FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EU PARTNERSHIP WITH JAPAN, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.

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Foreign trade relations of the European Union against the background of increasing turbulence (results 2019, on the threshold of 2020)

Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics) ◽

10.33920/vne-04-2006-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-66

Author(s):

I. Gladkov

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

The European Union ◽

Commodity Trade ◽

International Commodity ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Noticeable Increase ◽

The World ◽

Expert Forecasts ◽

The Eu

The article analyzes the current changes that have occurred over the past five years in the dynamics, geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (the EU) as the largest collective entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. The EU was able to maintain its dominant position in the world commodity exchange quite effectively, despite the increase in a number of adverse external factors, such as General "turbulence", the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, and trade conflicts in international commodity trade. The worldwide spread of a new viral infection in early 2020 also made a significant contribution to the noticeable increase in tension in the world economy. This process has acted as a so-called "black Swan", that is, a kind of catalyst that contributes to the approach of the next General cyclical crisis, which was expected by experts of the largest international structures in 2019. It is worth noting that the scale of this challenge has yet to be assessed, since the latest expert forecasts suggest a much more modest reduction in the main indicators of world economic evolution. The author provides up-to-date statistical materials and numerous calculation data that are being introduced into the domestic scientific circulation for the first time.

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INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

Polonia University Scientific Journal ◽

10.23856/3007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 76-82

Author(s):

Kateryna Slyusarenko ◽

Irina Maksymova ◽

Anastasiia Beskrovna

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

The European Union ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Trade Relations ◽

International Economic Relations ◽

The Eu

Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union

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Foreign Trade of the European Union : Dominant Fluctuations

International Trade and Trade Policy ◽

10.21686/2410-7395-2019-3-34-43 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 34-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. S. Gladkov

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

The United States ◽

Trade Association ◽

The European Union ◽

Commodity Trade ◽

International Commodity ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Positive Balance ◽

The Eu

The article analyzes the most important changes that have taken place over the past five years in the dynamics and geographical structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (EU) as the largest entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. It is shown that, despite such rather unfavorable external factors as the increase in general turbulence in world commodity trade, the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, trade conflicts, the EU was able to maintain its dominant position in international commodity exchange. At the same time, the European Union has pushed the main competitors, as the latest statistics show a significant decrease in the share of the North American free trade Association (NAFTA, consisting of the United States, Canada, Mexico) and Japan in international exports. Continuing to pursue a balanced foreign trade policy, the EU used its traditional instruments not only to increase its activity in general and outside the European region, but also to maintain a positive balance of foreign trade. In addition, there are hopes for the resumption of goodneighbourly trade relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation, which have been complicated in recent years by the introduction and extension of sanctions measures by the EU and Russia's response. The author presents new statistical materials, numerous calculated data, for the first time introduced into the domestic scientific circulation.

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Foreign Trade Relations of Ukraine with the EU Countries: State, Trends and Development Priorities

Economic Herald of the Donbas ◽

10.12958/1817-3772-2021-3(65)-81-91 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-91

Author(s):

I. Mytsenko ◽

◽

M. Sukhomlyn ◽

O. Yurchenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

The State ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

The European Union ◽

Barriers To Entry ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The Eu

In modern conditions, the involvement degree of any country in the international economic relations is determined to a significant extent by the state of its foreign trade activities. For Ukraine, the European Union is a key trading partner. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU provided Ukrainian producers with the opportunity to increase their presence in European markets, but at the same time it was accompanied by a number of problems and risks. The main ones are tariff quotas and high technical barriers to entry into the EU market. This study aims to analyze the state and development trends of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU under the conditions of the Association Agreement and the resulting benefits and risks for domestic producers and, on this basis, substantiate the priorities of deepening these relations, taking into account national interests as a prerequisite for increasing the competitive economy of Ukraine. It was found that Ukraine has the potential to enhance export opportunities in general and with the European Union in particular. Amendments to the Association Agreement, the signing of the ACAA Agreement is a necessary institutional framework, a driver that will allow Ukraine to intensify, deepen and diversify its trade activities with the EU countries. It was revealed that raw materials prevail in the structure of Ukraine's merchandise exports to the EU, however, compared to 2013, its share has significantly decreased - by 14.3%. The structure of Ukraine's merchandise imports from the EU is more diversified, it is based on engineering and pharmaceutical products, as well as mineral products, polymer materials and plastics. The share of these products in the total volume of Ukraine's merchandise imports during 2013-2020 remains high and ranges from 54-56 %. Such trends testify to the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy and require an urgent solution. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that machinery-producing industries are promising from the point of view of further increasing the export opportunities of Ukraine to the EU. To support and develop them, it is proposed to carry out systematic and systematic measures, taking into account the obligations that Ukraine assumed by signing the Association Agreement with the EU. Special economic zones, science parks, technology parks and clusters are considered as tools to support the export potential of domestic engineering and the economic potential of the national economy. The effectiveness of these structures has been confirmed by numerous studies and successful international experience.

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The European Integration Challenges of Ukraine

Business Inform ◽

10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-14-21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (513) ◽

pp. 14-21

Author(s):

O. V. Kuklin ◽

◽

R. F. Pustoviit ◽

M. Y. Kryvoruchko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

European Integration ◽

The European Union ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Eu Member States ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The article is concerned with an analysis of Ukraine’s European integration challenges, which are considered from the position of the effectiveness of foreign trade, as well as in light of the institutional challenges of the European integration course. According to the results of research, both the dynamics and the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations with the EU Member States, the CIS and Asia countries are analyzed. It is defined that the focus on the European Union market prevented domestic exporters from reaching the pre-crisis levels of 2013. The resource nature of the national exports to the EU is underlined. The high level of interdependence in the sphere of foreign trade relations with former partners of Ukraine in the CIS – the Russian Federation and Belarus, especially in the field of imports of fuel and energy resources, and export of nuclear reactors, boilers, machines, railway locomotives, products of inorganic chemistry, is emphasized. It is determined that Ukraine’s implementation of the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement is at a low level of 43%. The authors characterize the main tendencies in Europe as to the quality of life of the population on the basis of two indicators - the proportion of households that barely make ends meet (Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Cyprus, Portugal, Romania), and have unsatisfactory living conditions (Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia) - the values of which are much higher compared to the average level in the EU. The general conclusion on the ambiguity of the issue of the effectiveness of the national economy’s orientedness toward the market of the European Union has been drawn. The need to take into account the multi-vector nature of the modern globalized world in the process of researching the impact of European integration on the economic development of Ukraine is reasoned.

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The Law & Politics of Brexit: Volume II

10.1093/oso/9780198848356.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

European Union ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

The European Union ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

Financial Settlement ◽

The Eu

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the withdrawal agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and the European Union to create the legal framework for Brexit. Building on a prior volume, it overviews the process of Brexit negotiations that took place between the UK and the EU from 2017 to 2019. It also examines the key provisions of the Brexit deal, including the protection of citizens’ rights, the Irish border, and the financial settlement. Moreover, the book assesses the governance provisions on transition, decision-making and adjudication, and the prospects for future EU–UK trade relations. Finally, it reflects on the longer-term challenges that the implementation of the 2016 Brexit referendum poses for the UK territorial system, for British–Irish relations, as well as for the future of the EU beyond Brexit.

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Legal conflict between the EU and the republic of Poland regarding polish judicial reform

Law and innovative society ◽

10.37772/2309-9275-2021-2(17)-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Yakovyuk ◽

Suzanna Asiryan ◽

Anastasiya Lazurenko

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Judicial Reform ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

Legal Nature ◽

Constitutional Tribunal ◽

The Republic ◽

The Eu

Problem setting. On October 7, 2021, the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland ruled in favor of Polish law over European Union law, which in the long run may violate the principles according to which the Union operates and the rights enjoyed by citizens of the state. Such a precedent can further serve as a basis for identical decisions of the bodies of constitutional jurisdiction of those states that have problems in fulfilling their obligations in the European community. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The problems of the functioning of the bodies of the European Union, the implementation of their decisions and the general status in EU law are widely studied in national science. In particular, many scholars have studied the legal nature of the EU, including: TM Anakina, VI Muravyov, NM Ushakov, A. Ya. Kapustina, NA Korolyova, Yu. Yumashev, BN Topornin, OYa Tragniuk, SS Seliverstov, IV Yakovyuk and others. Target of research is to establish the foundations of EU law in the functioning of Union bodies, especially the Court, as well as to determine the hierarchy of national law and EU law. Article’s main body. Over the years, the Court has, within its jurisdiction, issued a large number of judgments which have become the source of the Union’s Constituent Treaties and of EU law in general. Over the last two decades, the powers of the Court of Justice have changed significantly. In particular, this is due to the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, which amended the EU’s founding treaties on the powers of the Court, then the reform of the European Court took place in 2015-2016, which concerned a change in the organizational structure of the Court. Despite the generally well-established case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the unification of the observance by the Member States of the basic principles of the European Union, the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland adopted a decision on 7 October. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Following the decision of the Constitutional Court, the Polish authorities found themselves in a situation that significantly complicated its internal and external situation. The way out of which requires answers to fundamental questions about the legal nature of the EU. Undoubtedly, this is an issue not only between Poland and the EU, but also between other member states.

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Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201866020605 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 605-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivo Zdráhal ◽

Věra Bečvářová

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Business Environment ◽

Common Market ◽

Milk Product ◽

The European Union ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

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The exports from the western Balkans countries to the EU: The main problems and recommendations

Economic Annals ◽

10.2298/eka0668049c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 51 (168) ◽

pp. 49-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Besim Culahovic

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Market Access ◽

Supply Side ◽

The European Union ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Serbia And Montenegro ◽

Integration Strategy ◽

The Republic ◽

Trade Measures ◽

The Eu

The European Union (EU) trade policy towards Western Balkan's countries (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia) is one of the important tools of EU's integration strategy. The exports from the Western Balkan?s countries to the European Union(15) are preferred within special autonomous trade measures for the Western Balkan?s countries which were introduced by the EU in September 2000 (the 2000TM). The 2000TM are a far-ranging set of preferences which provide the Western Balkan?s countries with unparalleled market access to the EU, and hence with the potential both to develop the existing exports and to generate new exports. However, the Western Balkan?s countries exports to the EU are far below the level which could reasonably be expected. In all Western Balkan?s countries a number of supply-side and domestic policy reasons are identified for this under-performance, which suggests that the 2000TM are likely in part to rectify the situation. The economic regeneration of the Western Balkan?s countries will depend on the success of internal economic reform and on the adoption of economic and trade policies which specifically identify and address some serious supply-side constraints.

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