scholarly journals Utracone piękno. O zniszczeniach zabytkowej architektury Zakopanego

Artifex Novus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Romana Rupiewicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstrakt: Na terenie Zakopanego znajduje się ok. 1361 obiektów zabytkowych, z których 1180 to drewniane wille, reprezentujące styl zakopiański, powstałe w okresie od końca XIX w. do 20-lecia międzywojennego. Tak intensywne nagromadzenie drewnianych brył zakopiańskich willi ukształtowało tożsamość miejsca opartą o ład przestrzenny, stosowną skalę i proporcję. Wille stanowią wartość ze względu na historię i tradycję. Niestety, zabudowa ta jest obecnie wypierana przez inwestycje deweloperskie, które niszczą krajobraz miasta. Takie działania ułatwiają niekorzystne zapisy w miejscowych planach przestrzennych, uchwalone w latach 2009–2012. Często dochodzi do celowych podpaleń zabytków w celu pozyskania nowych gruntów inwestycyjnych. W artykule omówiono zabytkowe wille, które w ostatnich latach zostały zdewastowane lub zburzone, ukazano uwarunkowania formalno-prawne oraz mechanizmy działania. Wskazano rozwiązania, które mogą przyczynić się do lepszej ochrony konserwatorskiej zabytkowych obiektów architektury świeckiej. Summary: There are around 1,361 historic buildings in Zakopane, of which 1,180 are timber mountain houses of Zakopane style built from the end of the 19th century to the times of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). Such an accumulation of timber buildings in the local style formed an identity to the area based on spatial organization, scale and proportions. The mountain houses are valuable due to their history and tradition. Unfortunately, these structures are now superseded by investments in new developments which destroy the townscape. Such activities are facilitated by unfavorable provisions in local spatial development plans adopted during the years 2009–2012. Quite often historical buildings are deliberately set on fire in order to secure new land for investments. The article describes historic mountain houses which have been devastated or demolished in recent years. It presents the formal and legal conditions that allowed for this and the mechanisms of action. It also presents solutions which can help develop better preservation and protection of historic secular buildings.

GREAT MOSQUE BANDUNG AS A LANDMARK OF BANDUNG CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ecep Herdis Rustandi ◽  
Karto Wijaya ◽  
Rochmanijar Setiady
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Many ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT : The city of Bandung is the capital of West Java Province, Bandung City also known as the historic City of Bandung is a witness of historic events from Bandung to the sea of fire until the Asian-African Conference (KAA). The city of Bandung also has historical landmarks of the Dutch colonial era including Gedung Merdeka, Gedung Sate, Savoy Homan Hotel, Pasar Baru, and the Great Mosque of Bandung. Because of the many historic buildings in the city of Bandung, Bandung City is the destination of tourist destinations, both local and foreign tourists, Bandung is also known as Parijs Van Java. The nickname was given because the city of Bandung is located on a plateau surrounded by mountains so that the air or temperature in Bandung is very cool as in Europe. Speaking of historical buildings in this writing, the author will take the title of the Great Mosque as a Landmark of Bandung. The Great Mosque of Bandung Established in the 19th century and is one of the historical buildings in the City of Bandung the Great Mosque Several times experienced transformation of forms or renovations from 1810 - 2001. Bandung Grand Mosque is located in the city square of Bandung or in the center of the city is strategically located making the Bandung Great Mosque a religious tourist attraction in the city of Bandung. Keywords : Mosque, Landmark, Bandung, Colonial, Dutch, Architecture

Scoop

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
John Maxwell Hamilton ◽  
Heidi Tworek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Media Economics ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Foreign Correspondents ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Foreign Reporting ◽  
Foreign Correspondence ◽  
The 19Th Century

The state of foreign reporting today is paradoxical. New technology makes some aspects of foreign reporting faster and easier; it has also raised old problems of trust and the high cost of foreign news that were first seen in the 19th century. This chapter situates today’s new developments in media economics and technology in the context of the 19th-century’s foreign correspondence, which was full of hoaxes and bogus reporting, as well as outstanding correspondents on the ground. Our current moment is a recalibration of three trade-offs in foreign correspondence: managed news vs. independence, speed vs. superficiality, and abundant sources vs. reliability. We examine these trade-offs by looking at modern American and European foreign correspondents, who have long grappled with truth and trust in news.

Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1 (460)) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Polish lands, as they helped feed the rapidly growing population. The spread of sugar beet cultivation created the conditions for the development of modern sugar industry in the second half of the 19th century. It became one of the first modern branches of the food industry in Poland and contributed to the modernization of the village. Quite recently, oilseed rape was to become a plant that would bring back the times of agricultural sheikhs – no longer the nobility would trade in cereals on the European markets, but entrepreneurs producing a vegetable substitute for diesel oil.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF INVALID TRANSACTIONS IN PRESENT LAW DOCTRINE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

10.23856/4624 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Roman Tashian
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Times ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of this paper is providing the analysis of the classification of invalid transactions into void and voidable, which is recognized in many countries. This classification takes roots from the times of Ancient Rome, and was further developed in the 19th century thanks to the works of pandectists, primarily F.K. von Savigny and B. Windscheid. Today many European states are reforming their civil legislation. This fact allows us to take a fresh look at many institutions of civil law. In addition to the traditional approaches that are characteristic of the countries of the pandecto system, special attention should be paid to the “theorie moderne”, which is widespread in the countries of the Romanesque legal system. In the context of the invalidity of transactions, the article analyzes the provisions of the legislation of the leading European countries – Germany, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Belgium. Based on the above, it is concluded that this classification of the invalidity of transactions has not lost its meaning and is relevant today.

scholarly journals Słowniczek tykociński Zygmunta Glogera – źródła i dokumentacja

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nowowiejski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article focuses on lexicographic means and methods used in the 19th century dialectal lexicography. Zygmunt Gloger in Tykocin Dictionary refers not only to dialect but also to other sources, which makes his work unique. It contains numerous references, especially to literary and historical texts, but also specialised papers. They serve either to prove the presence of a particular word/phrase in the Polish language in the past or in the times of Gloger, or to document the use of selected units in various syntactic and semantic contexts. Scientific references enable to define and to deepen etymology of selected words, or to provide an alternative variation. Referring to various sources in order to show historically or/and geographically determined phonetic, morphological and semantic-lexical forms that differ from forms in Tykocin Dictionary is rare.

New Developments in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
MARK C. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Male Child ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The 19Th Century

The concern of pediatricians with resuscitation is an ancient and honorable tradition, which traces its roots directly back to the Bible. In the Book of Kings, it is recorded that Elisha revived a male child, "putting his mouth on his mouth, his eyes upon his eyes and his hands upon his hands; and he stretched himself upon him, the flesh of the child became warm." From this base, resuscitation developed slowly over the centuries, moving from folk medicine resuscitation techniques such as suspending drowning victims upside down or rolling them over a barrel to the more scientific approaches which began in the middle of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Przekształcenia gdańskich obiektów zabytkowych w pierwszej połowie XIX w. w kontekście rodzącej się myśli konserwatorskiej

Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 62-93
Author(s):  
Magdalena Staręga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Substantial Change

The article discusses modifications in antique structures of Gdańsk in the first half of the 19th century. The exact time frame for the phenomenon explored is marked by the seizure of the city by the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, and the early 1860s. It was a highly difficult period in the history of Gdańsk. Terrible economic situation resulted in an extremely small number of new, important architectonic projects being implemented. Instead, the authorities began adapting old buildings to new needs, often not without significant alterations. Other major modifications to historic structures were introduced in the course of repairs and reconstructions of deteriorated and war-damaged buildings. The first half of the 19th century is a time which saw a substantial change in the perception of historic sites and their value. The article highlights the occurrence of this process in Gdańsk. Reconstructions involving classicist stylistic forms, which gave way to the coexistence of old and new formal marks, as well as later ones, introduced in the course of regothicisation, characterised by aiming at stylistic cohesion are examined. The modifications extended to many of Gdańsk’s most important historic buildings. Architects such as Karl Friedrich Schinkel or Friedrich August Stüler were involved in the discussed process. The number and extent of undertaken redevelopments indicates that they constitute a significant aspect of the 19th-century Gdańsk architecture.

scholarly journals Codzienność w rzeczach śp. Emilii z Friedleinów Majerowej. Inwentarz pośmiertny z 1842 r.

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 53-86
Author(s):  
Ewa Danowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The Times ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Characteristic Part

Everyday Life in the Things of the Late Emilia Majerowa, Neé Friedlein. A Posthumous Inventory Dated 1842 The manuscript collections of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow (manuscript 3906) include an inventory prepared after the death of Emilia Majerowa, neé Friedlein, who died in Cracow in 1842. Her husband was Wojciech, a lawyer, and her brother-in-law was Józef Majer, the president of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. The inventory of movables was drawn up after their owner’s death; their evaluation played an important role in inheritance proceedings. The reliability of such a document is not questionable. Today it provides information about the material culture of the epoch and social class concerned – in this case, a wealthy intellectual house from the times of the Free City of Cracow. The posthumous inventory of Emilia Majerowa’s property is quite large, containing thoroughly described and evaluated home equipment, clothes, jewellery, a large library for the standards of those times, and financial documents. The edition of the inventory was preceded by a preface with facts about the Majer family, as well as information concerning the characteristics of the posthumous inventory as a legal document. The paper ends with a glossary of Old Polish terms that were still used at that time and are a characteristic part of the 19th-century vocabulary.

scholarly journals Protection of old forges in Sułkowice – symbol of the local crafts-manship

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Barbara Zin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

Wooden structures linked to agriculture are disappearing from the image of the Polish countryside, villages and small towns at the beginning of the 21st century. It is worthy to start the discussion on the fate of desolate, deteriorating forges, sawmills, carpentries, or water mills which are relics of the traditional technology. Sułkowice, a small town in the Małopolskie voivodeship, has been known for ages as a prominent centre of blacksmiths and their craft. Even today one feels the specific character of the landscape; in the mid-19th century circa 1000 blacksmiths worked there. Tradition lived until the times after the Second World War – when artisans in Sułkowice forged, among others, artful fittings for the MS ‘Batory’ [famed Polish liner]. Inventories, surveys and measurements of old forges, elaborated by the authoress within the framework of the research grant “Image of villages and small towns in Poland of the last decade of the 20th century” (led by Prof. Wiktor Zin) led to gathering of the documentation of circa 20 structures hailing from the close of the 19th century. After 20 years that elapsed since the research there are only a few left, and their days are numbered. Local Programme of Revitalisation of the Town from the year 2007 which is a strategic plan for enterprises aiming at amelioration of the area, does not mention the protection of the last witnesses of the local crafts’s tradition. Whereby the activisation of the local community, deriving from the tradition of the place, should be the aim of such a programme. Thus maybe there should be reconstruction and later ‘cyclical rebuilding’ of the structures which have no chance to exist with their primary function? “Old-new” wooden structures shall be a reminder of the blacksmiths’ tradition.

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