Characterization of microbial communities in exhaust air treatment systems of large-scale pig housing facilities

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1551-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haneke ◽  
N. M. Lee ◽  
T. W. Gaul ◽  
H. F. A. Van den Weghe
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Washing Water ◽  
Housing Facilities

Exhaust air treatment has gained importance as an essential factor in intensive livestock areas due to the rising emissions in the environment. Wet filter walls of multi-stage exhaust air treatment systems precipitate gaseous ammonia and dust particles from exhaust air in washing water. Microbial communities in the biomass developed in the washing water of five large-scale exhaust air treatment units of pig housing facilities, were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. No “standard” nitrifying bacteria were found in the washing water. Instead mainly α-Proteobacteria, aggregating β- and χ-Proteobacteria, a large number of Actinobacteria, as well as individual Planctomycetales and Crenarchaeota were detected after more than twelve months' operation. The main Proteobacteria species present were affiliated to the families Alcaligenaceae, Comamonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae. Furthermore, we investigated the consumption of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the washing water of one exhaust air treatment unit during a fattening period with and without pH control. Maintaining the pH at 6.0 resulted in a ca. fivefold higher ammonium concentration and a ca. fourfold lower concentration of oxidized nitrogen compounds after the fattening period was finished.

Nitrification processes in scrubbing liquid of an exhaust air treatment system of a large-scale pig housing facility

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haneke ◽  
V. Siemers ◽  
H. F. A. Van den Weghe
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Control System ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Odorous Substances ◽  
Housing Facility

The use of multi-staged exhaust air treatment systems is an effective method of substantially reducing the emission of ammonia, dust particles and odorous substances. Wet filter walls are able to absorb large amounts of ammonia when scrubbing fluid containing sulphuric acid is used. In addition, due to their large surface areas and the permanent supply of oxygen and nutrients, wet filter walls provide a basis for the development of biofilms containing nitrogen-converting bacteria. Cyclic nitrification processes could be observed in a two-stage exhaust air treatment system, which had been converted to function as a regulated process control system (elutriation at κ = 20 mS cm−1; pH 6.5–6.8). With this system, the sulphuric acid requirement was periodically reduced every 6–8 weeks to less than 1 kg H2SO4 per fattening place and year. There was an increased formation of nitrous oxide gas during nitrification after the wet filter stage. Electron-microscopic images of the biofilm growing on the wet filter wall showed aggregates of possible ammonium-oxidising and nitrite-oxidising bacteria.

Production of gaseous nitrogen compounds in a novel process for ammonium removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Green ◽  
N. Denekamp ◽  
O. Lahav ◽  
S. Tarre
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Ammonium Removal

The production of gaseous nitrogen compounds, particularly the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, was investigated in a novel process for ammonium removal from wastewater. The process is based on the adsorption of ammonium on zeolite followed by bioregeneration. The zeolite serves the dual purpose of an ion exchanger and a physical carrier for nitrifying bacteria which bio-regenerate the ammonium saturated mineral. An analysis of the nitrifying population composition in the reactor fed with simulated secondary effluent (NH4+ = 50 mg/l) revealed that about half of the bacteria in the biofilm were common ammonium oxidizers Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosomonas, while the other half were nitrite oxidizers. The amount of nitrogen losses, under different conditions, and the identification of the emitted gases (N2 or N2O) were investigated in two sets of experiments: (I) batch experiments using biomass originating from the ion exchange reactor with and without the addition of nitrite, and (II) continuous experiments using the ion exchange reactor with zeolite as the biomass carrier. In the batch experiments, nitrite and oxygen concentrations were determined as the major parameters responsible for the formation of gaseous nitrogen gas during ammonia oxidation by autotrophic bacteria. Continuous experiments showed that the major parameter significantly affecting nitrogen losses was the amount of ammonium adsorbed by the zeolite during the ion exchange phase. The amount of ammonium adsorbed determines the ammonium concentration during the initial period of bioregeneration, which in turn directly influences oxygen demand and the resulting concentrations of oxygen and nitrite. It was concluded that the formation of nitrogen gas compounds in the ion exchange/bioregeneration process can be eliminated by adjusting the operational regime to have a shorter adsorption phase resulting in smaller amounts of ammonium adsorbed per cycle.

Structural and Bioactive Studies of Halogenated Constituents from Sponges

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2335-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Dayong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tyrosine Derivatives ◽  
Polyunsaturated Lipids

: Marine organisms are abundant sources of bioactive natural products. Among metabolites produced by sponges and their associated microbial communities, halogenated natural compounds accounted for an important part due to their potent biological activities. The present review updates and compiles a total of 258 halogenated organic compounds isolated in the past three decades, especially brominated derivatives derived from 31 genera of marine sponges. These compounds can be classified as the following classes: brominated polyunsaturated lipids, nitrogen compounds, brominated tyrosine derivatives and other halogenated compounds. These substances were listed together with their source organisms, structures and bioactivities. For this purpose, 84 references were consulted.

scholarly journals Operational modifications for the development of nitrifying bacteria in a large-scale biological aerated filter and its impact on wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1704-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-René Bourgeois ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Daniel G. Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract To develop a better understanding for fixed biomass processes, the development of a nitrifying bacterial biofilm, as well as the performance of treatment during modifications to operational conditions of a full-scale submerged biological filter were examined. The development of the nitrifying biofilm was investigated at four depth levels (1, 2, 4 and 5 feet). The result of bacterial subpopulations analyzed by qPCR relative to the physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater during the various tests (sustained aeration, modified backwash parameters and inflow restriction) revealed an increase of the relative presence of nitrifying microorganisms throughout the biofilm (especially for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)), but this was not necessarily accompanied by a better nitrification rate. The highest observed nitrification rate was 49% of removal in the test cell during backwashing conditions, whereas the relative ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population was 0.032% and NOB was 0.008% of the total biomass collected. The highest percentage of nitrifying bacteria observed (0.034% AOB and 0.18% NOB) resulted in a nitrification rate of 21%. The treatment of organic matter determined by measuring the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD, CBOD5) was improved.

Study on Bioaugmention Technologies of Eutrophication Landscape Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 1287-1290
Author(s):  
Zong Zheng Yang ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
De Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhao Pang
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Urban Lakes ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Landscape Water

This inoculation method inputting photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, compound bacteria etc into the water, to degrade pollutants of the urban lakes in this paper. The results show that, the removal rates of organic substance, chlorophyll-a and nitrogen compounds were 60%, 90% and 50% respectively .Moreover, dissolved oxygen (DO) content increased from 1 to 7 mg/L by adding microbes. The conclusion can be drawn that its feasible for adding microbes into eutrophication water to decontaminate water.

scholarly journals Correlation-Centric Network (CCN) representation for microbial co-occurrence patterns: new insights for microbial ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengshuo Yang ◽  
Chongyang Tan ◽  
Maozhen Han ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Xuefeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Edge Networks

Abstract Mainstream studies of microbial community focused on critical organisms and their physiology. Recent advances in large-scale metagenome analysis projects initiated new researches in the complex correlations between large microbial communities. Specifically, previous studies focused on the nodes (i.e. species) of the Species-Centric Networks (SCNs). However, little was understood about the change of correlation between network members (i.e. edges of the SCNs) when the network was disturbed. Here, we introduced a Correlation-Centric Network (CCN) to the microbial research based on the concept of edge networks. In CCN, each node represented a species–species correlation, and edge represented the species shared by two correlations. In this research, we investigated the CCNs and their corresponding SCNs on two large cohorts of microbiome. The results showed that CCNs not only retained the characteristics of SCNs, but also contained information that cannot be detected by SCNs. In addition, when the members of microbial communities were decreased (i.e. environmental disturbance), the CCNs fluctuated within a small range in terms of network connectivity. Therefore, by highlighting the important species correlations, CCNs could unveil new insights when studying not only the functions of target species, but also the stabilities of their residing microbial communities.

scholarly journals Associations between human impacts and forest soil microbial communities

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Chen ◽  
Jialiang Kuang ◽  
Pandeng Wang ◽  
Wensheng Shu ◽  
Albert Barberán
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Variables

We are living in a new epoch—the Anthropocene, in which human activity is reshaping global biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. Increasing efforts are being made toward a better understanding of the associations between human activity and the geographic patterns in plant and animal communities. However, similar efforts are rarely applied to microbial communities. Here, we collected 472 forest soil samples across eastern China, and the bacterial and fungal communities in those samples were determined by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region, respectively. By compiling human impact variables as well as climate and soil variables, our goal was to elucidate the association between microbial richness and human activity when climate and soil variables are taken into account. We found that soil microbial richness was associated with human activity. Specifically, human population density was positively associated with the richness of bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and fungal plant pathogens, but it was negatively associated with the richness of cellulolytic bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Together, these results suggest that the associations between geographic variations of soil microbial richness and human activity still persist when climate and soil variables are taken into account and that these associations vary among different microbial taxonomic and functional groups.

scholarly journals Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwen Qin ◽  
Aki S Havulinna ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pekka Jousilahti ◽  
Scott C Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Disease Analysis

Co-evolution between humans and the microbial communities colonizing them has resulted in an intimate assembly of thousands of microbial species mutualistically living on and in their body and impacting multiple aspects of host physiology and health. Several studies examining whether human genetic variation can affect gut microbiota suggest a complex combination of environmental and host factors. Here, we leverage a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial shotgun metagenomes, dietary information and health records up to 16 years post-sampling, to characterize human genetic variations associated with microbial abundances, and predict possible causal links with various diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 583 independent SNP-taxon associations at genome-wide significance (p<5.0×10-8), which included notable strong associations with LCT (p=5.02×10-35), ABO (p=1.1×10-12), and MED13L (p=1.84×10-12). A combination of genetics and dietary habits was shown to strongly shape the abundances of certain key bacterial members of the gut microbiota, and explain their genetic association. Genetic effects from the LCT locus on Bifidobacterium and three other associated taxa significantly differed according to dairy intake. Variation in mucin-degrading Faecalicatena lactaris abundances were associated with ABO, highlighting a preferential utilization of secreted A/B/AB-antigens as energy source in the gut, irrespectively of fibre intake. Enterococcus faecalis levels showed a robust association with a variant in MED13L, with putative links to colorectal cancer. Finally, we identified putative causal relationships between gut microbes and complex diseases using MR, with a predicted effect of Morganella on major depressive disorder that was consistent with observational incident disease analysis. Overall, we present striking examples of the intricate relationship between humans and their gut microbial communities, and highlight important health implications.

scholarly journals Deterioration-Associated Microbiome of Stone Monuments: Structure, Variation, and Assembly

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Bingjian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoru Yang ◽  
Qinya Ge
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Stone Deterioration

ABSTRACTResearch on the microbial communities that colonize stone monuments may provide a new understanding of stone biodeterioration and microbe-induced carbonate precipitation. This work investigated the seasonal variation of microbial communities in 2016 and 2017, as well as its effects on stone monuments. We determined the bacterial and fungal compositions of 12 samples from four well-separated geographic locations by using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer gene amplicon sequencing.Cyanobacteriaand Ascomycota were the predominant bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively, and differences in species abundance among our 12 samples and 2 years showed no consistent temporal or spatial trends. Alpha diversity, estimated by Shannon and Simpson indices, revealed that an increase or decrease in bacterial diversity corresponded to a decrease or increase in the fungal community from 2016 to 2017. Large-scale association analysis identified potential bacteria and fungi correlated with stone deterioration. Functional prediction revealed specific pathways and microbiota associated with stone deterioration. Moreover, a culture-dependent technique was used to identify microbial isolates involved in biodeterioration and carbonatogenesis; 64% of 85 bacterial isolates caused precipitation of carbonates in biomineralization assays. Imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence imaging identified CaCO3crystals as calcite and vaterite. Although CaCO3precipitation induced by bacteria often has esthetically deleterious impacts on stone monuments, this process may potentially serve as a novel, environmentally friendly bacterial self-inoculation approach to the conservation of stone.IMPORTANCEComprehensive analyses of the microbiomes associated with the deterioration of stone monuments may contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of deterioration, as well as to the identification of potentially beneficial or undesirable microbial communities and their genomic pathways. In our study, we demonstrated thatCyanobacteriawas the predominant bacterial phylum and exhibited an increase from 2016 to 2017, whileProteobacteriashowed a decreasing trend. Apart from esthetic deterioration caused by cyanobacteria and fungi, white plaque, which is composed mainly of CaCO3and is probably induced byCrossiellaandCyanobacteria, was also considered to be another threat to stone monuments. We showed that there was no significant correlation between microbial population variation and geographic location. Specific functional genes and pathways were also enriched in particular bacterial species. The CaCO3precipitation induced by an indigenous community of carbonatogenic bacteria also provides a self-inoculation approach for the conservation of stone.

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