Effects of Perinatal Cardamom Exposure on Social Behavior, Anxiety, Locomotor Activity, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Brain Acetylcholinesterase of Mice Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1316-1324
Author(s):  
Gasem M. Abu-Taweel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Background: Cardamom is the flavouring spices mainly cultivated all over the world. Apart from being used as the spice, it has many medicinal values. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential use of cardamom and its effects on the ability of learning, developmental, and various biochemical factors of Swiss-Webster mice offspring at different stages. Methods: In this method, Swiss-Webster mice offspring at different stages were used for the analysis of biochemical factors. After the administration of cardamom orally, the pups were subjected to various tests for determining social and defense behaviors of males and females, anxiety behavior; locomotor and neuromuscular activities, haemotological parameters, and hormonal factors of males and females. Results: The present findings indicate that the cardamom induced reduction in the social and defense behaviors of males and females, respectively, and also anxiety behavior. Interestingly, locomotor and neuromuscular activities decreased significantly. Discussion: In addition, the packed cell volume, red blood count, hemoglobin content, AChE in forebrain, the testosterone in males and progesterone in females were observed to increase significantly, whereas the blood platelets and total white blood count decreased non-significantly. Through perinatal exposure, cardamom can pass through the placenta or/and lactation and reaches the fetus. Care must be taken when using cardamom and especially during pregnancy and lactation. Conclusion: The administration of cardamom enhances the ability of social, developmental, and various biochemical factors of Swiss-Webster mice offspring at different stages.

Alleged Hæmoclasia in the Insane: A Study of Fifty Cases, with Special Reference to Technique

1932 ◽  
Vol 78 (320) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Power ◽  
A. W. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Functional Efficiency

The theory of hæmoclasia, which was first propounded by Widal, rests on the assumption that, during the digestion of proteins, a leucocytosis normally occurs in the blood. When the liver is diseased, proteose substances find their way into the systemic circulation, and produce a series of manifestations characterized by lowering of the blood-pressure, hypercoagulability, leucopenia, decreased refractive index of the blood and fewer blood-platelets. From this discovery a clinical test was evolved, which was at one time believed to be of considerable assistance in estimating the functional efficiency of the liver. In the performance of this test the number of white blood-corpuscles in the circulation is alone taken as a criterion of the presence or absence of hæmoclasia, the other phenomena, e.g., raised blood-pressure, hypercoagulability, etc., not being usually investigated. A white blood-count is performed on a fasting patient, who is then given 200 grm. of milk. Further leucocytic estimations are thereafter made at intervals of twenty and forty minutes, and if a leucocytosis fails to appear, or a leucopenia occurs, the patient is said to exhibit an hæmoclastic crisis.

Selenium Role in Reproduction, Pregnant/Postpartum Women and Neonates: A Current Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Tabinda Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Selenium Supplements

Background: Selenium is a micronutrient, although required in low amounts, its importance in male and female reproduction is well known. Objectives: The core purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of selenium in human reproduction, during pregnancy/ lactation in women and newborns. The review explains side by side the sources of selenium, required amounts of selenium in humans and during pregnancy or lactation. Methods: Selenium deficiency is a major cause of male infertility. Similarly, selenium deficiency, both in pregnant and postpartum women, would greatly affect the health of the newborn baby in all respects. The effect of maternal selenium upon the fetus and the neonates even one year after birth has been explained with some recent examples. Results: The study elaborates the fact that the selenium deficiency in pregnancy and lactation is common due to fetal/infant development, so selenium supplements must be provided in order to overcome these deficiency symptoms. Conclusions: The better reproductive health in humans is possible due to the sufficient amounts of selenium present both in males and females as well.

Identifying Targets for the Prevention of Childhood Undernutrition in a Resource-Limited Peri-Urban Ecuadorian Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212098250
Author(s):  
Suzanna L. Attia ◽  
Wolf-Peter Schmidt ◽  
Janeth Ceballos Osorio ◽  
Thomas Young ◽  
Aric Schadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score

Background: In middle-income countries, malnutrition concentrates in marginalized populations with a lack of effective preventive strategies. Objective: Identify risk factors for undernutrition in a peri-urban Ecuadorian community of children aged 12 to 59 months. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey in 2011 of children 1 to 5 years were analyzed including demographic data, medical history and examination, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements, and blood for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, vitamin A, iron, and zinc levels. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated from FFQ. Bivariate and multivariate analysis assessed effects on primary outcome of undernutrition by DDS, vitamin deficiencies, and demographic and nutritional data. Results: N = 67, 52.2% undernourished: 49.3% stunted, 25.4% underweight, and 3% wasted; 74.6% (n = 50) were anemic and 95.1% (n = 39) had low serum zinc. Dietary Diversity Score was universally low (mean 4.91 ± 1.36, max 12). Undernutrition was associated with lower vitamin A levels (20 306, IQR: 16605.25-23973.75 vs 23665, IQR: 19292-26474 ng/mL, P = .04); underweight was associated with less parental report of illness (43.8%, n = 7 vs 80% n = 40, P = .005) and higher white blood count (13.7, IQR: 11.95-15.8 vs 10.9, IQR: 7.8-14.23 × 109/L, P = .02). In multiple regression, risk of undernutrition decreased by 4% for every $10 monthly income increase (95 CI%: 0.5%-7.4%, P = .02, n = 23); risk of underweight decreased by 0.06 for every increased DDS point (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06; 95 CI%: 0.004-0.91, P = .04, n = 23). Conclusions: In this peri-urban limited resource, mostly Indigenous Ecuadorian community, stunting exceeds national prevalence, lower monthly income is the strongest predictor of undernutrition, lower DDS can predict some forms of undernutrition, and vitamin deficiencies are associated with but not predictive of undernutrition.

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
Frank N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

Massive Eosinophilic Reaction to Desipramine in Conjunction with Pneumonia*

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Kraus ◽  
R.J. Clarke ◽  
R.A. Remick
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Medication Change ◽  
Supportive Management

The authors report on a female patient with bipolar affective disorder who presented with marked eosinophilia in conjunction with pneumonia five days after a medication change from amitriptyline to desipramine (for intolerable dry mouth). She improved with discontinuance of medications and supportive management, and her eosinophilia normalized. Reinstitution of desipramine was followed by prompt appearance of asymptomatic eosinophilia, which resolved with discontinuation of desipramine. A subsequent depression managed with amitriptyline was followed by no abnormal white blood count findings. Eosinophilia is occasionally encountered in imipramine or desipramine therapy and, although usually asymptomatic, appears to be manageable by switching to amitriptyline or nortriptyline.

Structural, temporal and genetic properties of social groups in the short-lived migratory bat Nyctalus leisleri

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 785-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Naďo ◽  
Renáta Chromá ◽  
Peter Kaňuch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Social Associations ◽  
Migratory Movements

Social groups of bats that operate under fission–fusion dynamics tend to establish and maintain non-random associations. We examined the social and genetic structure of the Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri), a species that is typical of tree-dwelling and long-distance migratory species in Europe. We used long-term co-occurrence data (capture-recapture sampling of roosting individuals) in combination with individual genetic relatedness (inferred from a set of microsatellite markers) to assess relationships between structural, temporal and genetic properties of roosting groups. Our results showed that social structure in groups of roosting Leisler’s bat was not random. Social clusters revealed by network analysis were almost identical to demographic cohorts, which indicates that Leisler’s bats are able to maintain social bonds only over a single season. After the period of active maternal care, roosting groups became smaller with a significantly higher level of genetic relatedness among adult females in contrast to the pregnancy and lactation stages. This provides some evidence that temporal social associations may be positively correlated with genetic relatedness. Low recapture rates of bats across seasons in light of natal philopatry indicates a shorter life span of individuals likely due to high mortality during long distance migratory movements. This probably has the most significant effect on the social system of this species.

scholarly journals Right Recurrent Femoral Hernia with Left Inguinal Hernia - A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. D. B. Choksi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Femoral Hernia ◽  
Groin Hernia ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Femoral Canal ◽  
Female Pelvis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pass Through

Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, they occur approximately 10 times as frequently in women than in men because of the wider bone structure of the female pelvis³. Femoral hernias develop in the upper part of the thigh near the groin just below the inguinal ligament, where abdominal contents pass through a naturally occurring weakness called the femoral canal. Femoral hernia have the highest rate of incarceration amongst groin hernia, 5%–20%⁵

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