Optimization of paper mill industry wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton processes using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Yazici Guvenc ◽  
Hanife Sari Erkan ◽  
Gamze Varank ◽  
Mehmet Sinan Bilgili ◽  
Guleda Onkal Engin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Industry Wastewater

This study deals with chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenol and Ca+2 removal from paper mill industry wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions of the process variables and to optimize the performance of both processes. Significant quadratic polynomial models were obtained (R2 = 0.959, R2 = 0.993 and R2 = 0.969 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively, for EC and R2 = 0.936, R2 = 0.934 and R2 = 0.890 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively). Numerical optimization based on desirability function was employed; in a 27.55 min trial, 34.7% of COD removal was achieved at pH 9 and current density 96 mA/cm2 for EC, whereas in a 30 min trial, 74.31% of COD removal was achieved at pH 2 and current density 96 mA/cm2 and H2O2/COD molar ratio 2.0 for EF. The operating costs were calculated to be 6.44 €/m3 for EC and 7.02 €/m3 for EF depending on energy and electrode consumption at optimum conditions. The results indicate that the RSM is suitable for the design and optimization of both of the processes. However, EF process was a more effective technology for paper mill industry wastewater treatment as compared with EC.

scholarly journals Comparison of chitosan based nano-adsorbents for dairy industry wastewater treatment through response surface methodology and artificial neural network models

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1250-1264
Author(s):  
B. L. Dinesha ◽  
Sharanagouda Hiregoudar ◽  
Udaykumar Nidoni ◽  
K. T. Ramappa ◽  
Anilkumar Dandekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract The present investigation was focused to compare chitosan based nano-adsorbents (CZnO and CTiO2) for efficient treatment of dairy industry wastewater using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The nano-adsorbents were synthesized using chemical precipitation method and characterized by using scanning electron microscope with elemental detection sensor (SEM-EDS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Maximum %RBOD (96.71 and 87.56%) and %RCOD (90.48 and 82.10%) for CZnO and CTiO2 nano-adsorbents were obtained at adsorbent dosage of 1.25 mg/L, initial biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 100 and 200 mg/L, pH of 7.0 and 2.00, contact time of 100 and 60 min, respectively. The results obtained for both the nano-adsorbents were subject to RSM and ANN models for determination of goodness of fit in terms of sum of square errors (SSE), root mean square error (RMSE), R2 and Adj. R2, respectively. The well trained ANN model was found superior over RSM in prediction of the treatment effect. Hence, the developed CZnO and CTiO2 nano-adsorbents could be effectively used for dairy industry wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Optimization of electro-Fenton oxidation of carbonated soft drink industry wastewater using response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Reza Davarnejad ◽  
Jamal Azizi ◽  
Amir Joodaki ◽  
Sepideh Mansoori
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The immense volume of highly polluted organic wastewater continuously generated in the beverage industry urges the design of new types of wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the electro-Fenton (EF) technique to reduce organic pollution of real effluent from a carbonated soft drink factory. The impact of various process variables like pH, time, current density, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and the volume ratio of H2O2/soft drink wastewater (SDW) was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The observed responses were in good agreement with predicted values obtained through optimization. The optimum conditions showed a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 73.07 %, pH of 4.14, time of 41.55 min, current density of 46.12 mA/cm2, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 0.9802, and H2O2/SDW volume fraction of 2.74 ml/l. The EF process was able to effectively diminish the organic pollution, reduce the residence time and, therefore, the operating costs.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

scholarly journals Optimization of electrocoagulation of instant coffee production wastewater using the response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Manh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract The COD removal efficiency from an instant coffee processing wastewater using electrocoagulation was investigated. For this purpose, the response surface methodology was employed, using central composing design to optimize three of the most important operating variables, i.e., electrolysis time, current density and initial pH. The results based upon statistical analysis showed that the quadratic models for COD removal were significant at very low probability value (<0.0001) and high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9621) value. The statistical results also indicated that all the three variables and the interaction between initial pH and electrolysis time were significant on COD abatement. The maximum predicted COD removal using the response function reached 93.3% with electrolysis time of 10 min, current density of 108.3 A/m2 and initial pH of 7.0, respectively. The removal efficiency value was agreed well with the experimental value of COD removal (90.4%) under the optimum conditions.

scholarly journals Treatment of vinegar industry wastewater by electrocoagulation with monopolar aluminum and iron electrodes and toxicity evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seval Yılmaz ◽  
Emine Esra Gerek ◽  
Yusuf Yavuz ◽  
Ali Savaş Koparal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract We present electrocoagulation (EC) treatment results of vinegar industry wastewater (VIW) using parallel plate aluminum and iron electrodes, and analyze the toxicity of the treatment processes. Due to the chemical complexity of vinegar production wastewater, several parameters are expected to alter the treatment efficiency. Particularly, current density, initial pH, Na2SO4 as support electrolyte, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and kerafloc are investigated for their effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Following several treatment experiments with real wastewater samples, aluminum-plate electrodes were able to reach to a removal efficiency of 90.91% at pH 4, 10 mg/L PAC and an electrical current density of 20.00 mA/cm2, whereas iron-plate electrodes reached to a removal efficiency of 93.60% at pH 9, 22.50 mA/cm2 current density. Although EC processes reduce COD, the usefulness of the system may not be assessed without considering the resultant toxicity. For this purpose, microtox toxicity tests were carried out for the highest COD removal case. It was observed that the process reduces toxicity, as well as the COD. Consequently, it is concluded that EC with aluminum and iron electrodes is COD removal-wise and toxicity reduction-wise a plausible method for treatment of VIW, which has high organic pollutants.

Edible Plant Oil Wastewater Treatment Using Electro-Fenton Technique: Experiment and Correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Davarnejad ◽  
Seyed Amir Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Abstract The edible plant oil production factories consume high amounts of water and contaminate the water resources. This type of wastewater consists of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) which should properly be treated by an efficient technique. Furthermore, it is containing some chemicals obtained from several sources such as H3PO4 (from hydration section), NaOH (from neutralization section) and citric acid (from nickel removal section). The conventional techniques cannot efficiently treat it which is full of COD. Therefore, the electro-Fenton process as a rapid, compact and efficient one has been encouraged to be applied. For this purpose, 47 experiments were designed and carried out using iron electrodes to evaluate the effects of five significant independent variables such as reaction time (min), pH, current density (mA/cm2), volume ratio of H2O2/wastewater (ml/l) and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio on the COD removal. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to assess individual and interactive effects of the parameters. The optimum conditions were experimentally obtained at reaction time of 87.33 min, pH of 3.03, current density of 57 mA/cm2, H2O2/wastewater volume ratio of 2.13 ml/l and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 3.61 for COD removal of 62.94 %.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) - REDUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1226-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Input Variables

Industrial waste oil in water from oil refineries and petrochemical processing poses a major environmental concern. Environmental pollution from these wastewaters is increasing and will continue to rise due to a growing demand for petrochemical products and energy. The composition of these industrial wastes varies from location to location as well as with manufacturing processes. In terms of water quality issues, chemical oxygen demand is considered one of the most problematic in oil refinery wastewater treatment. This study applies the response surface methodology to obtain a response model for industrial wastewater treatment. Operating parameters are optimized to enhance the treatment performance. The study, focusing on the effects of input variables for chemical oxygen demand removal, was experimentally carried out using dissolved air floatation jar tests. The experimental matrix incorporated the Box-Behnken design in the response surface methodology. In addition, the procedure evaluated the effect of the input variables and their interactions to obtain the optimum condition for the extent of efficiency. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand removal was sensitive to the effect of the input variables and their interactions. The statistical analysis established that the quadratic model was highly significant with a low probability (< 0.0001), indicating that the correlated regression scattering was unlikely random. The predicted model results corresponded well to the experimental results, with a coefficient of determination close to 1.0. The response surface of the model is presented in three-dimensional plots. These study results show that the addition of a coagulant to remove chemical oxygen demand is effective under acidic conditions when response surface methodology is applied.

Decolorization of reactive dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R by zirconium oxychloride as a novel coagulant: optimization through response surface methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonalika Sonal ◽  
Astha Singh ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of a novel coagulant, i.e. ZrOCl2, for the removal of anthraquinone-based reactive dye from aqueous solution. An ideal experimental setup was designed based on central composite design using response surface methodology to determine the individual and interactive effects of different operational variables (i.e. pH, coagulant dose and dye concentration) on treatment performance in terms of dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. Total 92.58% dye and 85.33% COD removal were experimentally attained at optimized conditions at low coagulant dose, i.e. 156.67 mg/L for the dye concentration of 105.67 mg/L at pH 2. To validate the working pH of the metal coagulant, the static charge of ZrOCl2 was measured using Eh value. The performance of the coagulant was validated with experimental and predicted values in the selected data set, and R2 values for both responses were found to be 0.99 and 0.95 respectively, which shows the reliability of the experimental design. Further, the toxicity of the coagulant was assessed and no such toxicity was found even up to the concentration of 500 mg/L, proclaiming the disposal of sludge may not exhibit any threat to humans. Experimental results suggested that the ZrOCl2 could be used as an eco-friendly coagulant for dye wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of a synthetic dairy wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Statistical modeling using optimization using response surface methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.L. Zinatizadeh ◽  
Y. Mansouri ◽  
A. Akhbari ◽  
S. Pashaei
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

In this study, the interactive effects of initial chemical oxygen demand (CODin), biomass concentration and aeration time on the performance of a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) treating a synthetic dairy wastewater were investigated. The experiments were conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for treatment of the synthetic dairy wastewater was taken as the area enclosed by the influent comical oxygen demand (CODin (1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/l)), biomass concentration (3000, 5000 and 7000 mg VSS/l) and aeration time (2, 8 and 18 h) boundaries. Two dependent parameters were measured or calculated as response. These parameters were total COD removal efficiency and sludge volume index (SVI). The maximum COD removal efficiencies (99.5%) were obtained at CODin, biomass concentration and aeration time of 5000 mg COD/l, 7000 mg VSS/l and 18 h, respectively. The present study provides valuable information about interrelations of quality and process parameters at different values of the operating variables.

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