Quantification of organic and nitrogen removal in downflow hanging sponge (DHS) systems as a post-treatment of UASB effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2121-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wichitsathian ◽  
P. Racho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Starch Wastewater ◽  
Process Behavior

The aim of this research was to investigate the nature and composition of organic substrate in two down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) systems using mixed fungal (FDHS) and bacterial (BDHS) cultures treatment for UASB effluent of tapioca starch wastewater, evaluated by COD fractionations and two material balances. The random type DHS reactors were operated as modular columns consisting of four identical segments connected vertically. Results of the wastewater characterization showed that carbonaceous fractions were varied on a function of DHS height. Two balances applied to experimental data were for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen (N). Results of mass balance calculations can also be used to examine the process behavior of two DHS systems to improve the organic and nitrogen removal mechanisms.

Effects of organic carbon source, chemical oxygen demand/N ratio and temperature on autotrophic nitrogen removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2079-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Sánchez Guillén ◽  
Y. Yimman ◽  
C. M. Lopez Vazquez ◽  
D. Brdjanovic ◽  
J. B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Source ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

To assess the feasibility of the Anammox process as a cost-effective post-treatment step for anaerobic sewage treatment, the simultaneous effects of organic carbon source, chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio, and temperature on autotrophic nitrogen removal was studied. In batch experiments, three operating conditions were evaluated at 14, 22 and 30 °C, and at COD/N ratios of 2 and 6. For each operating condition, containing 32 ± 2 mg NH4+-N/L and 25 ± 2 mg NO2−-N/L, three different substrate combinations were tested to simulate the presence of readily biodegradable and slowly biodegradable organic matter (RBCOD and SBCOD, respectively): (i) acetate (RBCOD); (ii) starch (SBCOD); and (iii) acetate + starch. The observed stoichiometric NO2−-N/NH4+-N conversion ratios were in the range of 1.19–1.43, and the single or simultaneous presence of acetate and starch did not affect the Anammox metabolism. High Anammox nitrogen removal was observed at 22 °C (77–84%) and 30 °C (73–79%), whereas there was no nitrogen removal at 14 °C; the Anammox activity was strongly influenced by temperature, in spite of the COD source and COD/N ratios applied. These results suggest that the Anammox process could be applied as a nitrogen removal post-treatment for anaerobic sewage systems in warm climates.

Butanol and ethanol production from tapioca starch wastewater by Clostridium spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanika Ouephanit ◽  
Chompunuch Virunanon ◽  
Vorakan Burapatana ◽  
Warawut Chulalaksananukul
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Starch Wastewater ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Total (TWW) and tapioca starch wash wastewater (TSWW) from a cassava processing plant in Thailand were analyzed for their composition with a view to evaluate their potential as substrates for solvent production by ABE fermentation with Clostridium spp. Starch was detected at a 1.63-fold higher level in the TWW than that in the TSWW (24.4% and 15.0% (w/w), respectively). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was broadly similar (20,093 and 20,433 mg/L), but the biological oxygen demand (BOD) was 1.84-fold higher (18,000 and 9,750 mg/L) in the TWW than that in the TSWW. Thus, the TSWW was selected as a substrate to evaluate its potential for butanol and ethanol production by two Clostridium spp. The combined ethanol plus butanol production in the TSWW at pH 6.5 was higher than that at pH 4.5, being around 27.8- and 3.4-fold higher in C. butyricum TISTR 1032 and C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, respectively. In both strains, the butanol (and combined butanol plus ethanol) production level was improved at pH 5.5. The addition of yeast extract increased the bacterial cell production, but did not significantly improve solvent productivity in C. acetobutylicum, and even decreased butanol production by C. butyricum.

Effect of Low Concentration Cyanide on Startup of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed for the Treatment of Tapioca Starch Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2493-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Kui Zhao ◽  
Xiao Ming Li ◽  
Chuang Rong Mo ◽  
Chao Lan Zhang ◽  
Wen Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Cyanide Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starch Wastewater

In this investigation, An Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) was used to treat tapioca starch wastewater containing low concentration cyanide and the influence of cyanide concentration on the startup of EGSB reactor was conducted. On the condition of 13.4h of HRT, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cyanide concentration varied, The EGSB performance was assessed in terms of COD, pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane variation during the process. The results showed that cyanide was harmful to the anaerobic bacteria of the granular sludge in EGSB reactor for the treatment of tapioca starch waster, as the cyanide concentration was at 15mg/L, COD removal efficiency for cyanide free wastewater nearly 90%, however the efficient dropped to 80% with increasing cyanide concentration up to15mg/L; the methane production was nearly 200mg/L with cyanide concentration and dropped to a value of 2mg/L for 15 mg/L cyanide; and methanogenic activity decreased; while the influent VFA was increased, at an cyanide concentration of 0 and 5mg/L, the concentration of VFA was maintained below 100.00mg/L, but it was higher than 600mg/L in most of the cases with influent cyanide concentration of 15mg/L; SEM observation of the granules showed the predominance of Methanosaeta. sp. and the obvious damage of the bacteria located on the surface or in the inner part of some granules, leading to a deterioration of granular sludge settling velocity, and even some granules washed out.

Effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratios on pollutants removal in the subsurface wastewater infiltration systems with/without intermittent aeration

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2662-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Song ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
Shiwei Wu ◽  
Yijing Guo ◽  
Jingxiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pollutants Removal

The matrix oxidation reduction potential level, organic pollutants and nitrogen removal performances of eight subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) (four with intermittent aeration, four without intermittent aeration) fed with influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio of 3, 6, 12 and 18 were investigated. Nitrification of non-aerated SWISs was poor due to oxygen deficiency while higher COD/N ratios further led to lower COD and nitrogen removal rate. Intermittent aeration achieved almost complete nitrification, which successfully created aerobic conditions in the depth of 50 cm and did not change anoxic or anaerobic conditions in the depth of 80 and 110 cm. The sufficient carbon source in high COD/N ratio influent greatly promoted denitrification in SWISs with intermittent aeration. High average removal rates of COD (95.68%), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) (99.32%) and total nitrogen (TN) (89.65%) were obtained with influent COD/N ratio of 12 in aerated SWISs. The results suggest that intermittent aeration was a reliable option to achieve high nitrogen removal in SWISs, especially with high COD/N ratio wastewater.

Treatment of anaerobically digested dairy manure in a two-stage biofiltration system

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1975-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Xia ◽  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Yuansheng Pei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure

High concentrations of ammonium and phosphate present a challenge to cost-effective treatment of anaerobically digested dairy manure. This study investigated the efficacy of a two-stage biofiltration system for passive treatment of digested dairy manure. The first stage pebble filters were batch loaded. When the slurry-like digested dairy manure was retained on pebble beds, soluble contaminants were removed before liquid infiltrated over 8–17 days. The pebble filters removed 70% of soluble chemical oxygen demand, 71% of soluble biochemical oxygen demand, 75% of ammonium, and 68% of orthophosphate. Nitrogen removal was attributed to the conventional nitrification – denitrification process and novel nitritation – anammox process. Aerobic ammonium oxidizing and anammox bacteria accounted for 25 and 23% of all bacteria, respectively, in the filtrate of the pebble filters. The longer it took for filtration, the greater the removal efficiency of soluble contaminants. The second stage sand filters had removal efficiencies of 17% for soluble chemical oxygen demand, 45% for soluble biochemical oxygen demand, 43% for ammonium, and 16% for orthophosphate during batch operations at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days. Aerobic ammonium oxidation and anammox were primarily responsible for nitrogen removal in the sand filters. Vegetation made an insignificant difference in treatment performance of the sand filters.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of leachate from stabilization of biodegradable municipal solid waste in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bernat ◽  
M. Zaborowska ◽  
M. Zielińska ◽  
I. Wojnowska-Baryła ◽  
W. Ignalewski
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pollutant removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (with floating or submerged carriers) when treating nitrogen- and organic-rich real leachate generated during aerobic stabilization of the biodegradable municipal solid waste. A control reactor contained suspended activated sludge. The share of leachate in synthetic wastewater was 10%, which resulted in ratios of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand to total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the influent of ca. 11 and ca. 8.5, respectively. Regardless of whether the reactors contained carriers or not, the effectiveness of nitrification (84.2–84.3%) and of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (86.5–87.0%), biochemical oxygen demand (95.5–98.0%) and ammonium (88.9–89.3%) did not differ. However, the presence of carriers and their type determined in which phase of the cycle denitrification occurred. In the control reactor, denitrification took place during mixing phase with the effectiveness of ca. 43.2% (57.7% of the total nitrogen removal). During aeration, the oxygen content increased rapidly, thus reduced the possibility of simultaneous denitrification. In reactors with carriers, in the aeration phase, not only nitrification but also denitrification occurred. The increase in oxygen content in wastewater was slower, which could have caused dissolved oxygen gradients and anoxic zones in deeper layers of the biofilm and flocks. In the reactor with floating carriers, the effectiveness of denitrification and total nitrogen removal increased 1.23- and 1.10-times, respectively, as compared to the control reactor. The highest efficiencies (67.7% and 73.0%, respectively) were observed in the reactor with submerged carriers.

Enhanced simultaneous nitri-denitrification in aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor containing polyurethane foam-based carrier media

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdum Sandip ◽  
V. Kalyanraman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Biofilm Support

Abstract Fluidization of carrier media for biofilm support and growth defines the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Major MBBR facilities apply virgin polyethylene (PE)-based circular plastic carrier media. Various carriers were studied to replace these conventional carriers, but polyurethane (PU) foam-based carrier media has not been much explored. This study evaluates the potential of PU foam carrier media in aerobic MBBR process for simultaneous nitri-denitrification (SND). Two parallel reactors loaded with conventional PE plastic (circular) and PU foam (cubical) carriers compared for their removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen contaminants from wastewater. Results indicate that average COD removal in MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media was 81%, compared to 83% in MBBR containing PU foam. Average ammonical and total nitrogen reduction was 71% and 59% for PU foam-based MBBR, compared to 60% and 42% for PE plastic-based MBBR. SND-based nitrogen removal capacity was doubled in aerobic MBBR filled with PU foam carrier media (27%), than MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media (13%). Cost economics also governs the commercial advantage for the application of PU foam-based carrier media in the MBBR process.

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