scholarly journals Longitudinal gradients in tree stem greenhouse gas concentrations across six Pacific Northwest coastal forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ward ◽  
Julia Indivero ◽  
Cailene Gunn ◽  
Wenzhi Wang ◽  
Vanessa Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Tree Stem

scholarly journals Longitudinal Gradients in Tree Stem Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Across Six Pacific Northwest Coastal Forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Ward ◽  
J. Indivero ◽  
C. Gunn ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
V. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Tree Stem

scholarly journals Estimating the supply of oilseed acreage for sustainable aviation fuel production: taking account of farmers’ willingness to adopt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner J. McCollum ◽  
Steven M. Ramsey ◽  
Jason S. Bergtold ◽  
Graciela Andrango
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract Background Continued progress towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require efforts across many industries. Though aviation is estimated to account for modest portions of global greenhouse gas emissions, these shares may grow as the industry expands. The use of biomass- and crop-based sustainable aviation fuels can help reduce emissions in the industry. However, limited feedstock supplies are a barrier to increased use of these fuels. This study examines the potential supply of feedstock from oilseeds and farmer willingness to produce oilseed crops under contract for sustainable aviation fuel production with a focus on canola and similar oilseed feedstocks (e.g., rapeseed). Stated-choice survey data is used to examine the contract and crop features that drive contract acceptance in six states located in the U.S. Great Plains and Pacific Northwest and then acreage supply curves are estimated for canola using secondary data. Main findings The estimated number of acres supplied under contract varies considerably across states and scenarios. Relatedly, estimated supply curves exhibit high degrees of price responsiveness. Of the states analyzed, oilseed acreages supplied under contract are generally found to be greatest in Kansas and North Dakota. Conclusions Results suggest that in the absence of favorable contract and crop scenarios canola and other oilseed prices will need to considerably increase from typical levels to induce higher levels of supplied acres. The presence of crop insurance, shorter contract lengths that provide cost sharing and the availability of particular crop attributes are shown to diminish the need for higher canola and other oilseed prices.

Characteristics and function of large woody debris in subalpine Rocky Mountain streams in northern Colorado

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D. Richmond ◽  
Kurt D. Fauseh
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Rocky Mountain Streams

Large woody debris has been well studied in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, but little is known of its role in Rocky Mountain streams. Large woody debris was measured in 11 undisturbed streams draining subalpine old-growth forests in north central Colorado to assess abundance, characteristics, and function. Although large woody debris in Colorado had smaller diameter, length, and volume than in the Pacific Northwest, its abundance and function were similar. The majority of pools (76%) were plunge and dammed pools formed by large woody debris, most of which spanned the channels perpendicular to stream flow. Smaller streams had a greater proportion of such perpendicular pool-forming pieces than larger streams. Four disturbed streams had significantly less and smaller large woody debris than undisturbed streams. Flows in larger undisturbed streams were capable of moving large woody debris, so pieces were more often located at the stream margins, oriented diagonally, or distributed in clumps than in smaller streams. Individual pools were larger and deeper in larger streams, but their size was not related to the size of large woody debris pieces forming them. Therefore, the function of large woody debris in forming fish habitat in small Rocky Mountain streams is strongly influenced by the stream's location within the watershed.

FISHING FROM THE SAME POOL: THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE ON LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS IN SCOTLAND AND THE US PACIFIC NORTHWEST

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250011 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY JACKSON ◽  
BARBARA ILLSLEY ◽  
WILLIAM LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change

The impact of environmental governance on the delivery of local climate change plans is examined by comparing two transatlantic sub-national jurisdictions which have adopted stringent targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Scotland and the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The former relies on dirigiste top-down environmental governance, through which central government sets targets and imposes statutory duties that apply equally to all local councils. In the latter, a bottom-up multi-level form of environmental governance has emerged to compensate for the absence of a federal mandate. Specific action plans from a climate change pioneer in each location are assessed to test the strengths and limitations of these alternative modes of environmental governance: Portland in Oregon and Fife in Scotland. The Scottish dirigiste approach offers its local councils a consistent policy framework, allowing them to focus on specific measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while avoiding concerns about free-rider effects from non-participating councils. The asymmetrical uptake of climate change measures by United States municipalities exposes their domestic market to the risks of carbon leakage that America sought to avoid in global markets during negotiations over the Kyoto Protocol.

scholarly journals Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Offset Quantification Protocols for Nitrogen Management in Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems of the Pacific Northwest

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha T. Brown ◽  
Carrie M. Lee ◽  
Chad E. Kruger ◽  
John P. Reganold ◽  
David R. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
The Pacific

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Sustainable Bio-Oil Production Using a Mixed Supply Chain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mirkouei ◽  
Karl R. Haapala ◽  
John Sessions ◽  
Ganti S. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Potential Benefits

Recent growing interest in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions requires the application of effective energy solutions, such as the utilization of renewable resources. Biomass represents a promising renewable resource for bioenergy, since it has the potential to reduce GHG emissions from various industry sectors. In spite of the potential benefits, biomass is limited due to logistical challenges of collection and transport to bio-refineries. This study proposes a forest biomass-to-bio-oil mixed supply chain network to reduce the GHG emissions compared to a conventional bioenergy supply chain. The mixed supply chain includes mixed-mode bio-refineries and mixed-pathway transportation. Life cycle assessment is conducted for a case study in the Pacific Northwest with the assistance of available life cycle inventory data for biomass-to-bio-oil supply chain. Impact assessment, on a global warming potential (GWP) basis, is conducted with the assistance of databases within SimaPro 8 software. Sensitivity analysis for the case investigated indicates that using the mixed supply chain can reduce GHG emissions by 2–5% compared to the traditional supply chain.

scholarly journals Leveraging the potential of nature to meet net zero greenhouse gas emissions in Washington State

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11802
Author(s):  
James C. Robertson ◽  
Kristina V. Randrup ◽  
Emily R. Howe ◽  
Michael J. Case ◽  
Phillip S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
The State ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Net Zero

The State of Washington, USA, has set a goal to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, the year around which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended we must limit global warming to 1.5 °C above that of pre-industrial times or face catastrophic changes. We employed existing approaches to calculate the potential for a suite of Natural Climate Solution (NCS) pathways to reduce Washington’s net emissions under three implementation scenarios: Limited, Moderate, and Ambitious. We found that NCS could reduce emissions between 4.3 and 8.8 MMT CO2eyr−1 in thirty-one years, accounting for 4% to 9% of the State’s net zero goal. These potential reductions largely rely on changing forest management practices on portions of private and public timber lands. We also mapped the distribution of each pathway’s Ambitious potential emissions reductions by county, revealing spatial clustering of high potential reductions in three regions closely tied to major business sectors: private industrial forestry in southwestern coastal forests, cropland agriculture in the Columbia Basin, and urban and rural development in the Puget Trough. Overall, potential emissions reductions are provided largely by a single pathway, Extended Timber Harvest Rotations, which mostly clusters in southwestern counties. However, mapping distribution of each of the other pathways reveals wider distribution of each pathway’s unique geographic relevance to support fair, just, and efficient deployment. Although the relative potential for a single pathway to contribute to statewide emissions reductions may be small, they could provide co-benefits to people, communities, economies, and nature for adaptation and resiliency across the state.

scholarly journals Coastal Flooding Enhances Methane Buildup in Forests

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Gas Accumulation

Increased seawater exposure from flooding and storms is altering how coastal forests cycle methane, leading to more greenhouse gas accumulation in tree stems and soil.

Tree stem greenhouse gas emissions from forested closed landfill sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fraser-McDonald ◽  
Carl Boardman ◽  
Toni Gladding ◽  
Stephen Burnley ◽  
Vincent Gauci
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Anaerobic Soils ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tree Stem

<p>Tree planting has the potential to increase carbon sequestration and is used as a common management strategy on former landfill sites to improve their visual appeal and manage issues such as leachates from decomposing organic matter. Tree stems mediate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions to the atmosphere from anaerobic soils, bypassing bacterial populations that would otherwise break down CH<sub>4</sub> before it is released to the atmosphere. This process has been observed in wetland forests but has yet to be measured in a landfill context. We examined whether trees emitted more CH<sub>4</sub> and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) on a closed UK landfill site relative to a more natural, comparable control site to determine the importance of this natural phenomenon in a managed environment. CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from tree stem and soil surfaces were measured using flux chambers and an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser. Temporal and seasonal variations in greenhouse gas emissions from landfill tree stems were also investigated, as well as the impact of different landfill management techniques including site closure methods and tree species planted. Analyses showed that tree stem emissions from landfill were larger than from trees in the non-landfill control site. However, there was high variability in the greenhouse gas fluxes from trees on the landfill. Findings from this investigation suggest that conditions associated with landfill construction may increase CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from trees planted on their surface after closure of the site. Trees planted on former landfill sites may therefore result in additional CH<sub>4</sub> emissions to the atmosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative LCAs of Conventional and Mass Timber Buildings in Regions with Potential for Mass Timber Penetration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13987
Author(s):  
Maureen Puettmann ◽  
Francesca Pierobon ◽  
Indroneil Ganguly ◽  
Hongmei Gu ◽  
Cindy Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mass Timber

Manufacturing of building materials and construction of buildings make up 11% of the global greenhouse gas emission by sector. Mass timber construction has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by moving wood into buildings with designs that have traditionally been dominated by steel and concrete. The environmental impacts of mass timber buildings were compared against those of functionally equivalent conventional buildings. Three pairs of buildings were designed for the Pacific Northwest, Northeast and Southeast regions in the United States to conform to mass timber building types with 8, 12, or 18 stories. Conventional buildings constructed with concrete and steel were designed for comparisons with the mass timber buildings. Over all regions and building heights, the mass timber buildings exhibited a reduction in the embodied carbon varying between 22% and 50% compared to the concrete buildings. Embodied carbon per unit of area increased with building height as the quantity of concrete, metals, and other nonrenewable materials increased. Total embodied energy to produce, transport, and construct A1–A5 materials was higher in all mass timber buildings compared to equivalent concrete. Further research is needed to predict the long-term carbon emissions and carbon mitigation potential of mass timber buildings to conventional building materials.

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