scholarly journals Rural development: a new microdistrict between the city and the village. Part 1. Theoretical analysis of social and territorial spaces of cities and villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Davydenko ◽  
Elena V. Andrianova ◽  
Tatyana M. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
General Context ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The first part of the work is devoted to the analysis of socio-territorial transforming one of the desolate rural lands from the perspective of an approach to phenomenological sociology. The goal is, from a theoretical point of view, to deepen the social construction scientific approach of locality, based on the study of the topological perspective between the city and the village according to such space properties as orientability, compactness and connectivity, when they remain invariant during construction changes in the working site of the territory. The methodology of structural and genetic operationalization of social space is used in terms of P. Bourdieu, rethinking the production of space by A. Lefebvre’s paradigm, its verification in terms of the phenomenology of A. Appadurai, the production of place as a center of meaning created by experience from interpretations of humanistic geography. The used combination of several paradigms provides a theoretically powerful basis for understanding how interlocal social relations, lifeworlds, and the found out identities of the territory inhabitants between the city and the village are interconnected. The theoretical object of research is local communities in rural and suburban areas. General hypothesis of the research: at present, a new modification of the concept of “rural” has emerged, especially to the extent that it is typical for any country in the world, while global trends in the suburbanization (isolation) of individual rural areas as various forms of peripheral urban development acquire a special (priority) value, challenging A. Lefebvre’s “urban revolution” paradigm in the sense that the space of the modern world is becoming totally urbanized. This article confirms the hypothesis about the spread of the global suburbanization of Roger Cale’s theory, which is becoming more widespread and more significant phenomenon in different countries and regions of the world. This is also evidenced by the ever-expanding geography of suburban research in post-socialist countries, as well as criticism of the derived meaning concept of suburbs in relation to urban centers. The empirical evidence of this article confirms the growing importance of peripheral urban development in various forms and, in a more general context, leads to an understanding of the need to revise urban social theory in the spread context of global suburbanization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the author’s rethinking of the reproduction concept of space both at the symbolic level of local subjectivity and in specific ties to the life worlds of the new territories inhabitants of spatial development, with the author’s empirical confirmation of the proposed approaches, conclusions and presented databases.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES IMPOSED ON OWNERS AND MANAGERS OF LISTED HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cardoso Romão Freitas ◽  
Fabiane Domingues de Magalhães de Almeida ◽  
Alcides Garcia Junior
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The worldwide concern regarding sustainable urban development has been increasing as the populations of countries increase and demand more consumption of the already scarce natural resources. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that 55% of the world population lives in urban centers, with the perspective of surpassing 68% in 2050. In Brazil, 84% of the population today live in the cities. One of the goals of sustainable development is to make cities more sustainable and inclusive and, to accomplish such goal, many variables need to be accomplished, among which is the strengthening of efforts to protect and safeguard cities’ cultural heritage, for the present and future generations. Seeing as São Paulo is the 10th urban city in the world, and its historical heritage preservation policies are recent and in the process of being outlined, this research strives to answer: What are the main challenges identified by owners/managers of listed historical buildings in São Paulo, which stand in the way of conserving/preserving their properties? Results revealed that the main challenges are a lack of knowledge about what interventions can be done to the property, lack of knowledge on incentive laws and more feasible ways for the conservation of historical sites and dealing with excessive bureaucracy. Such results contribute to the implementation of urban development policies focused on the sustainable goal of safeguarding the city’s cultural heritage, in order to propitiate advancements in preserving the memory and identity of the city through the conservation of properties listed as historical heritage.  

Italy in the Modern World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Italian History ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

Providing a comprehensive history of Italy from around 1800 to the present, Italy in the Modern World traces the social and cultural transformations that defined the lives of Italians during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book focuses on how social relations (class, gender and race), science and the arts shaped the political processes of unification, state building, fascism and the postwar world. Split up into four parts covering the making of Italy, the liberal state, war and fascism, and the republic, the text draws on secondary literature and primary sources in order to synthesize current historiographical debates and provide primary documents for classroom use. There are individual chapters on key topics, such as unification, Italians in the world, Italy in the world, science and the arts, fascism, the World Wars, the Cold War, and Italy in the twenty-first century, as well as a wealth of useful features for students, including: * Comprehensive bibliographic essays covering each of the four parts. * 23 images and 12 maps Italy in the Modern World also firmly places both the nation and its people in a wider global context through a distinctly transnational approach. It is essential reading for all students of modern Italian history.

Imperial Architecture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Preceding Discussion ◽  
Imperial Ideology ◽  
Circus Maximus ◽  
The City

From ancient Egypt to the present day, the colossal size of buildings has been considered to reflect political power. For Herodotus, architecture was an expression of dominion; the Periclean monuments of Athens seemed visibly to encourage the Athenians to reclaim their Aegeanwide political ascendancy, since, as Isocrates remarked, ‘democracy had so adorned the city with temples and sacred images that even today visitors think it is worthy to rule not only the Greeks, but also all other peoples’. The Circus Maximus, rebuilt by Trajan, was ‘a seat worthy of the nation that conquered the world’. The correspondence between Trajan and the younger Pliny, his appointed legate in Bithynia, reveals the ideological purpose of provincial architecture. Pliny pointed out such meanings, although Trajan himself modestly affected to address only practicalities. For instance, Pliny remarks that a proposed canal near Nicomedia was ‘worthy of your greatness and your concern’. Architecture was as important in constructing imperial ideology as an emperor’s portraits or the legends and images on his coins; it legitimated his regime by promoting a particular ideal that commanded respect. It is generally agreed that buildings continued to play this role under Hadrian. The preceding discussion of Antonine buildings in the province of Asia now provides grounds to modify the view that, during the middle of the century, festivals or shows replaced public buildings as the major indicator of imperial ideology. One should, of course, be wary of using modern labels like ‘message’, ‘persuasion’, ‘propaganda’, or ‘ideology’ to describe the purpose of ancient forms. But in the present context the term ‘ideology’ seems particularly appropriate. As J. B. Thompson defines the concept, it highlights: . . . the ways in which meaning is mobilized in the service of individuals and groups, that is, the ways in which the meaning constructed and conveyed by symbolic forms serves, in particular circumstances, to establish and sustain structured social relations from which some individuals and groups benefit more than others, and which some individuals and groups have an interest in preserving while others may seek to contest. . . .

scholarly journals Observing the transformation of the world. A modern architect in the Alpine pastures

ARCHALP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Rosset
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Alpine Pastures ◽  
Active Observation ◽  
Mountain Pasture ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Village ◽  
Present Life

The 20th century marked the beginning of the massive transformation of mountain lifestyles. The architects took this opportunity to extend their experimental territories to the Alps. The French architect Albert Laprade had a very different approach. Having arrived in Haute-Savoie in the mid-1920s to spend his holidays, he gradually bought the Charousse mountain pasture in the village of Les Houches (Haute-Savoie, France). He transformed it into a family resort by including some cottages of modern comfort, focusing on preserving the landscape structures of the place. This article reviews this particular approach in the journey of an architect who, moreover, builds in a “modern” style. By questioning the tools he mobilizes from his pasture, we will see how Albert Laprade implements an active observation of the territory. From photography to the collection of objects, it brings together the traces of changing traditional lifestyles. But without turning into the past, he works to promote on the national architectural scene the achievements that are fully anchored in the present life, the architects who build the “climate stations” in the mountains. Then, the Alps become a timeless setting, an observation post from which the architect seems to be able to withdraw to evaluate the modern world.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF CYBER SECURITY IN THE LEADING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Yurii I. Khlaponin ◽  
Svitlana V. Kondakova ◽  
Yevheniia Ye. Shabala ◽  
Liliia P. Yurchuk ◽  
Pavlo S. Demianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the study of trends in cybercrime, which is a threat to the country's information security. The place and role of cybersecurity in the system of national security are determined. The state of the system of protection against cyber attacks in the developed countries of the world, such as France, Japan, China, South Korea and the United Kingdom, was analyzed. The main shortcomings and perspectives of protection of cyberspace are revealed. The use of modern information technologies in state structures, as well as in society in general, proposes solving information security problems as one of the main ones. The economy, logistics and security of the country increasingly depend on the technical infrastructure and its security. To improve the effectiveness of the fight against cybercrime, developed countries have long started the appropriate work needed to create their own cyber security strategy. Incidents in the field of cybersecurity affect the lives of consumers information and many other services and cyber attacks aimed at various objects of infrastructure of electronic communications systems or technological processes management. Modern world trends in the development of cybercrime and the strengthening of cyber attacks indicate an increase in the value of combating it for the further development of society, which in turn predetermines the assignment of certain groups of social relations of the cybersphere to the competence of legal regulation. The current situation with cybercrime requires constant improvement of methods the fight against cybercrime, the development of information systems and methods aimed at ensuring the cyber security of the country. Necessary tasks are the development of a national strategy on cybersecurity, which will include tactical and strategic priorities and tasks in this area for state bodies. So, the issue of cyberspace security, the fight against cybercrime is relevant both at the international level and at the level of the individual country, and therefore needs further consideration.

scholarly journals Widmo Chopina krąży po Warszawie

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Łukasz Piaskowski
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Task ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Intellectual Climate

Pejzaż myśli. Warszawa Chopina i początek polskiej nowoczesności [A landscape of thoughts: Chopin’s Warsaw and the beginning of Polish modernity] by Michał Kuziak is a book combining the values of a scholarly work and a work whose main task is to popularise knowledge both about Frédéric Chopin himself and about the world that surrounded him and that shaped him. The dissertation is not only the context for the composer’s life; it is also part of a broader stream of research on the beginnings of Polish modernity. The book is therefore about Warsaw understood not only as the place where young Frédéric grew up, but also as the area where the foundations of Polish modernity were laid. Chopin functioned in a kind of intellectual melting pot within which there was a conflict between tradition and modernity, between progress and conservatism. The author precisely delineates the chronological framework within which he moves. These are the years 1810–1830, that is, the first 20 years of the composer’s life. However, the book does not only focus on the person of Chopin, so it is not “Chopin-centric.” The work consists of three parts, each of them marked with a significant title: 1. “City and people”; 2. “Institutions and people”; 3. “Thoughts and people.” This arrangement is a good example of the author’s main idea: to show Chopin among people, and also people within the city, municipal institutions and the thoughts that developed there. For the author of the book, Warsaw was a crucible and a cosmos of thoughts: on the one hand, there is a constant offensive of scientifi c and technical thought related to the Enlightenment tradition, and on the other, the birth of the world of spirit and religion. Polish modernity is an eclectic mixture in which there are still remnants of the noble world, but the foundations of the bourgeois world are also being laid. Kuziak, drawing an image of Warsaw at that time, emphasises the importance of key cultural institutions, such as literary salons and cafés. For Chopin, cafés, where he met with representatives of the contemporary world of literature and poetry, were of particular importance. Warsaw’s intellectual climate, inspired by the French Enlightenment, was giving way more and more to the influences of German culture associated with Romanticism. Kuziak writes that the modernity of the Romantic type was shaped by German culture. He regards the considerations of Kazimierz Brodziński and Maurycy Mochnacki as the two largest projects of modern Polish identity. Importantly, both of these authors were closely associated with the Polish musical culture which the young Chopin absorbed. The author of the book makes a reservation that it is difficult to conclusively confi rm what influence the institutional and intellectual shape of Warsaw at that time had on Chopin. He states with certainty that Chopin’s trips outside the city, and thus getting to know Masovian folklore, had a decisive impact on his imagination. The book does not, however, determine how the then Warsaw shaped the composer’s later life. The author brilliantly reconstructed the background on which Chopin’s shadow moved, but he chose not to answer the most important question: did the city, people, institutions and intellectual climate ultimately form the composer’s modern world view? This question remains open.

Sustainable Urban Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nicola Boccella ◽  
Irene Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
The World ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The City

The concept of participation in sustainable urban development practices is actually more and more popular in Europe and all over the world. In parallel, there is a rapid growth of urban design and planning projects including local communities in urban development planning activities. According to such concepts, this chapter, starting from the description of the results of field and desk researches carried out by ‘La Sapienza' University of Rome and related to communities involvement strategies currently available in Europe, describes and analyses a case study based on a concrete application of theoretical and methodological approaches, and two more cases of possible application of an integrated methodology. All the projects described concern the city of Rome.

Topographies of the Possible

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Huber
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

This article explores the creation of new structures of participation and counter imaginaries within the city between the poles of arts and politics. On the basis of two case studies, one situated in the non-institutionalised artistic field and one in the non-institutionalised political field, I will explore narratives of a 'topography of the possible' in the city of Salzburg. Aiming to outline collage pieces of a topography of the possible and of counter-narrative in and of the city – the city is looked at in terms of collage, understood as overlapping layers of the three spatial dimensions materiality (physical space), sociability (social space) and the imaginary (symbolic space). These are understood as differing but interrelated spatial dimensions, each one unfolding forms of collective appropriation of a city. The focus lies on the creation of social relations and collective imaginaries on the micro-level of cultural and political self-organised initiatives, looked at under terms of narration and storytelling. My ethnographic project asks for the creative potentiality of a city and for the creative power of social relations and collective imaginaries.

Tanzanian Theatre and the Mapping of Home

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Laura Edmondson
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Popular Theatre ◽  
Urban Woman ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Urban City ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Stereotypical Roles

Tanzanian popular theatre consists of a dizzying variety of ‘traditional’ dances, plays, acrobatics, and musical acts that freely borrow from traditions across the globe. In a stark contrast to the fluidity of these performances, however, the plays maintain a rigid division between representations of the urban city and rural home. This demarcation operates along the gendered lines described by Anne McClintock, in which the village is coded as the feminized model of tradition in contrast to the ‘male’, modern world of the city, leading to stereotypical roles of the innocent rural girl and the lustful urban woman. At the same time, the participatory, improvisational quality of popular performance clears a space for the ‘unnatural’ urban women in the audience to resist these stereotypes. Also, the theatre troupe Muungano creates plays which challenge essentialist constructions of the primordial ‘home’, allowing complex interactions of geography and gender to be revealed and explored.

Labor and Global Commodities: Introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Mae Ngai ◽  
Mary Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Productive Method

Conventionally defined, “global commodities” refer to raw materials and basic foodstuffs—sugar, bananas, cotton, coal, bauxite—that are extracted or grown in one area of the world and sold on the world market for industrial or consumer use elsewhere. Labor historians focusing on the point of extraction/production or tracking the production and circulation of specific global commodities have gained insight into the development of global capitalism, in particular relations between colonized and colonizer, developing countries and advanced industrial countries. From Sidney Mintz's Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (1986) to Mark Kurlansky's Cod: The Biography of the Fish that Changed the World (1998) scholars and general readers alike have found in studies of a single commodity a productive method for understanding social relations in the making of the modern world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document