Small Regulatory Molecules Acting Big in Cancer: Potential Role of Mito-miRs in Cancer

MicroRNAs [miRNAs] are short, non-coding, single stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression of their targets at the posttranscriptional level by either degrading mRNA or by inhibiting translation. Previously, miRNAs have been reported to be present inside the mitochondria and these miRNAs have been termed as mito-miRs. Origin of these mito-miRs may either be from mitochondrial genome or import from nucleus. The second class of mito-miRs makes it important to unravel the involvement of miRNAs in crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria. Since miRNAs are involved in various physiological processes, their deregulation is often associated with disease progression, including cancer. The current review focuses on the involvement of miRNAs in different mitochondrial mediated processes. It also highlights the importance of exploring the interaction of miRNAs with mitochondrial genome, which may lead to the development of small regulatory RNA based therapeutic options.

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MicroRNA Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurotrauma ◽

10.1093/med/9780190279431.003.0022 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 261-268

Author(s):

Manish Bhomia ◽

Nagaraja S. Balakathiresan ◽

Kevin K. W. Wang ◽

Barbara Knollmann-Ritschel

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Critical Role ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Posttranscriptional Level ◽

Potential Use ◽

Regulate Gene

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently considered one of the major causes of disability and death worldwide. The cellular and molecular changes of TBI pathology are dynamic and complex in nature. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Several studies have shown a critical role of miRNAs in the development of long- and short-term TBI pathology. Circulating miRNAs are of great interest as blood-based biomarkers in TBI diagnosis. In this chapter, the authors review recent reports that aim to understand the role of miRNAs in TBI pathophysiology and their potential use as a therapeutic target. Additionally, the authors discuss the potential use of miRNAs as blood-based diagnostic markers for TBI and their possible association with other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Speciation and changes in male gene expression in Drosophila

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2020-0025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Bahar Patlar ◽

Alberto Civetta

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Potential Role ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Drosophila Model ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Plastic Responses ◽

Male Gene

It has long been acknowledged that changes in the regulation of gene expression may account for major organismal differences. However, we still do not fully understand how changes in gene expression evolve and how do such changes influence organisms’ differences. We are even less aware of the impact such changes might have in restricting gene flow between species. Here, we focus on studies of gene expression and speciation in the Drosophila model. We review studies that have identified gene interactions in post-mating reproductive isolation and speciation, particularly those that modulate male gene expression. We also address studies that have experimentally manipulated changes in gene expression to test their effect in post-mating reproductive isolation. We highlight the need for a more in-depth analysis of the role of selection causing disrupted gene expression of such candidate genes in sterile/inviable hybrids. Moreover, we discuss the relevance to incorporate more routinely assays that simultaneously evaluate the potential effects of environmental factors and genetic background in modulating plastic responses in male genes and their potential role in speciation.

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P.0900 The potential role of interferon signaling in migraine: a gene expression study

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. S661-S662

Author(s):

S. Kumar ◽

K. Gecse ◽

D. Baksa ◽

X. Gonda ◽

G. Bagdy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Potential Role ◽

Gene Expression Study ◽

Interferon Signaling ◽

Expression Study

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LuxS-dependent AI-2 production is not involved in global regulation of natural product biosynthesis inPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdus

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3471 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antje K. Heinrich ◽

Merle Hirschmann ◽

Nick Neubacher ◽

Helge B. Bode

Keyword(s):

Regulatory System ◽

Regulatory Rna ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Global Regulators ◽

Autoinducer 2 ◽

Small Regulatory Rna ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Different Strains

The Gram-negative bacteriaPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdusare known to produce a variety of different natural products (NP). These compounds play different roles since the bacteria live in symbiosis with nematodes and are pathogenic to insect larvae in the soil. Thus, a fine tuned regulatory system controlling NP biosynthesis is indispensable. Global regulators such as Hfq, Lrp, LeuO and HexA have been shown to influence NP production ofPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdus. Additionally, photopyrones as quorum sensing (QS) signals were demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of NP production inPhotorhabdus.In this study, we investigated the role of another possible QS signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), in regulation of NP production. The AI-2 synthase (LuxS) is widely distributed within the bacterial kingdom and has a dual role as a part of the activated methyl cycle pathway, as well as being responsible for AI-2 precursor production. We deletedluxSin three different entomopathogenic bacteria and compared NP levels in the mutant strains to the wild type (WT) but observed no difference to the WT strains. Furthermore, the absence of the small regulatory RNAmicA, which is encoded directly upstream ofluxS, did not influence NP levels. Phenotypic differences between theP. luminescens luxSdeletion mutant and an earlier describedluxSdeficient strain ofP. luminescenssuggested that two phenotypically different strains have evolved in different laboratories.

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P002 The potential role of IL-33 in inflammatory-associated gut fibrosis: Induction of pro-fibrogenic gene expression and myofibroblast hypertrophy

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1016/s1873-9946(12)60023-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. S11-S12

Author(s):

B. Mattioli ◽

C. De Salvo ◽

L. Pastorelli ◽

R.R. Garg ◽

M. Campieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Potential Role

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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, MITOCHONDRIA AND DIET THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW

10.36106/gjra/4312246 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132-135

Author(s):

Joyeta Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Potential Role ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Limited Data ◽

Neurodegenerative Process ◽

Current Review ◽

Day By Day

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is dened as one chronic disease of central nervous system with neurodegenerative and inammatory components, where most of the patients shown a relapsingremitting course dened by the acute inception of focal neurologic decits and consistent focal inammatory changes visible on MRI. The causal factor of this complicated autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease is still unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key contributor to the neurodegenerative process of this disease. The current review signies the possible potential role of mitochondria in MS and the different dietary approach as a disease modier with the special emphasis on mitochondrial function and neurodegenerations.Research regarding therapeutic implementation of different diet in MS is advancing day by day; but currently remains with limited data. Few studies have been intended with meticulously collected observations, and the very few clinical trials that have been executed with insufcient sample size or length to adequately assess efcacy. More epidemiological and observational studies on dietary implementations were required

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The Potential Role of Preoperative Pain, Catastrophizing, and Differential Gene Expression on Pain Outcomes after Pediatric Spinal Fusion

Pain Management Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.pmn.2020.05.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mallory Perry ◽

Christine B. Sieberg ◽

Erin E. Young ◽

Kyle Baumbauer ◽

Vijender Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Spinal Fusion ◽

Differential Gene Expression ◽

Potential Role ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Preoperative Pain ◽

Pain Outcomes ◽

Differential Gene

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Cohesin-dependent regulation of gene expression during differentiation is lost in cohesin-mutated myeloid malignancies

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.2019001553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (24) ◽

pp. 2195-2208 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel Sasca ◽

Haiyang Yun ◽

George Giotopoulos ◽

Jakub Szybinski ◽

Theo Evan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Potential Role ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Myeloid Malignancy ◽

Erythroid Maturation ◽

Acute Myeloid

Cohesin mutations are common in myeloid malignancy. Sasca et al elucidate the potential role of cohesin loss in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). They demonstrate that cohesin binding is critical for erythroid-specific gene expression and that reduction in cohesin impairs terminal erythroid maturation and promotes myeloid malignancy.

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