 0.15 g VSfed g−1 VSbiomass. Volatile fatty acids were lower than those for sludge without pre-treatment. Best pre-treatment conditions were 3% TS and 28.6 mA cm−2.

Ultrasound pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion improvement

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pérez-Elvira ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
F. I. Plaza ◽  
G. Garralón ◽  
F. Fdz-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Net Generation ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Pre Treatment

Prior research indicates that ultrasounds can be used in batch reactors as pre-treatment before anaerobic digestion, but the specific energy required at laboratory-scale is too high. This work evaluates both the continuous ultrasound device performance (efficiency and solubilisation) and the operation of anaerobic digesters continuously fed with sonicated sludge, and presents energy balance considerations. The results of sludge solubilisation after the sonication treatment indicate that, applying identical specific energy, it is better to increase the power than the residence time. Working with secondary sludge, batch biodegradability tests show that by applying 30 kWh/m3 of sludge, it is possible to increase biogas production by 42%. Data from continuous pilot-scale anaerobic reactors (V=100 L) indicate that operating with a conventional HRT = 20 d, a reactor fed with pre-treated sludge increases the volatile solids removal and the biogas production by 25 and 37% respectively. Operating with HRT = 15 d, the removal efficiency is similar to the obtained with a reactor fed with non-hydrolysed sludge at HTR = 20 d, although the specific biogas productivity per volume of reactor is higher for the pretreated sludge. Regarding the energy balance, although for laboratory-scale devices it is negative, full-scale suppliers state a net generation of 3–10 kW per kW of energy used.

scholarly journals Mild Thermal Pre-Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge to Increase Loading Capacity, Biogas Production, and Solids’ Degradation: A Pilot-Scale Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6059
Author(s):  
Adrian Gonzalez ◽  
Hongxiao Guo ◽  
Oscar Ortega-Ibáñez ◽  
Coert Petri ◽  
Jules B. van Lier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Pre Treatment

Sludge pre-treatments are emerging as part of the disposal process of solid by-products of wastewater purification. One of their benefits is the increase in methane production rate and/or yield, along with higher loading capacities of existing digesters. In this study, we report the performance of a pilot-scale compartmentalized digester (volume of 18.6 m3) that utilized a mild thermal pre-treatment at 70 °C coupled with hydrogen peroxide dosing. Compared with a reference conventional anaerobic digester, this technique allowed an increased organic loading rate from 1.4 to 4.2 kg volatile solids (VS)/(m3d) and an increment in the solids degradation from 40 to 44%. To some extent, these improvements were promoted by the solubilization of the tightly-bound fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances to looser and more accessible fractions without the formation of refractory compounds. In sum, our results suggest that this pre-treatment method could increase the treatment capacity of existing digesters without significant retrofitting.

scholarly journals Magnetic Biofilm Carriers: The Use of Novel Magnetic Foam Glass Particles in Anaerobic Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Ramm ◽  
Carsten Jost ◽  
Elisabeth Neitmann ◽  
Ulrich Sohling ◽  
Oliver Menhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Volatile Solids

The use of recently developed magnetic foam glass particles for immobilization of microbial biomass was tested. The effect of the particles was illustrated at the production of biogas from sugar beet silage as the sole substrate. Lab-scale fermentation experiments were conducted using a mesophilic completely stirred tank reactor and a magnetic separator. Microscopic analysis revealed biofilm coverage of 50–60% on the surface of the particles within 110 days. It was possible to recover 76.3% of the particles from fermentation effluent by means of a separation procedure based on magnetic forces. Comparing a particle charged reactor with a control reactor showed a small performance gain. The methane rate was increased from1.18±0.09to1.25±0.06 L L−1 d−1and the methane yield was increased from0.302±0.029to0.318±0.022 L g−1(volatile solids) at an organic loading rate of3.93±0.22 g L−1 d−1(volatile solids). Maximum methane rates of 1.42 L L−1d−1at an organic loading rate of 4.60 g (volatile solids) L−1 d−1(reactor including magnetic particles) and 1.34 L L−1 d−1at 3.73 g L−1 d−1(control reactor) were achieved. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of magnetic particles could be an attractive option for the optimization of biogas production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion of Aquatic Macrophytes in a Brazilian Reservoir

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. Nagipe da Silva Paulo ◽  
A. Viana Gusmão Vieira ◽  
P. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Stainless Steel Reactor ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Pre Treatment

Aquatic macrophytes are important components of aquatic habitats. However, the overgrowth of aquatic plants can cause severe problems for the management of bodies of water. As a result, these plants must be removed and disposed of as waste. However, the usage of this biomass as a substrate in biogas plants would appear to be more beneficial. The present work deals with the anaerobic digestion (AD) of macrophytes species that cause inconvenience to power generation at hydroelectric plant in Minas Gerais - Brazil. The study examines the following macrophytes species; Salvinia molest Oxycarium cubense, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Brachiaria. The experiments were carried out as stainless steel reactor with temperature, agitation and pressure control. As pre-treatment of macrophytes was used heat treatment at 120°C and pressure of 1.6 atm. The maximum methane content was 60% during 40 days digestion time, for Brachiaria of higher lignin content. The result obtained, mainly with Brachiaria demonstrates the efficiency of pre-treatment for the lignocellulosic samples.

Advanced anaerobic processes to enhance waste activated sludge stabilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Braguglia ◽  
N. Carozza ◽  
M. C. Gagliano ◽  
A. Gallipoli ◽  
A. Gianico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Sewage Sludge Management ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Mesophilic Digestion ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Novel Processing

The requirement for enhanced stabilization processes to obtain a more stable, pathogen-free sludge for agricultural use is an increasing challenge to comply with in the waste hierarchy. With this in mind, the Routes European project (‘Novel processing routes for effective sewage sludge management’) is addressed to assess innovative solutions with the aim of maximizing sludge quality and biological stability. In order to increase anaerobic stabilization performances, the sequential anerobic/aerobic process and the thermophilic digestion process, with or without integration of the thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment, were investigated as regards the effect on sludge stabilization, dewaterability and digestion performances. Thermal pre-treatment improved anaerobic digestion in terms of volatile solids reduction and biogas production, but digestate dewaterability worsened. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) quantification showed an increase of methanogens consistent with the increase of biogas produced. The aerobic post-treatment after mesophilic digestion had a beneficial effect on dewaterability and stability of the digested sludge even if was with a reduction of the potential energy recovery.

scholarly journals Energy Balance of Turbocharged Engines Operating in a WWTP with Thermal Hydrolysis. Co-Digestion Provides the Full Plant Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11103
Author(s):  
José García-Cascallana ◽  
Daniela Carrillo-Peña ◽  
Antonio Morán ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Pre Treatment

The energy balance of lean-burn turbocharged engines using biogas as fuel is reported. Digestion data were obtained from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Burgos (Spain), operating with a thermal hydrolysis unit for sludge pre-treatment. Operational performance of the plant was studied by considering the treatment of sludge as a comparative base for analyzing global plant performance if co-digestion is implemented for increasing biogas production. The calculation methodology was based on equations derived from the engine efficiency parameters provided by the manufacturer. Results from real data engine performance when evaluated in isolation as a unique control volume, reported an electrical efficiency of 38.2% and a thermal efficiency of 49.8% leading to a global efficiency of 88% at the operating point. The gross electrical power generated amounted to 1039 kW, which translates into 9102 MWh/year, with an economic value of 837,384 €/year which was completely consumed at the plant. It also represents 55.1% of self-consumption regarding the total electricity demand of the plant. The analysis of the system considering the use of the total installed capacity by adding a co-substrate, such as cheese whey or microalgae, reveals that total electrical self-consumption is attained when the co-substrate is directly fed into the digester (cheese whey case), obtaining 16,517 MWh/year equivalent to 1,519,160 €/year. The application of thermal hydrolysis as pre-treatment to the co-substrate (microalgae case study) leads to lower electricity production, but still attains a better performance than a mono-digestion baseline scenario.

scholarly journals APLIKASI THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) SEBAGAI CO·SUBSTRAT PADA PROSES ANAEROBIK DIGESTI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Darwin Darwin ◽  
Yusmanizar Yusmanizar ◽  
Muhammad Ilham ◽  
Afrizal Fazil ◽  
Satria Purwanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Pre Treatment

Thermal pre-treatment was given on corn stover in the purpose of breaking the lignin content; thus, it may help anaerobic microorganisms to convert polymer including cellulose and hemicelluloses into biogas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal pre-treatment on corn stover in anaerobic digestion process related to the production of biogas as well as digestion process efficiency. This research was carried out by utilizing batch reactors where the temperature was maintained at mesophilic conditions above room temperature (33 ± 2 oC). Based on the result, it was known that thermal pre-treatment given on the corn stover may enhance anaerobic digestion process for biogas production at the first 10 days. This condition reduced the time of lag phase during anaerobic digestion. The biogas production of corn stover given thermal pre-treatment was slow at 26 days where their average total production were 12,412.5 mL,12,310 mL at 15 and 25 minutes thermal pre-treatment, respectively while biogas production of non pre-treated corn stover was 12,557 mL. The highest daily biogas production was accomplished by corn stover that was given thermal pre-treatment at 25 minutes (915 mL). Corn stover given with 15 minutes thermal pre-treatment also generated higher daily biogas production at day 9 (772.5 mL) compared with corn stover that was not pre-treated (405 mL). This research also revealed that corn stover given thermal pre-treatment reached higher biogas yield compared with non pre-treated corn stover where their biogas yield were 670.39, 690.65 mL/g volatile solids added at 15 and 25 minutes thermal pre- treatment respectively, and 456.37 mL/g volatile solids added of non pre-treated corn stover.Keywords: Thermal pre-treatment, corn stover, anaerobic digestion, biogas ABSTRAKThermal pre-treatment diberikan pada limbah tanaman jagung dengan tujuan untuk memecahkan kandungan lignin yang terdapat pada limbah tanaman jagung sehingga memudahkan mikroorganisme anaerobik untuk mengkonversi polimer yang berupa selulosa dan hemiselulosa menjadi biogas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian mengenai penerapan thermal pre-treatment pada limbah tanaman jagung terhadap proses anaerobik digesi yang meliputi efisiensi proses digesi dan produksi biogas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor tipe batch yang suhunya dipertahankan pada kondisi mesophilic atau di atas rata-rata suhu kamar (33 ± 2 oC). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa thermal pre-treatment yang diberikan pada limbah tanaman jagung mampu mempercepat proses produksi biogas pada 10 hari pertama sehingga dapat mengurangi lag-phase pada proses anaerobik digesi. Limbah tanaman jagung yang diberikan thermal pre-treatment mengalami perlambatan produksi biogas pada hari ke 26 dengan rata-rata total produksi 12.412,5 mL untuk limbah tanaman jagung yang diberikan thermal pre- treatment selama 15 menit, dan 12.310 mL untuk limbah tanaman jagung yang diberikan thermal pre-treatment selama 25 menit, sedangkan limbah tanaman jagung yang tidak diberikan pre-treatment menghasilkan produksi biogas sebesar 12.557 mL pada hari ke 26. Produksi biogas harian tertinggi terjadi pada substrat yang diberikan thermal pre-treatment 25 menit, dengan produksi biogas tertinggi pada hari ke 9 dengan rata-rata produksi sebesar 915 mL. Substrat yang diberikan thermal pre-treatment 15 menit juga memproduksi biogas jauh lebih tinggi (772,5 mL) pada hari ke 9 jika dibandingkan dengan substrat tanpa diberikan pre-treatment yang hanya memproduksi biogas sebesar 405 mL. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah tanaman jagung yang diberikan thermal pre-treatment memperoleh biogas yield lebih tinggi dari pada yang tidak diberikan pre-treatment dimana 670,39 mL/g volatile solids untuk thermal pre- treatment 15 menit, 690,65 mL/g volatile solids untuk thermal pre-treatment 25 menit dan 456,37 mL/g volatile solids untuk limbah tanaman jagung yang tidak diberikan pre-treatment.Kata kunci: Thermal pre-treatment, limbah tanaman jagung, anaerobik digesi, biogas

scholarly journals Analysis of the composition and formation of biogas produced during the processing of biological waste by anaerobic digestion technologies

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Hnilica ◽  
Jiří Fryč ◽  
Bořivoj Groda
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Biogas Plants

This work compares the operating system of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural biogas plants with realization using biowaste. It deals with the operation system of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural biogas plants and implement an appropriate system to enable the use of biowaste. Based on the comparison of technological solutions and operational parameters of specific sites has been designed to allow the system biowaste were made a practical experiment to verify the assumption of increased biogas production. In experiments used substrates, which are industrially produced from the available bio-wastes, treated and then provide to operator of biogas plants. The work was carried out practical measurements to verify the production of biogas from different substrates. Utilize of nominal electric power using biowaste amounted up to 97.66%. Processing of such modified substrates in anaerobic digestion technology can greatly affect the amount of energy crops. Benefit of waste is governed primarily by such projects, where is the problem of ensuring sufficient energy crops. The proposed composition of raw materials also allows the implementation of the existing ope­ra­tion of anaerobic digestion. Operational data on real operations demonstrate the real possibility of further development of the area and secondly the use of biogas plants as well as in the preparation of suitably prepared substrates for the operators. The entire data set underwent a complete statistical analysis. Differences between variants were statistically significant.

scholarly journals Identification and preliminary characteristics of odour sources in biogas plants processing municipal waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 02016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Initial Identification ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Process Gases ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Storage

The paper presents results of local visions at six biogas plants processing municipal waste in Poland. The study objective was the investigation of waste processing technology, as well as the initial identification and characteristics of odour sources. The literature provides scarce information on research on the occurrence of odours in this type of objects. The main components of process gases from biogas plants include ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and volatile organic compounds. They are not only unpleasant, but also can be harmful to both the environment and people. The main unit operations and processes that make up the technological sequence of biogas plants for municipal waste are: supply and storage of raw waste, preparation of the substrate for fermentation (pre-treatment), main processing (methane fermentation), and stabilisation and storage of the fermented residue. Any irregularities related to running individual processes may contribute to the intensified odour impact of a biogas plant. Local visions permitted the analysis of the technological processes carried out in the plants, as well as the location of odour sources important for further research.

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