scholarly journals Dynamic control of nutrient-removal from industrial wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, using common and low-cost online sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dries
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

On-line control of the biological treatment process is an innovative tool to cope with variable concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and nutrients in industrial wastewater. In the present study we implemented a simple dynamic control strategy for nutrient-removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating variable tank truck cleaning wastewater. The control system was based on derived signals from two low-cost and robust sensors that are very common in activated sludge plants, i.e. oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen. The amount of wastewater fed during anoxic filling phases, and the number of filling phases in the SBR cycle, were determined by the appearance of the ‘nitrate knee’ in the profile of the ORP. The phase length of the subsequent aerobic phases was controlled by the oxygen uptake rate measured online in the reactor. As a result, the sludge loading rate (F/M ratio), the volume exchange rate and the SBR cycle length adapted dynamically to the activity of the activated sludge and the actual characteristics of the wastewater, without affecting the final effluent quality.

Nutrient Removal and Nitrous Oxide Emission by a Two-Step Fed SBR in Treating Dairy Manure Wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah (Xiao) Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Preset Time

Abstract. In this study, a two-step fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was employed to treat dairy manure wastewater to remove nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and to examine the associated nitrous oxide (N2O) emission by the SBR treatment. The SBR was operated on an 8 h cycle with preset time periods for different phases, including anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic phases. The results showed that the SBR system could effectively reduce the nutrients in the wastewater, with removal efficiencies reaching 86.6%, 95.6%, 98.8%, 100%, 97.9%, 95.6%, and 99.8%, respectively, for volatile solids (VS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), COD, and BOD5. However, the SBR could not complete denitrification at the end of the cycle, with 12 mg L-1 nitrate left in the effluent, possibly due to suppression of denitrifiers by the anoxic/aeration phase that was placed almost at the end of cycle and overprovided oxygen to the liquid. Denitrification was found to be a major process for N2O generation, so reducing denitrification time in the cycle is recommended, given that the overall performance of the SBR system in removing nutrients was not compromised. Using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) alone to automate the SBR control was not sufficient to avoid failure of the system. Keywords: Dairy manure wastewater, Nitrous oxide emission, Nutrient removal, ORP control, Sequencing batch reactor, Two-step fed strategy.

Organic and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of sequestered denitrification and separate nitrification in a low-loaded activated sludge process

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. Shin ◽  
S.-Y. Nam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

A separate sludge system incorporating sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for sequestered denitrification and an immobilized fixed-film reactor for nitrification was investigated in this study. Emphases were placed on the preservation of organic matter as an electron donor for denitrification and the improvement of nitrification efficiency by using an immobilization technique with alginate coating. To preserve organic materials in the sludge required for denitrification, a study was made with a contact process. The contactor, when operated with a short detention time, gave incomplete metabolism of organic matter. With 64% of the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was adsorbed to activated sludge within 30 min. The specific mass of organic matter uptaken was 55 mg SCOD/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), which enhanced the denitrification efficiency up to 63% in the following denitrification step. Thus, the required COD in the proposed system can be saved up to 63% as an available electron donor for the conventional aerobic process. The immobilized nitrification unit showed over 90% of nitrate production rate up to 50 mg/l of influent ammonia load.

scholarly journals Design of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Treatment Plant for Abattoir Wastewater (A Case of Apa Mmini Stream)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Ogbebor Daniel ◽  
Ndekwu, Benneth Onyedikachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sequence Batch Reactor ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The study aimed at designing a wastewater treatment method for removal of (Biological Oxygen Demand) BOD5 using Sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Study Design: SBR functions as a fill-and-draw type of activated sludge system involving a single complete-mix reactor where all steps of an activated sludge process take place. Methodology: The intermittent nature of slaughterhouse wastewaters favours batch treatment methods like sequence batch reactor (SBR). Attempts to remediate the impact of this BOD5 on the stream, led to the design of a sequence batch reactor which was designed to treat slaughterhouse effluent of 1000 L. Results: The oxygen requirement for effective removal of BOD5 to 95% was determined to be 21.10513 kgO2/d, while L:B  of 3:1 was considered for the reactor. Also, air mixing pressure for the design was 0.16835 bar, while settling velocity was . Conclusion: To ensure proper treatment of BOD5 load of the slaughterhouse, a sequencing Batch reactor of 1000 litre carrying capacity was designed. For effective operation of this design, the pressure exerted by the mixing air was 0.16835 bar which was far greater than the pressure exerted by the reactor content and the nozzle. Settling velocity of 0.0003445 m/s for 0.887 hrs was required for the reactor to be stable and a theoretical air requirement of 1.6884 m³/d was calculated. Hence the power dissipated by the rising air bubbles to ensure efficient mixing of oxygen in the reactor was calculated as 26530003.91 Kilowatts. With these design parameters, the high BOD5 load downstream of the river can be treated to fall below the FMEnv recommended limit of 50 mg/l.

scholarly journals Impact of the Biological Cotreatment of the Kalina Pond Leachate on Laboratory Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation and Activated Sludge Quality

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Michalska ◽  
Izabela Greń ◽  
Joanna Żur ◽  
Daniel Wasilkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Mrozik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process

Hauling landfill leachate to offsite urban wastewater treatment plants is a way to achieve pollutant removal. However, the implementation of biological methods for the treatment of landfill leachate can be extremely challenging. This study aims to investigate the effect of blending wastewater with 3.5% and 5.5% of the industrial leachate from the Kalina pond (KPL) on the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and capacity of activated sludge microorganisms. The results showed that the removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand declined in the contaminated SBR from 100% to 69% and, subsequently, to 41% after the cotreatment with 3.5% and 5.5% of the pollutant. In parallel, the activities of the dehydrogenases and nonspecific esterases declined by 58% and 39%, and 79% and 81% after 32 days of the exposure of the SBR to 3.5% and 5.5% of the leachate, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the KPL in the sewage affected the sludge microorganisms through a reduction in their functional capacity as well as a decrease in the percentages of the marker fatty acids for different microbial groups. A multifactorial analysis of the parameters relevant for the wastewater treatment process confirmed unambiguously the negative impact of the leachate on the operation, activity, and structure of the activated sludge.

Comparison of Biocenoses from Continuous and Sequencing Batch Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms

Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are often used for research on nutrient removal systems. A model anaerobic-oxic SBR was compared with a compartmentalized continuous-flow system. The levels of COD, phosphorus, and nitrogen removal in both systems were comparable but the biocenoses differed significantly. The SVI values of activated sludge from the continuous reactor ranged between 100 and 200 ml/g although no significant occurrence of filamentous microorganisms was observed. The sequencing batch reactor produced activated sludge with the SVIs below 100 ml/g and with high settling velocities. Filamentous microorganisms were frequently observed in the biocenosis of the SBR. The differences in settling properties and filamentous growth in both reactors are discussed and explained.

scholarly journals Laboratory-scale investigation on the role of microalgae towards a sustainable treatment of real municipal wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1726-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petrini ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
G. Andreottola
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
N Assimilation

Abstract Engineered microalgal-bacteria consortia are an attractive solution towards a low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment that does not rely on artificial mechanical aeration. In the research conducted for this study, a bench-scale photo-sequencing-batch reactor (PSBR) was operated without external aeration. A spontaneous consortium of microalgae and bacteria was developed in the PSBR at a concentration of 0.8–1.7 g TSS/L. The PSBR ensured removal efficiency of 85 ± 8% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98 ± 2% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Nitrogen balance revealed that the main mechanisms for TKN removal was autotrophic nitrification, while N assimilation and denitrification accounted for 4% and 56%, respectively. The development of dense microalgae–bacteria bioflocs resulted in good settleability with average effluent concentration of 16 mgTSS/L. The ammonium removal rate was 2.9 mgN L−1 h−1, which corresponded to 2.4 mgN gTSS−1 h−1. Although this specific ammonium removal rate is similar to activated sludge, the volumetric rate is lower due to the limited total suspended solids (TSS) concentration (three times less than activated sludge). Therefore, the PSBR footprint appears less competitive than activated sludge. However, ammonium was completely removed without artificial aeration, resulting in a very cost-effective process. Only 50% of phosphorus was removed, suggesting that further research on P uptake is needed.

scholarly journals Ecology of the Microbial Community Removing Phosphate from Wastewater under Continuously Aerobic Conditions in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johwan Ahn ◽  
Sarah Schroeder ◽  
Michael Beer ◽  
Simon McIlroy ◽  
Ronald C. Bayly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Aerobic Process

ABSTRACT All activated sludge systems for removing phosphate microbiologically are configured so the biomass is cycled continuously through alternating anaerobic and aerobic zones. This paper describes a novel aerobic process capable of decreasing the amount of phosphate from 10 to 12 mg P liter−1 to less than 0.1 mg P liter−1 (when expressed as phosphorus) over an extended period from two wastewaters with low chemical oxygen demand. One wastewater was synthetic, and the other was a clarified effluent from a conventional activated sludge system. Unlike anaerobic/aerobic enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) processes where the organic substrates and the phosphate are supplied simultaneously to the biomass under anaerobic conditions, in this aerobic process, the addition of acetate, which begins the feed stage, is temporally separated from the addition of phosphate, which begins the famine stage. Conditions for establishing this process in a sequencing batch reactor are detailed, together with a description of the changes in poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(P) levels in the biomass occurring under the feed and famine regimes, which closely resemble those reported in anaerobic/aerobic EBPR processes. Profiles obtained with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were very similar for communities fed both wastewaters, and once established, these communities remained stable over prolonged periods of time. 16S rRNA-based clone libraries generated from the two communities were also very similar. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/microautoradiography and histochemical staining revealed that “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” bacteria were the dominant poly(P)-accumulating organisms (PAO) in both communities, with the phenotype expected for PAO. FISH also identified large numbers of betaproteobacterial Dechloromonas and alphaproteobacterial tetrad-forming organisms related to Defluviicoccus in both communities, but while these organisms assimilated acetate and contained intracellular PHA during the feed stages, they never accumulated poly(P) during the cycles, consistent with the phenotype of glycogen-accumulating organisms.

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