Two-stage combined treatment of acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Deng ◽  
Lian-Shin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Acid Mine

This study examined the feasibility of the combined treatment of field-collected acid mine drainages (AMD, pH = 4.2 ± 0.9, iron = 112 ± 118 mg/L, sulfate = 1,846 ± 594 mg/L) and municipal wastewater (MWW, avg. chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 234–333 mg/L) using a two-stage process. The process consisted of batch mixing of the two wastes to condition the mixture solutions, followed by anaerobic biological treatment. The mixings performed under a range of AMD/MWW ratios resulted in phosphate removal of 9 to ∼100%, the mixture pH of 6.2–7.9, and COD/sulfate concentration ratio of 0.05–5.4. The biological treatment consistently removed COD and sulfate by >80% from the mixture solutions for COD/sulfate ratios of 0.6–5.4. Alkalinity was produced in the biological treatment causing increased pH and further removal of metals from the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy of produced sludge with energy dispersion analysis suggested chemical precipitation and associated adsorption and co-precipitation as the mechanisms for metal removal (Fe: >99%, Al: ∼100%, Mn: 75 to ∼100%, Ca: 52–81%, Mg: 13–76%, and Na: 56–76%). The study showed promising results for the treatment method and denoted the potential of developing innovative technologies for combined management of the two wastes in mining regions.

Biological treatment of heavy metals in acid mine drainage using sulfate reducing bioreactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
S. Karri ◽  
S. Freeman ◽  
J.A. Field
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acid Mine

The uncontrolled release of acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned mines and tailing piles threatens water resources in many sites worldwide. AMD introduces elevated concentrations of sulfate ions and dissolved heavy metals as well as high acidity levels to groundwater and receiving surface water. Anaerobic biological processes relying on the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria are being considered for the treatment of AMD and other heavy metal containing effluents. Biogenic sulfides form insoluble complexes with heavy metals resulting in their precipitation. The objective of this study was to investigate the remediation of AMD in sulfate reducing bioreactors inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge and fed with an influent containing ethanol. Biological treatment of an acidic (pH 4.0) synthetic AMD containing high concentrations of heavy metals (100 mg Cu2+l−1; 10 mg Ni2+l−1, 10 mg Zn2+l−1) increased the effluent pH level to 7.0–7.2 and resulted in metal removal efficiencies exceeding 99.2%. The highest metal precipitation rates attained for Cu, Ni and Zn averaged 92.5, 14.6 and 15.8 mg metal l−1 of reactor d−1. The results of this work demonstrate that an ethanol-fed sulfidogenic reactor was highly effective to remove heavy metal contamination and neutralized the acidity of the synthetic wastewater.

scholarly journals Stream Monitoring and Preliminary Co-Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage and Municipal Wastewater along Dunkard Creek Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Deng ◽  
Lian-shin Lin ◽  
Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Stream Monitoring ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Wide Range

This study investigated coal-mine drainage (AMD) and municipal wastewater (MWW) contaminant concentrations and conducted the combined treatment in phases I and II: phase I, evaluating effects of mixing the two based on extent of acid neutralization and metals removal; phase II: conducting anaerobic batch reactor treatment of AMD and MWW under varying COD/sulfate ratios (0.04-5.0). In phase I, acid mine drainage water quality conditions are as follows: pH 4.5, acidity 467.5 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 96.0 mg/L as CaCO3, Cl- 11.8 mg/L, SO42- 1722 mg/L, TDS 2757.5 mg/L, TSS 9.8 mg/L, BOD 14.7 mg/L, Fe 138.1 mg/L, Mg 110.8 mg/L. Mn 7.5 mg/L, Al 8.1 mg/L, Na 114.2 mg/L, and Ca 233.5 mg/L. Results of the mixing experiments indicated significant removal of selected metals (Fe 85~98%, Mg 0~65%, Mn 63~89%, Al 98~99%, Na 0~30%), acidity (77~95%) from the mine water and pH was raised to above 6.3. The Phase II results suggested under the wide range of COD/sulfate ratios, COD and sulfate removal varied from 37.4%-100% and 0%-93.5% respectively. During biological treatment, alkalinity was generated which leads to pH increase to around 7.6-8.5. The results suggested feasibility of the proposed technology for co-treatment of AMD and MWW. A conceptual design of co-treatment system which is expected to remove a matrix of pollutants has been provided to utilize all the locally available water resources to achieve the optimum treatment efficiency. The technology also offers an opportunity to significantly reduce capital and operating costs compared to the existing treatment methodologies used.

Treatment of a complex landfill leachate with peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Iron Manganese

The use of cheap, locally available peat as a treatment method for landfill leachate was investigated by passing leachate through plexiglass columns filled with an amorphous-granular peat. Preliminary adjustment of pH showed that reducing pH to 4.8 dramatically reduced adsorption. Increasing the pH to 8.4, metal removal was increased owing to filtration of precipitated metals. The best adsorption of metals occurred at the 'natural' pH of 7.1. Manganese was found to be the limiting pollutant. At the 0.05 mg/ℓ maximum acceptable manganese concentration 94% of the total metals were removed, requiring 159 kg of peat per 1000 ℓ of leachate.Resting the peat for 1 month did significantly increase removal capacity.Desorption of some contaminants occurred when water was percolated through the peat. The desorption test effluent was not toxic to fish although iron, lead and COD (chemical oxygen demand) exceeded acceptable values.Chemical pretreatment using lime and ferric chloride achieved significant iron, manganese and calcium removals. Chemical pretreatment followed by peat adsorption offered no advantage other than reducing toxicity to fish.Peat treatment alone was effective in reducing concentrations to a level that was non-toxic to fish.

scholarly journals Understanding the biogeochemical mechanisms of metal removal from acid mine drainage with a subsurface limestone bed at the Motokura Mine, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeshi Fuchida ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
Masakazu Kadokura ◽  
Chiharu Tokoro
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Manganese Compound ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Copper Zinc

AbstractSubsurface limestone beds (SLBs) are used as a passive treatment technique to remove toxic metals from acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms and thermodynamics of metal (manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) precipitation in the SLB installed at the Motokura Mine. Field surveys in 2017 and 2018 showed that the pH of the SLB influent (initially 5–6) increased to approximately 8 in the drain between 24 and 45 m from the inlet. This increase was caused by limestone dissolution and resulted in the precipitation of hydroxides and/or carbonates of copper, zinc, and lead, as expected from theoretical calculations. Manganese and cadmium were removed within a pH range of approximately 7–8, which was lower than the pH at which they normally precipitate as hydroxides (pH 9–10). X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis of the sediment indicated that δ-MnO2, which has a high cation-exchange capacity, was the predominant tetravalent manganese compound in the SLB rather than trivalent compound (MnOOH). Biological analysis indicates that microorganism activity of the manganese-oxidizing bacteria in the SLB provided an opportunity for δ-MnO2 formation, after which cadmium was removed by surface complexation with MnO2 (≡ MnOH0 + Cd2+  ⇄  ≡ MnOCd+  +  H+). These findings show that biological agents contributed to the precipitation of manganese and cadmium in the SLB, and suggest that their utilization could enhance the removal performance of the SLB.

scholarly journals Influence of Monovalent Cations on the Efficiency of Ferrous Ion Oxidation, Total Iron Precipitation, and Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) and As(III) in Simulated Acid Mine Drainage with Inoculation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Song ◽  
Heru Wang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yanxiao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Acid mine drainage is highly acidic and contains large quantities of Fe and heavy metal elements. Thus, it is important to promote the transformation of Fe into secondary iron minerals that exhibit strong heavy-metal removal abilities. Using simulated acid mine drainage, this work analyzes the influence of monovalent cations (K+, NH4+, and Na+) on the Fe2+ oxidation and total Fe deposition efficiencies, as well as the phases of secondary iron minerals in an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans system. It also compares the Cr(VI) (K2Cr2O7) and As(III) (As2O3) removal efficiencies of different schwertmannites. The results indicated that high concentrations of monovalent cations (NH4+ ≥ 320 mmol/L, and Na+ ≥ 1600 mmol/L) inhibited the biological oxidation of Fe2+. Moreover, the mineralizing abilities of the three cations differed (K+ > NH4+ > Na+), with cumulative Fe deposition efficiencies of 58.7%, 28.1%, and 18.6%, respectively [n(M) = 53.3 mmol/L, cultivation time = 96 h]. Additionally, at initial Cr(VI) and As(III) concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/L, respectively, the Cr(VI) and As(III) removal efficiencies exhibited by schwertmannites acquired by the three mineralization systems differed [n(Na) = 53.3 > n(NH4) = 53.3 > n(K) = 0.8 mmol/L]. Overall, the analytical results suggested that the removal efficiency of toxic elements was mainly influenced by the apparent structure, particle size, and specific surface area of schwertmannite.

Novel Passive Co-Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage and Municipal Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. J. Strosnider ◽  
Brandon K. Winfrey ◽  
Robert W. Nairn
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine

scholarly journals Novel hybrid metal loaded chelating resins for removal of toxic metals from acid mine drainage

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568-2584
Author(s):  
Caroline Lomalungelo Dlamini ◽  
Lueta-Ann De Kock ◽  
Kebede Keterew Kefeni ◽  
Bhekie Brilliance Mamba ◽  
Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr) and titanium (Ti) oxides nanoparticles were each embedded onto a weak acid chelating resin for support using the precipitation method to generate three hybrid adsorbents of hydrated Fe oxide (HFO-P), hydrated Zr oxide (HZO-P) and hydrated Ti oxide (HTO-P). This paper reports on the characterization, performance and potential of these generated nanoadsorbents in the removal of toxic metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD). The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for aluminium (Al) (III) adsorption were established using the batch equilibrium technique. The metal levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of the metal oxides within the hybrid resin beads. HFO-P, HZO-P and HTO-P adsorbed Al(III) rapidly from synthetic water with maximum adsorption capacities of 54.04, 58.36 and 40.10 mg/g, respectively, at initial pH 1.80 ± 0.02. The adsorption of Al(III) is of the second-order in nature (R2 > 0.98). The nanosorbents removed ten selected metals from environmental AMD and the metal removal efficiency was in the order HTO-P > HZO-P > HFO-P. All three hybrid nanosorbents can be used to remove metals from AMD; the choice would be dependent on the pH of the water to be treated.

scholarly journals Innovative Biological Treatment Processes for Wastewater in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan ◽  
Bernard F. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract Biological treatment of wastewater has been employed successfully for many types of industries. Aerobic processes have been used extensively. Production of large amounts of sludge is the main problem and methods such as biofilters and membrane bioreactors are being developed to combat this phenomenon. Anaerobic waste treatment has undergone significant developments and is now reliable with low retention times. The UASB, the original high rate anaerobic reactor, is now becoming less popular than the EGSB reactor. New developments such as the Annamox process are highly promising for nitrogen removal. For metal removal, processes such as biosorption and biosurfactants combined with ultrafiltration membranes are under development. Biosurfactants have also shown promise as dispersing agents for oil spills. If space is available, wetlands can be used to reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients and heavy metals. These innovative processes are described in this paper in terms of applications, the stage of development, and future research needs particular to Canada.

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