scholarly journals The Delicate Equilibrium between Oxidants and Antioxidants in Brain Glioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito ◽  
José Manuel Martínez-Martos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Brain Glioma ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism

Gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in the adult population and unfortunately the adjuvant therapies are not effective. Brain tumorigenesis has been related both to the increased levels of free radicals as inductors of severe damages in healthy cells, but also with the reduced response of endogenous enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. In turn, both processes induce the change to malignant cells. In this review, we analyzed the role of the imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant mechanism in the development and progression of gliomas but also the influence of redox status on the two major distinctive forms of programmed cell death related to cancer: apoptosis and autophagy. These data may be the reference to the development of new pharmacological options based on redox microenvironment for glioma treatment.

scholarly journals Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽  
Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽  
Mostafa Elachouri ◽  
Rohollah Masumi ◽  
Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Altered Metals Homeostasis: New Weapons to Counteract HCV-Related Oxidative Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Arciello ◽  
Manuele Gori ◽  
Clara Balsano
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection produces several pathological effects in host organism through a wide number of molecular/metabolic pathways. Today it is worldwide accepted that oxidative stress actively participates in HCV pathology, even if the antioxidant therapies adopted until now were scarcely effective. HCV causes oxidative stress by a variety of processes, such as activation of prooxidant enzymes, weakening of antioxidant defenses, organelle damage, and metals unbalance. A focal point, in HCV-related oxidative stress onset, is the mitochondrial failure. These organelles, known to be the “power plants” of cells, have a central role in energy production, metabolism, and metals homeostasis, mainly copper and iron. Furthermore, mitochondria are direct viral targets, because many HCV proteins associate with them. They are the main intracellular free radicals producers and targets. Mitochondrial dysfunctions play a key role in the metal imbalance. This event, today overlooked, is involved in oxidative stress exacerbation and may play a role in HCV life cycle. In this review, we summarize the role of mitochondria and metals in HCV-related oxidative stress, highlighting the need to consider their deregulation in the HCV-related liver damage and in the antiviral management of patients.

Role of the reacting free radicals on the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin

2009 ◽  
Vol 363 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annia Galano ◽  
Ruslán Álvarez-Diduk ◽  
María Teresa Ramírez-Silva ◽  
Georgina Alarcón-Ángeles ◽  
Alberto Rojas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism

scholarly journals Biochemical and Cellular Characterization of New Radio-Resistant Cell Lines Reveals a Role of Natural Flavonoids to Bypass Senescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Maria Russo ◽  
Carmela Spagnuolo ◽  
Stefania Moccia ◽  
Idolo Tedesco ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
New Radio

Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, and, among the most frequent cancer types, osteosarcoma accounts for 56% of bone neoplasms observed in children and colorectal cancer for 10.2% of tumors diagnosed in the adult population. A common and frequent hurdle in cancer treatment is the emergence of resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy whose biological causes are largely unknown. In the present work, human osteosarcoma (SAOS) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines were γ-irradiated at doses mimicking the sub-lethal irradiation in clinical settings to obtain two radio-resistant cellular sub-populations named SAOS400 and HT500, respectively. Since “therapy-induced senescence” (TIS) is often associated with tumor response to radiotherapy in cancer cells, we measured specific cellular and biochemical markers of senescence in SAOS400 and HT500 cells. In detail, both cell lines were characterized by a higher level of expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4 and p21CIP1 and increased positivity to SAβ-gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase) with respect to parental cells. Moreover, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in the resistant cells were significantly lower compared to the parental counterparts. Subsequently, we demonstrated that senolytic agents were able to sensitize SAOS400 and HT500 to cell death induced by γ-irradiation. Employing two natural flavonoids, fisetin and quercetin, and a BH3-mimetic, ABT-263/navitoclax, we observed that their association with γ-irradiation significantly reduced the expression of p16INK4, p21CIP1 and synergistically (combination index < 1) increased cell death compared to radiation mono-alone treatments. The present results reinforce the potential role of senolytics as adjuvant agents in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Eusociality and Senescence: Neuroprotection and Physiological Resilience to Aging in Insect and Mammalian Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ysabel Milton Giraldo ◽  
Mario L. Muscedere ◽  
James F. A. Traniello
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Eusocial Species ◽  
Selection Of

Are eusociality and extraordinary aging polyphenisms evolutionarily coupled? The remarkable disparity in longevity between social insect queens and sterile workers—decades vs. months, respectively—has long been recognized. In mammals, the lifespan of eusocial naked mole rats is extremely long—roughly 10 times greater than that of mice. Is this robustness to senescence associated with social evolution and shared mechanisms of developmental timing, neuroprotection, antioxidant defenses, and neurophysiology? Focusing on brain senescence, we examine correlates and consequences of aging across two divergent eusocial clades and how they differ from solitary taxa. Chronological age and physiological indicators of neural deterioration, including DNA damage or cell death, appear to be decoupled in eusocial insects. In some species, brain cell death does not increase with worker age and DNA damage occurs at similar rates between queens and workers. In comparison, naked mole rats exhibit characteristics of neonatal mice such as protracted development that may offer protection from aging and environmental stressors. Antioxidant defenses appear to be regulated differently across taxa, suggesting independent adaptations to life history and environment. Eusocial insects and naked mole rats appear to have evolved different mechanisms that lead to similar senescence-resistant phenotypes. Careful selection of comparison taxa and further exploration of the role of metabolism in aging can reveal mechanisms that preserve brain functionality and physiological resilience in eusocial species.

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