Cell Culture Models of Oxidative Stress and Injury in the Central Nervous System

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Aksenova ◽  
Michael Aksenov ◽  
Charles Mactutus ◽  
Rosemarie Booze
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Culture Models

Abstract 103: ACE2 Overexpression Prevents DOCA-Salt Hypertension by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Central Nervous System

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Sriramula ◽  
Huijing Xia ◽  
Eric Lazartigues
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system (CNS) through NADPH oxidase and diminished Nitric oxide (NO) levels are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We previously reported that central Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpression prevents the development of hypertension induced by DOCA-salt in a transgenic mouse model (syn-hACE2; SA) with human ACE2 targeted selectively to neurons in the CNS. While baseline blood pressure (BP; telemetry) was not different among genotypes, DOCA-salt treatment (1mg/g body wt DOCA, 1% saline in drinking water for 3 weeks) resulted in significantly lower BP level in SA mice (122 ±3 mmHg, n=12) compared to non-transgenic (NT) littermates (138 ±3 mmHg, n=8). To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this response, we investigated the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) expression of Nox-2 (catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase), 3-nitrotyrosine, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the hypothalamus. DOCA-salt treatment resulted in decreased catalase (95.2 ±5.6 vs. 113.8 ±17.6 mmol/min/ml, p<0.05) and SOD (4.1 ±0.4 vs. 5.9 ±0.2 U/ml, p<0.01) activities in hypothalamic homogenates of NT mice, which was prevented by ACE2 overexpression (141.8 ±9.9 vs. 142.1 ±9.2 mmol/min/ml and 5.9 ±0.3 vs. 7.9 ±0.2 U/ml, respectively). NT mice treated with DOCA-salt showed increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased expression of Nox-2 (61 ±5 % increase, n=9, p<0.001 vs. NT) and 3-nitrotyrosine (89 ±32 % increase, n=9, p<0.01 vs. NT) in the PVN which was attenuated in SA mice. Furthermore, DOCA-salt hypertension resulted in decreased phosphorylation of eNOS-ser1177 in the PVN (33 ±5 % decrease, n=9, p<0.05 vs NT) and this decrease was prevented by ACE2 overexpression. Taken together, these data provide evidence that brain ACE2 regulates the balance between NO and ROS levels, thereby preventing the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.

Interrelationships between astrocyte function, oxidative stress and antioxidant status within the central nervous system

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Peuchen ◽  
Juan P. Bolaños ◽  
Simon J.R. Heales ◽  
Angeles Almeida ◽  
Michael R. Duchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
The Central Nervous System

P.1.g.110 Evaluation of oxidative stress of Cocos nucifera L. extract on the central nervous system of mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S268-S269
Author(s):  
E. Brito Cortez Lima ◽  
C.N. Soares de Sousa ◽  
L. Nascimento Meneses ◽  
N. Coelho Ximenes ◽  
P. Jonas Gonçalves Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L
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