Car wash wastewater treatment and water reuse – a case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Zaneti ◽  
R. Etchepare ◽  
J. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Car Wash Wastewater

Recent features of a car wash wastewater reclamation system and results from a full-scale car wash wastewater treatment and recycling process are reported. This upcoming technology comprises a new flocculation–column flotation process, sand filtration, and a final chlorination. A water usage and savings audit (22 weeks) showed that almost 70% reclamation was possible, and fewer than 40 L of fresh water per wash were needed. Wastewater and reclaimed water were characterized by monitoring chemical, physicochemical and biological parameters. Results were discussed in terms of aesthetic quality (water clarification and odour), health (pathological) and chemical (corrosion and scaling) risks. A microbiological risk model was applied and the Escherichia coli proposed criterion for car wash reclaimed water is 200 CFU 100 mL−1. It is believed that the discussions on car wash wastewater reclamation criteria may assist institutions to create laws in Brazil and elsewhere.

Car wash wastewater reclamation. Full-scale application and upcoming features

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zaneti ◽  
Ramiro Etchepare ◽  
Jorge Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Car Wash Wastewater

Reclaimed water reuse in the Mediterranean region: some considerations on water resources, standards and bacterial re-growth phenomena

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nurizzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Economical Feasibility

Problems related to wastewater reclamation and reuse in the countries of the Mediterranean region are discussed with reference to growing conflicts among agriculture, tourism, cities and industries. All reuse options are strongly influenced by requested water quality, especially the microbiological one, and for this reason standards for reclaimed water have to be fixed having in mind both the safety of reuse and its practical and economical feasibility. The paper will discuss, as an example of a type of approach, also the regulations' evolution with reference to the Italian situation. Some considerations on the feasibility of current indicator bacteria will be done, making reference also to the bacterial re-growth potential associated with various disinfection agents and to the applicability of advanced methods capable to individuate partially damaged cells and therefore useful to a better evaluation of the possible re-growth phenomena.

Determination and occurrence of organic micropollutants in reverse osmosis treatment for advanced water reuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Gomez ◽  
Katariina Majamaa ◽  
Eva Pocurull ◽  
Francesc Borrull
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
North East ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ro Membrane

The growing demand on water resources has increased the interest in wastewater reclamation for multiple end-use applications such as indirect and direct potable reuse. In these applications, the removal of organic micropollutants is of a greater concern than in conventional wastewater treatment. This article presents a collection of data of trace organic micropollutants in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North East Spain using reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The RO rejection values of the organic molecules studied with a wide range of solute size and hydrophobicity were determined. Several chromatographic methods monitoring different endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were used. Results indicated that secondary effluents from this Spanish WWTP contained most of the studied organic compounds indicating incomplete removal of organics in the conventional treatment of the plant. However, the rejection of most micropollutants was high for all three RO membrane types (low energy, high rejection, fouling resistant) tested. It was observed that some selected micropollutants were less efficiently removed (e.g. the small and polar and the more hydrophobic) and the molecular weight and membrane material influenced removal efficiencies.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CREDIBLE RISK MODEL FOR A RECLAIMED WATER REUSE ANALYSIS FOR THE F. WAYNE HILL WATER RESOURCES CENTER

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (11) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Holly A. Elmendorf ◽  
Frank J. Stephens ◽  
Shobha B. Rao ◽  
James Salter ◽  
Joseph Jacangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Reclaimed Water

scholarly journals Dissolved Air Flotation: A Review from the Perspective of System Parameters and Uses in Wastewater Treatment

TecnoLógicas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (52) ◽  
pp. e2111
Author(s):  
Jeimmy Adriana Muñoz-Alegría ◽  
Elena Muñoz-España ◽  
Juan Fernando Flórez-Marulanda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

The current issues of climate change and high freshwater demand worldwide have promoted the implementation of wastewater reclamation technologies. This study aims to review the efficiency of the dissolved air flotation (DAF) technique in a wide variety of applications in the agricultural, industrial, domestic, and municipal sectors, which have high freshwater consumption worldwide. We made a systematic review of the DAF technique in wastewater treatment in 2015-2021. We reviewed six indexed databases and governmental statistical reports; we used the keywords: dissolved air flotation, microbubbles, wastewater treatment, and the main operating and design parameters involved in the effectiveness of the flotation process. Additionally, we conducted a review of the most common synthetic coagulant studies used with DAF, as well as natural coagulants that promise to mitigate current climate change. Finally, we discussed advantages, disadvantages, and potential future studies. DAF to have considerable potential for wastewater treatment, as well as for waste utilization. The generation of large quantities of DAF sludge is a breakthrough for clean energy production, as it allows the use of this waste for biogas production.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification using pure-culture bacteria for wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khanichaidecha ◽  
A. Nakaruk ◽  
K. Ratananikom ◽  
R. Eamrat ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Term Operation

Abstract Due to the high water demand and unsustainable water resource, wastewater reclamation and wastewater treatment prior to discharge have become current important issues. Various treatment technologies, such as biological processes, have been improved as alternatives. In this study, the biological nitrogen removal system using pure-culture Bacillus licheniformis was developed and used as an internal treatment unit in an aquarium to improve the effluent quality for water reuse. The efficiencies for NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal and the quality of treated water verified the occurrence of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification; the nitrification rate was 0.84 mg/L-h and the denitrification rate was 0.62 mg/L-h. The maximal NH4-N and TN removal efficiencies were approximately 73% at the influent NH4-N of 30 mg/L. However, the other competitive heterotroph of Pseudomonas sp. was observed, which resulted in dramatically decreasing efficiencies and an enlarged ratio of carbon consumption and nitrogen removal. Although the overall performance of the B. licheniformis system was lower than the system using mixed-culture nitrifying and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms, the advantages of the B. licheniformis system were ease of operation and the fact that it is a land-limited treatment system. The research is ongoing to enhance performance and maintain excellent efficiency in a long-term operation.

scholarly journals An integrated energy, carbon, water, and economic analysis of reclaimed water use in urban settings: a case study of Austin, Texas

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlynn S. Stillwell ◽  
Kelly M. Twomey ◽  
Rusty Osborne ◽  
David M. Greene ◽  
Dan W. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Capital Costs

As water supplies become strained, some municipalities have turned to reclaimed water as a potential source to meet non-potable needs. Such reclaimed water – wastewater effluent treated to appropriate quality standards – is not suitable for human consumption without additional treatment, but can be used for purposes such as irrigation and cooling. One reclaimed water distribution system of particular interest is at the University of Texas at Austin (UT), USA, which receives treated effluent from City of Austin wastewater treatment plants. Depending on the embedded energy of existing water sources, existing levels of wastewater treatment, and the extent of the relevant distribution network, water reuse can save energy and carbon emissions compared with conventional drinking water distribution systems, at the expense of higher capital costs. Our analysis uses EPANet modeling software and historical datasets to examine the embedded energy and carbon emissions in drinking water and reclaimed water for non-potable applications at UT. We then examine the overall economics of reclaimed water use, including capital and operating costs for a variety of amortization periods, financing costs, and externality costs using a levelized-cost of water methodology. This integrated analysis serves as the basis for developing principles of sustainable water reuse.

scholarly journals A Column Study on The Efficiency and Reusability of Kapok Fibre as Car Wash Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1144 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
N H Hashim ◽  
W C Chen ◽  
M S S Ibrahim ◽  
N M Abdullah ◽  
Z Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Car Wash Wastewater

scholarly journals Reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation in a hydroponic system: the need of micropollutant removal by advanced wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kreuzig ◽  
Jaqueline Haller-Jans ◽  
Cornelia Bischoff ◽  
Johannes Leppin ◽  
Jörn Germer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Advanced Wastewater Treatment

AbstractFor a novel approach of resource-efficient water reuse, a municipal wastewater treatment plant was extended at pilot scale for advanced wastewater treatment, i.e., ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, and a hydroponic system for reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation. The treatment specific wastewater lines with the corresponding lettuce plants, differentiated into roots and shoots, were monitored for priority wastewater micropollutants, i.e., acesulfame (sweetener), caffeine (stimulant), carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole with acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (human pharmaceuticals), 1H-benzotriazole, and 4/5-methylbenzotriazole (industrial chemicals). As clearly demonstrated, conventional tertiary treatment could not efficiently clean up wastewater. Removal efficiencies ranged from 3% for carbamazepine to 100% for ibuprofen. The resulting pollution of the hydroponic water lines led to the accumulation of acesulfame, carbamazepine, and diclofenac in lettuce root systems at 32.0, 69.5, and 135 μg kg−1 and in the uptake of acesulfame and carbamazepine into lettuce shoots at 23.4 and 120 μg kg−1 dry weight, respectively. In contrast, both advanced treatment technologies when operating under optimized conditions achieved removal efficiencies of > 90% also for persistent micropollutants. Minimizing the pollution of reclaimed water thus met one relevant need for hydroponic lettuce cultivation. Graphical abstract

Pilot scale reverse osmosis refinery wastewater treatment – a techno-economical and sustainability assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro D. A. Bastos ◽  
Maria António Santos ◽  
Pedro Jorge Carvalho ◽  
Svetlozar Velizarov ◽  
João G. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
The Past

Technologies for wastewater reclamation and water reuse within oil refineries have been gaining particular attention over the past decade due to legislative pressures associated with the efficient use of water resources and wastewater discharge.

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