Kasza: design of a closed water system for the greenhouse horticulture

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël T. van der Velde ◽  
Wim Voogt ◽  
Pieter W. Pickhardt
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water System ◽  
Recycle Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture

The need for a closed and sustainable water system in greenhouse areas is stimulated by the implementation in the Netherlands of the European Framework Directive. The Dutch national project Kasza: Design of a Closed Water System for the Greenhouse Horticulture will provide information how the water system in a greenhouse horticulture area can be closed. In this paper the conceptual design of two systems to close the water cycle in a greenhouse area is described. The first system with reverse osmosis system can be used in areas where desalination is required in order to be able to use the recycle water for irrigation of all crops. The second system with advanced oxidation using UV and peroxide can be applied in areas with more salt tolerant crops and good (low sodium) water sources for irrigation. Both systems are financially feasible in new greenhouse areas with substantial available recycle water.

Interactions of Sewerage and Waste-Water Treatment: Practical Examples in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Scale

Various interactions of sewerage and waste-water treatment are discussed for the typical situation in the Netherlands. Sewerage and waste-water treatment are no longer necessary when each house has its own integrated waste-water system; however, costs seem to be high. The same applies for small-scale waste-water treatment versus centralisation. However, centralized waste-water treatment plants suffer from specific problems due to high fluctuations, not only in hydraulic but also in biological load. With stringent effluent standards the need increases for complete treatment instead of by-passing the peak flows. Besides, the application of buffering tanks may change in favour of an increase in the hydraulic capacity of the waste-water treatment plant. Finally, a new, integrated, attitude on water-cycle problems must be advocated.

Alicante University, closed water cycle, reverse osmosis and water treatment plants

Desalination ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prats ◽  
M.F. Chillón ◽  
M. Rubio ◽  
J.A. Reverter
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Closed Water

Regeneration and Reuse of Salt-tolerant Zwitterionic Polymer Fluids by Simple Salt/water System

2022 ◽  
pp. 128203
Author(s):  
Yinuo Li ◽  
Tingting Wei ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Kaixiang Wang ◽  
Yulin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Polymer Fluids ◽  
Zwitterionic Polymer

scholarly journals Stress-Testing Framework for Urban Water Systems: A Source to Tap Approach for Stochastic Resilience Assessment

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Dionysios Nikolopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kossieris ◽  
Ioannis Tsoukalas ◽  
Christos Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Testing Framework ◽  
Urban Water System

Optimizing the design and operation of an Urban Water System (UWS) faces significant challenges over its lifespan to account for the uncertainties of important stressors that arise from population growth rates, climate change factors, or shifting demand patterns. The analysis of a UWS’s performance across interdependent subsystems benefits from a multi-model approach where different designs are tested against a variety of metrics and in different times scales for each subsystem. In this work, we present a stress-testing framework for UWSs that assesses the system’s resilience, i.e., the degree to which a UWS continues to perform under progressively increasing disturbance (deviation from normal operating conditions). The framework is underpinned by a modeling chain that covers the entire water cycle, in a source-to-tap manner, coupling a water resources management model, a hydraulic water distribution model, and a water demand generation model. An additional stochastic simulation module enables the representation and modeling of uncertainty throughout the water cycle. We demonstrate the framework by “stress-testing” a synthetic UWS case study with an ensemble of scenarios whose parameters are stochastically changing within the UWS simulation timeframe and quantify the uncertainty in the estimation of the system’s resilience.

scholarly journals Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Ortuño ◽  
Agustina Bernal-Vicente ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Maria Jesus Sanchez-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.

scholarly journals Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe M. Andersen ◽  
Jonas Teilmann ◽  
Pernille B. Harders ◽  
Else H. Hansen ◽  
Dorthe Hjøllund
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Water System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Great Cormorants ◽  
Seal Diet

Abstract Andersen, S. M., Teilmann, J., Harders, P. B., Hansen, E. H., and Hjøllund, D. 2007. Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1235–1245. Comparative studies on seasonal and regional variation in the diet of harbour seals and great cormorants were conducted in Limfjord, a semi-closed water system in northwest Denmark. To compare harbour seal diet from an open water system containing similar prey species, a small diet analysis from the western Baltic is included. Seal diet during spring reflected the abundance of Atlantic herring entering Limfjord to spawn (90% of the weight consumed), whereas during summer and autumn, seal diet was rather more mixed. The diet of seals in the Rødsand area and cormorants in Limfjord showed no marked seasonal trends. During spring, there was little overlap between seal and cormorant diets in Limfjord because seals fed almost exclusively on Atlantic herring, and they consumed significantly larger herring than did the cormorants. During summer and autumn, seal and cormorant diets overlapped markedly, although the fish items consumed by seals were generally larger. Few commercially targeted species were found in the stomachs and scats of seals and casts of great cormorants, but Atlantic herring were taken by the seals at a size greater than that allowed by the fishery.

scholarly journals Hydropower Potential from the AUSINO Drinking Water System

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Viccione ◽  
Rosaria Amato ◽  
Massimo Martucciello
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Pressure Relief Valves

The urban water cycle spends energy to provide communities drinking water and to treat produced wastewater. The same cycle can also provide energy by exploiting the kinetic energy of water flowing into the network to turn turbines and generate electricity. In this framework, this work focuses on the hydropower potential arising from the installation of a water turbine at the end of the pipeline of the water supply system “New Aqueduct”, managed by the “Ausino S.p.A. Servizi Idrici Integrati” in the Campania Region, Italy. The plant allows to reach—in some circumstances—a minimum power level at which the return of the investment occurs in a reasonable time period. In facts, the supply system exhibits somewhere pressure heads of up to hundreds meters, a matter which has been seen of a certain relevance as attenuation systems such as pressure relief valves were adopted to reduce pressure levels. Today, this related 'waste of available potential energy’ can be conveniently avoided by installing proper energy recovery apparatuses as detailed in this study.

Optimal Operation of Multireservoir Systems by Enhanced Water Cycle Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Yanjun Kong ◽  
Yadong Mei ◽  
Weinan Li ◽  
Ben Yue ◽  
Xianxun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Test Functions ◽  
Water Cycle Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Parameter ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Better Than

In this article, an enhanced water cycle algorithm (EWCA) is proposed and applied to optimize the operation of multireservoir systems. Three improvements have been made to the water cycle algorithm (WCA). They refer to high-quality initial solutions obtained by the chaos-based method, balancing of exploration of streams using a dynamic adaptive parameter, and dynamic variation of sub-water system size using the fitness value of rivers. For the purpose of verifying the improvements, three typical benchmark functions were selected as test functions. It has shown that EWCA performs better than WCA and water cycle algorithm with evaporation rate (ER-WCA). And then these three algorithms were also applied to optimize the operation of a multireservoir system with complex constrains as the case study. By comparing the results, it is found that the EWCA has higher ability to find a feasible solution in a narrow searching space. The effectiveness of the improvements is confirmed.

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