Statins in Stable Angina Pectoris

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (46) ◽  
pp. 7061-7068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ioannou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiou ◽  
Vincent McCaughan ◽  
Marietta Charakida ◽  
Dimitris Bertsias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Established Role

Background: Stable angina is a debilitating and progressive disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries, which in turn affects cardiac perfusion. Statins have a well-established role, modifying symptoms and progression of the disease not only through lipid lowering, but also through pleiotropic effects. </P><P> Objective: We sought to evaluate the effect of statins in stable angina pectoris </P><P> Method: We performed a systematic review of the literature searching MEDLINE via Pubmed for all studies which examine the possible effects of statins in stable angina pectoris. </P><P> Results: Statins have demonstrated favourable modification of both biochemical markers (oxidative stress, inflammatory and coagulation markers/factors) and clinical symptoms (anginal and ischemic) of the disease. These effects have been demonstrated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in animals and humans, independently of the lipid lowering effects. </P><P> Conclusion: With an excellent safety profile and evidence of efficacy in managing patients with stable angina, statins appear an essential part of the therapeutic armoury against atherosclerotic disease.

Organische Nitrate und Thrombozytenfunktion

1988 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schröder ◽  
K. Schrör
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Ex Vivo

ZusammenfassungOrganische Nitrate unterschiedlicher chemischer Struktur sowie Nitroprussidnatrium und Molsidomin (bzw. ihre biologisch aktiven Metaboliten) können die (primäre) Aggregation und Sekretion von Humanthrombozyten in vitro und ex vivo hemmen. Eine solche Wirkung wird für Molsidomin (SIN-1) und Nitroprussidnatrium in vitro in Konzentrationen beobachtet, die in der gleichen Größenordnung liegen wie die vasodilatierenden Effekte der Substanzen. Dagegen sind für eine direkte Antiplättchenwirkung organischer Nitrate (Glyzeryltrinitrat, Isosorbiddinitr at, Isosorbidmononitrate, Teopranitol) in vitro Konzentrationen erforderlich, die ca. 100- bis 1000fach höher sind als die Plasmaspiegel der Substanzen nach therapeutischer Dosierung bzw. die Konzentrationen, die isolierte Gefäßstreifen relaxieren. Als gemeinsamer Wirkungsmechanismus der direkten thrombozy-tenfunktionshemmenden und gefäßerweiternden Wirkung all dieser Substanzen kann heute eine Stickoxid-(NO)-vermittelte Stimulation der cGMP-Bildung angenommen werden, das aus organischen Nitraten als »Pro-drug« entsteht. Die Freisetzung von NO, eines »endothelial cell-derived relaxing factors« (EDRF) aus Nitroprussidnatrium und SIN-1 erfolgt spontan. Dagegen erfordert die Freisetzung von NO aus organischen Nitraten einen enzymatischen Stoffwechselweg, der in isolierten Thrombozyten nicht vorhanden ist. Eine Antiplättchenwirkung organischer Nitrate in vivo bzw. ex vivo wird daher über die Stimulation eines endothelialen, thrombozyteninhibitorischen Faktors erklärt. Hierbei sind Prostazyklin sowie ein bisher unbekannter Endothel-zellfaktor neben einer synergistischen Wirkung organischer Nitrate mit endogenem Prostazyklin in Diskussion. Eine thrombozytenfunktionshemmen-de Wirkung organischer Nitrate könnte in Kombination mit ihren hämody-namischen Effekten auch für die an-tianginöse Wirkung in der Klinik bedeutsam sein, insbesondere zur Verhinderung vasospastischer Zustände bei der instabilen Angina pectoris.

scholarly journals Current Challenges in Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Schmidt ◽  
Ian Podmore
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in reducing mortality among people suffering from cancer. There is a lack of characteristic early clinical symptoms in most forms of cancer, which highlights the importance of investigating new methods for its early detection. One of the most promising methods is the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a diverse group of carbon-based chemicals that are present in exhaled breath and biofluids and may be collected from the headspace of these matrices. Different patterns of VOCs have been correlated with various diseases, cancer among them. Studies have also shown that cancer cells in vitro produce or consume specific VOCs that can serve as potential biomarkers that differentiate them from noncancerous cells. This review identifies the current challenges in the investigation of VOCs as potential cancer biomarkers, by the critical evaluation of available matrices for the in vivo and in vitro approaches in this field and by comparison of the main extraction and detection techniques that have been applied to date in this area of study. It also summarises complementary in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies conducted to date in order to try to identify volatile biomarkers of cancer.

scholarly journals Candida albicans forms biofilms on the vaginal mucosa

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 3635-3644 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Harriott ◽  
E. A. Lilly ◽  
T. E. Rodriguez ◽  
P. L. Fidel ◽  
M. C. Noverr
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Type Strains

Current understanding of resistance and susceptibility to vulvovaginal candidiasis challenges existing paradigms of host defence against fungal infection. While abiotic biofilm formation has a clearly established role during systemic Candida infections, it is not known whether C. albicans forms biofilms on the vaginal mucosa and the possible role of biofilms in disease. In vivo and ex vivo murine vaginitis models were employed to examine biofilm formation by scanning electron and confocal microscopy. C. albicans strains included 3153A (lab strain), DAY185 (parental control strain), and mutants defective in morphogenesis and/or biofilm formation in vitro (efg1/efg1 and bcr1/bcr1). Both 3153A and DAY815 formed biofilms on the vaginal mucosa in vivo and ex vivo as indicated by high fungal burden and microscopic analysis demonstrating typical biofilm architecture and presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) co-localized with the presence of fungi. In contrast, efg1/efg1 and bcr1/bcr1 mutant strains exhibited weak or no biofilm formation/ECM production in both models compared to wild-type strains and complemented mutants despite comparable colonization levels. These data show for the first time that C. albicans forms biofilms in vivo on vaginal epithelium, and that in vivo biotic biofilm formation requires regulators of biofilm formation (BCR1) and morphogenesis (EFG1).

Association of Phytol with Toxic and Cytotoxic Activities in an Antitumoral Perspective: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 1828-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus V.O.B. Alencar ◽  
Muhammad T. Islam ◽  
Eunus S. Ali ◽  
José V.O. Santos ◽  
Márcia F.C.J. Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Background: Phytol have various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumoral, antimutagenic, anti-atherogenic, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antispasmodic, antiepileptic, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and immunoadjuvant. Several studies point to an association of phytol with implications for apoptosis and necrosis at cellular levels in cancer, yet no clear conclusions were drawn. Method: To clarify this, we conducted a meta-analysis of non-clinical studies of phytol and its associations with toxicity and cytotoxicity emphasizing the mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis induction and its importance in tumor therapy. Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science. The association between phytol and cyto-/toxicity was assessed by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twentythree studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between phytol and toxicity (OR: 1.47; 95% CI = 0.86–2.48) was found among in vivo studies and cytotoxicity (OR: 1.81; 95% CI = 1.12– 2.65, p<0.05) in in vitro and ex vivo studies. In in vitro studies, 24% of them indicate that phytol at high doses induces apoptosis by several mechanisms; while about 40% of ex vivo studies indicate that phytol induces reactive oxygen species generation. But, Phytol does not act as a direct oxidant, unlike its metabolite phytanic acid. The 24% of in vivo studies also highlighted the mechanisms for apoptosis-like including expression of Bcl2 protein or mutations in pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Of them, 8% studies show necrosis and hepatotoxicity. However, in 24% of the articles, the mechanisms of toxicity and cytotoxicity are still not well elucidated. Conclusion: This study confirms that the association between phytol and cyto-/toxicity depends on the dose/concentration used in the given experimental conditions. Thus, there are still great prospects for new research aimed at the use of phytol and its metabolite as anticancer agents.

Coronary heart disease: issues of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and medical and labor expertise

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Yu. Gamayunov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Khaptanova ◽  
N.M. Balabina ◽  
A.N. Kalyagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris

This article provides a review of the literature on coronary heart disease, namely stable angina pectoris – one of the forms of chronic coronary heart disease. The role of CHD in mortality and disability of the population is considered. The literature review describes the etiology, risk factors, classification, pathogenetic nature of the disease, diagnostic methods, and also addresses issues of treatment and medical and labor expertise that are relevant today. The importance of subjective and objective methods of examination along with highly informative laboratory and instrumental methods currently being introduced is noted. A fundamental step towards eliminating risk factors is lifestyle modification. Of particular relevance is the issue of drug treatment of stable angina pectoris, the main purpose of which is to reduce the symptoms of angina pectoris and prevent cardiovascular complications. The article presents data from clinical studies examining the effectiveness of modern antianginal, antithrombotic, lipid-lowering therapy. The data on the possibility of using the valsartan and sacubitril complex in order to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in the presence of symptomatic CHF (LVEF ≤ 35%) are presented.

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