scholarly journals NMR AND WELL LOGS PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SANDSTONE FROM THE MARACANGALHA FORMATION, BAHIA, BRAZIL

Author(s):  
Nathália De Souza Penna ◽  
Joelson Da Conceição Batista ◽  
Suzan Sousa de Vasconcelos

The storage and production capacity of reservoir rocks can be estimated through some petrophysics characteristics involving the lithological identification of the constitute rocks, fluids nature in the porous space, porosity, permeability, saturation and clay content. The most popular tools for obtaining these petrophysical parameters are the conventional geophysical well logs. However, the determination of petrophysical parameters from tools based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has gained prominence in recent decades. In this work, we analyzed rock samples from outcrops in Frades Island region, Bahia, Brazil, through laboratory NMR measurements, to estimate and evaluate the petrophysical properties of the Maracangalha Formation, one of the main hydrocarbons reservoirs in the Recôncavo Basin. The Sandstone samples were characterized in terms of porosity, permeability, saturation, and petrofacies. Finally, we calculated porosity, permeability, and clay content using data from gamma-ray, electrical and density logs, measured in a depth interval interpreted for Maracangalha Formation. These results corroborate with the obtained by NMR since, despite the effects of weathering and erosion on the samples used, the values of porosity and permeability obtained in NMR are in the range of values calculated from these profiles.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulwahhab Suhail ◽  
Mohammed H. Hafiz ◽  
Fadhil S. Kadhim

   Petrophysical characterization is the most important stage in reservoir management. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate reservoir properties and lithological identification of Nahr Umar Formation in Nasiriya oil field. The available well logs are (sonic, density, neutron, gamma-ray, SP, and resistivity logs). The petrophysical parameters such as the volume of clay, porosity, permeability, water saturation, were computed and interpreted using IP4.4 software. The lithology prediction of Nahr Umar formation was carried out by sonic -density cross plot technique. Nahr Umar Formation was divided into five units based on well logs interpretation and petrophysical Analysis: Nu-1 to Nu-5. The formation lithology is mainly composed of sandstone interlaminated with shale according to the interpretation of density, sonic, and gamma-ray logs. Interpretation of formation lithology and petrophysical parameters shows that Nu-1 is characterized by low shale content with high porosity and low water saturation whereas Nu-2 and Nu-4 consist mainly of high laminated shale with low porosity and permeability. Nu-3 is high porosity and water saturation and Nu-5 consists mainly of limestone layer that represents the water zone.


1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
D.I. Gravestock ◽  
E.M. Alexander

When effective porosity and permeability are measured at simulated overburden pressure, and grain size variation is taken into account, two distinct relationships are evident for Eromanga Basin reservoirs. Reservoirs in the Hutton Sandstone and Namur Sandstone Member behave such that significant porosity reduction can be sustained with retention of high permeability, whereas permeability of reservoirs in the Birkhead Formation and Murta Member is critically dependent on slight porosity variations. Logging tool responses are compared with core-derived data to show in particular the effects of grain size and clay content on the gamma ray, sonic, and density tools, where clay content is assessed from cation exchange capacity measurements. Sonic and density crossplots, constructed to provide comparison with a water-saturated 'reference' reservoir, are advantageous in comparing measured effective porosity from core plugs at overburden pressure with porosity calculated from logs. Gamma ray and sonic log responses of the Murta Member in the Murteree Horst area are clearly distinct from those of all other reservoirs, perhaps partly due to differences in mineralogy and shallower depth of burial compared with other formations.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Jadwiga A. Jarzyna ◽  
Stanisław Baudzis ◽  
Mirosław Janowski ◽  
Edyta Puskarczyk

Examples from the Polish clastic and carbonate reservoirs from the Central Polish Anticlinorium, Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep are presented to illustrate possibilities of using well logging to geothermal resources recognition and characterization. Firstly, there was presented a short description of selected well logs and methodology of determination of petrophysical parameters useful in geothermal investigations: porosity, permeability, fracturing, mineral composition, elasticity of orogeny and mineralization of formation water from well logs. Special attention was allotted to spectral gamma-ray and temperature logs to show their usefulness to radiogenic heat calculation and heat flux modelling. Electric imaging and advanced acoustic logs provided with continuous information on natural and induced fracturing of formation and improved lithology recognition. Wireline and production logging were discussed to present the wealth of methods that could be used. A separate matter was thermal conductivity provided from the laboratory experiments or calculated from the results of the comprehensive interpretation of well logs, i.e., volume or mass of minerals composing the rocks. It was proven that, in geothermal investigations and hydrocarbon prospection, the same petrophysical parameters are considered, and well-logging acquisition equipment and advanced methods of processing and interpretation, developed and improved for almost one hundred years, can be successfully used in the detection and characterization of the potential geothermal reservoirs. It was shown that the newest (current investment)—as well as the old type (archive)—logs provide useful information.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Charles C. Ekeh ◽  
Etim D. Uko ◽  
Ejiro F. Eleluwor ◽  
Friday B. Sigalo

AbstractGeophysical well logs were used to delineate the stratigraphic units and system tracks in the XYZ Field of the Niger Delta. The gross percentages for sand levels range from 93-96% in the shallow levels to 60-66% in the deeper levels. Porosity values ranged between 27% at shallower sections and 9% at deeper depths. Six depositional sequences were identified and categorized into their associated system tracts. Porosity decreases with depth in normal compacted formation for both sandstone and shale units. Surface porosity for sandstone is 42%, and for shale it is 38.7% from extrapolation of sub-surface porosity values to the surface. The depth to the base of Benin Formation is highly variable ranging between 1300 and 2600m. This study reveals the possibility to correlate sand levels over long distances which enables inferring porosity values laterally. The knowledge of the existent stratigraphic units, the Benin, Agbada and Akata Formations and their petrophysical parameters such as porosity, lateral continuity of the sands and shales, the variation of the net-to-gross of sands with depth, enables the reservoir engineer to develop a plan for the number and location of the wells to be drilled into the reservoir, the rates of production that can be sustained for optimum recovery. The reservoir engineer can also estimate the productivity and ultimate recovery (reserves) using the results on this work.


2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ribeiro ◽  
M. V. M. Mata ◽  
L. S. Lucena ◽  
U. L. Fulco ◽  
G. Corso

Abstract. We employ the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) technique to investigate spatial properties of an oil reservoir. This reservoir is situated at Bacia de Namorados, RJ, Brazil. The data correspond to well logs of the following geophysical quantities: sonic, gamma ray, density, porosity and electrical resistivity, measured in 56 wells. We tested the hypothesis of constructing spatial models using data from fluctuation analysis over well logs. To verify this hypothesis, we compare the matrix of distances of well logs with the differences in DFA exponents of geophysical quantities using a spatial correlation function and the Mantel test. Our data analysis suggests that the sonic profile is a good candidate for representing spatial structures. Then, we apply the clustering analysis technique to the sonic profile to identify these spatial patterns. In addition, we use the Mantel test to search for correlations between DFA exponents of geophysical quantities.


2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. HADLEY ◽  
A. RUFFELL ◽  
A. G. LESLIE

The Caledonian Horn Head Slide is a spectacular ductile shear zone transecting Neoproterozoic Appin Group Dalradian metasediments in Donegal (NW Ireland). Two conflicting stratigraphic interpretations exist for the inverted succession exposed in the hanging wall of the structure. These are based on correlation with two quite separate exposed pelite formations elsewhere. The two formations are lithologically indistinct and unfossiliferous. Here we document the novel use of assayed and logged spectral gamma-ray measurements in comparing the contentious pelite in the hanging wall of the Horn Head Slide to the two possible correlative pelite formations from a wide area of their unequivocal outcrop. The data from the contentious pelite show a clear statistical and stratigraphical affinity with one candidate unit only, thus providing the stratigraphical definition necessary for refining previous cross-sections. A new model, based on our spectral gamma-ray correlation, is proposed to account for the northwestwards directed emplacement of the Lower Falcarragh Pelite Formation along the slide. This model requires pre-Caledonian normal faulting as a precursor to the ensuing compressional event in which stratigraphically younger rocks were thrust over older, a common instance in fold and thrust belt geometry. Our work suggests that spectral gamma-ray measurements may provide a rapid, field-based method for differentiating unfossiliferous pelite or mudstone units at outcrop and in geophysical well-logs, even in structurally complex areas.


Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. D155-D167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Dobróka ◽  
Norbert Péter Szabó ◽  
József Tóth ◽  
Péter Vass

The quality analysis of well-logging inversion results has always been an important part of formation evaluation. The precise calculation of hydrocarbon reserves requires the most accurate possible estimation of porosity, water saturation, and shale and rock-matrix volumes. The local inversion method conventionally used to predict the above model parameters depth by depth represents a marginally overdetermined inverse problem, which is rather sensitive to the uncertainty of observed data and limited in estimation accuracy. To reduce the harmful effect of data noise on the estimated model, we have suggested the interval inversion method, in which an increase of the overdetermination ratio allows a more accurate solution of the well-logging inverse problem. The interval inversion method inverts the data set of a longer depth interval to predict the vertical distributions of petrophysical parameters in a joint inversion procedure. In formulating the forward problem, we have extended the validity of probe response functions to a greater depth interval assuming the petrophysical parameters are depth dependent, and then we expanded the model parameters into a series using the Legendre polynomials as basis functions for modeling inhomogeneous formations. We solved the inverse problem for a much smaller number of expansion coefficients than data to derive the petrophysical parameters in a stable overdetermined inversion procedure. The added advantage of the interval inversion method is that the layer thicknesses and suitably chosen zone parameters can be estimated automatically by the inversion procedure to refine the results of inverse and forward modeling. We have defined depth-dependent model covariance and correlation matrices to compare the quality of the local and interval inversion results. A detailed study using well logs measured from a Hungarian gas-bearing unconsolidated formation revealed that the greatly overdetermined interval inversion procedure can be effectively used in reducing the estimation errors in shaly sand formations, which may refine significantly the results of reserve calculation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jorge Leonardo Martins ◽  
Thais Mallet de Castro

 ABSTRACT.Most of the sedimentary basins are composed of alternating layers of clastic lithotypes of mixed mineralogy, typically sandstones and shales. Having very small grains mean diameter, clay minerals can occur by contaminating void spaces, i.e., pores and pore connections, of oil-bearing reservoir rocks. It is thus necessary to establish a measure of the clay content in rocks – i.e., shaliness, which obstructs the tiny porous connections of reservoir rocks. In fact, shaliness represents a key petrophysical parameter, for instance, in the simulation process of oil and gas production. Being a petrophysical measure, shaliness can be better estimated from using the readings of the spontaneous potential and/or the natural gamma-ray logs. In practice, empirical models are used for estimating shaliness, although such models always lead to undesirable overestimations. Petrophysical models are alternatively proposed in the literature allowing more realistic estimates of shaliness. In this work, we present a new approach for the formulation of new petrophysical models for estimating shaliness using the binomial formula. By inserting the second-, the third- and the fourth-order binomial approximations for the Gaymard porosity formula into a simple shaliness-porosity relation, we obtain new petrophysical models for estimating shaliness which maintain the same properties of two models previously established in the literature. Experiments with real well-log data crossing the same turbiditic formation show more realistic – and very less uncertain – magnitudes for shaliness in an oil-producing arenitic reservoir, confirming the overestimated values of the empirical model taken as reference for the investigated lithology.Keywords: geophysical well logs, shaliness estimation, empirical and petrophysical models, turbiditic reservoirs. RESUMO. A maioria das bacias sedimentares é composta por camadas alternantes de litotipos clásticos de mineralogia mista, tipicamente arenitos e folhelhos. Possuindo diâmetro médio de grãos muito pequenos, os argilo-minerais podem ocorrer contaminando os espaços vazios, i.e., os poros e as conexões entre poros das rochas acumuladoras de óleo e gás. Faz-se assim necessário o estabelecimento de uma medida do conteúdo de argila em rochas – i.e., da argilosidade, que obstrui as diminutas conexões porosas da rocha reservatório. De fato, a argilosidade representa um parâmetro petrofísico chave, por exemplo, no processo de simulação da produção de óleo e gás. Sendo umamedida petrofísica, a argilosidade pode sermelhor estimada a partir das leituras dos perfis de potencial espontâneo e/ou de raios gama naturais. Na prática, faz-se uso de modelos empíricos para estimar a argilosidade, embora tais modelos sempre conduzam a superestimativas indesejáveis. Modelos petrofísicos são alternativamente propostos na literatura, permitindo estimativas mais realistas de argilosidade. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma nova abordagem para a formulação de modelos petrofísicos para estimativa de argilosidade usando a fórmula binomial. Ao inserirmos aproximações binomiais de segunda, terceira e quarta ordens para a fórmula da porosidade de Gaymard numa simples relação entre argilosidade e porosidade, obtemos novos modelos petrofísicos para estimativa de argilosidade que mantêm as mesmas propriedades de dois modelos estabelecidos na literatura. Experimentos com dados reais de perfis de poços que atravessam a mesma formação turbidítica mostram magnitudes mais realistas – e muito menos incertas – para a argilosidade em um reservatório arenítico produtor de óleo e gás, confirmando os valores superestimados do modelo empírico tomado como referência para a litologia investigada.Palavras-chave: perfis geofísicos de poços, estimativa de argilosidade, modelos empíricos e petrofísicos, reservatórios turbidíticos.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-893
Author(s):  
R. A. Ribeiro ◽  
M. V. M. Mata ◽  
L. S. Lucena ◽  
U. L. Fulco ◽  
G. Corso

Abstract. We employ Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) technique to investigate spatial properties of an oil reservoir. This reservoir is situated at Bacia de Namorados, RJ, Brazil. The data corresponds to well logs of the following geophysical quantities: sonic, gamma ray, density, porosity and electrical resistivity, measured in 56 wells. We tested the hypothesis of constructing spatial models using data from fluctuation analysis over well logs. To verify this hypothesis we compare the matrix of distances among well logs with the differences among DFA-exponents of geophysical quantities using spatial correlation function and Mantel test. Our data analysis suggests that sonic profile is a good candidate to represent spatial structures. Then, we apply the clustering analysis technique to the sonic profile to identify these spatial patterns. In addition we use the Mantel test to search for correlation among DFA-exponents of geophysical quantities.


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