scholarly journals Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽  
Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽  
Mostafa Elachouri ◽  
Rohollah Masumi ◽  
Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuropatkina ◽  
N. A. Medvedeva ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5705
Author(s):  
Karolina Szewczyk-Golec ◽  
Marta Pawłowska ◽  
Roland Wesołowski ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Parasite Viability

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of T. gondii infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti-Toxoplasma drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti-Toxoplasma therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then characterized by a milder course. Undoubtedly, research in this area may have a significant impact on the future prospects of toxoplasmosis therapy.

scholarly journals Squalene: More than a Step toward Sterols

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Micera ◽  
Alfonso Botto ◽  
Federica Geddo ◽  
Susanna Antoniotti ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Cellular Models

Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention lines focused on its features. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about endogenous and exogenous sources of SQ and to point out the controversial role of SQ in cardiovascular physiology.

PERBEDAAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN ANTARA EKSTRAK BUAH KIWI DAN APEL SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Nur Ariska Nugrahani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Dpph Method

Radikal bebas yang berbahaya jika konsentrasi ROS akan meningkat sehingga akan mengakibatkan stress oksidatif. Stress oksidatif biasanya disebabkan oleh konsentrasi tinggi dari radikal bebas dalam sel dan jaringan yang dapat diinduksi oleh beberapa faktor negatif seperti gamma, UV, radiasi sinar-X, tekanan psiko-emosional dan makanan yang tercemar.Untuk meminimalisir radikal bebas dalam tubuh diperlukan antioksidan alami seperti ekstrak buah kiwi dan ekstrak buah apel. Uji aktivitas antioksidan pada masing- masing ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1- difenil-2-pikrihidazil). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 dari ekstrak buah kiwi lebih rendah daripada IC50 ekstrak buah apel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah kiwi mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan lebih kuat dari ekstrak buah apel. Keyword : Radikal bebas, DPPH, Ekstrak buah kiwi, Ekstrak buah apel Free radicals will be dangerous if the ROS concentration will increase and causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually caused by high concentrations of free radicals in cells and tissues which can be induced by several negative factors such as gamma, UV, X-ray radiation, psycho-emotional pressure and contaminated food. To minimize free radicals in the body natural antioxidants such as kiwi fruit extract and apple extract. The antioxidant activity test on each extract was carried out by the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrihydazyl). The results showed that IC50 value of kiwi fruit extract was lower than IC50 of apple fruit extract. This shows that kiwi fruit extract has stronger antioxidant activity than apple extract. Keyword : free radicals, DPPH, kiwi fruit extract, apple fruit extract

Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lucia Minciullo ◽  
Antonino Inferrera ◽  
Michele Navarra ◽  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carlo Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Background: Several parameters including inflammatory mediators, hormones, dietary factors, inflammatory genes, and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered to play a role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate tissue damage and OS may lead to compensatory cellular proliferation with resulting hyperplastic growth. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles in English published up to March 2014 using the key words ‘oxidative stress', ‘antioxidants' and ‘benign prostatic hyperplasia'. Results: Prostatic inflammation can cause the generation of free radicals. The extent of oxidative damage can be exacerbated by a decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The balance between OS and the antioxidant component also has a role in developing prostate disease. Several works show the role of oxidant products and of depletion of antioxidant substances in BPH patients. It is accepted that free radicals play a role in carcinogenesis and that BPH should be considered a premalignant condition which may evolve into prostate cancer. High OS parameters and low antioxidant activity are more prominent in prostate cancer patients compared with BPH and controls. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of antioxidants in BPH also in view of preventing the progression to prostate cancer.

scholarly journals SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) DAN RADIKAL BEBAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Evirosa Juliartha Simanjuntak ◽  
Zulham Zulham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant that works by regulating ROS levels. This group of enzymes functions to catalyze the efficient disposal of superoxide anions. Superoxide anions are produced enzymatically and non-enzymatically. In mammals there are 3 types of SOD, namely SOD1 (CuZnSOD), SOD2 (MnSOD), SOD3 (ECSOD). Oxidative stress caused by free radicals has been reported to be involved in several diseases. Various stressors trigger ROS production, also triggering the production of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), hydroperoxidase (HPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Free radicals cause oxidative stress when the amount in the body is excessive, this situation will cause oxidative damage at the cellular, tissue to organ levels that will accelerate the aging process and the onset of disease. Free radicals are molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons and are therefore relatively unstable. Free radicals try to stabilize themselves by taking electrons from other molecules and will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If there is a disturbance in the balance of ROS products with antioxidants, oxidative stress will occur which results in damage to cell components. The higher levels of oxidative stress will increase the lipid peroxidation marker which is presented as malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the SOD enzyme activity. Thus the role of molecules that have antioxidant activity is very necessary to ward off oxidative stress.

scholarly journals New natural antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu ◽  
Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽  
Eleni Mimi Buzea
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Optimal Health

Antioxidants are, no doubt, an essential part of an optimal health and even traditional doctors support the importance of an appropriate contribution of antioxidants taken through food. Antioxidants are a category of molecules able to inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. The body distributes various nutrients in the body due to their antioxidant properties and also factory antioxidant enzymes to keep under control the reaction in the chain of free radicals. Some antioxidants are produced by the body, but others don't. In addition, the body's natural ability to produce antioxidants decreases with age. Antioxidants play a significant role for health as it may influence the aging by fighting free radicals. There are antioxidants which can’t be produced in the human body, and to be taken through antioxidant-rich foods, or supplements powerful antioxidant. The paper aims to present some natural sources of oxidants that can be obtained through diet.

scholarly journals POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI PADA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBLANG (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Ayu Nirmala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
In Cells

Various diseases can be triggered by the condition of oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs in cells when free radicals are present in excess amounts. To reduce the negative effects and negative effects of these free radicals, the body needs antioxidants. The aim of this research is to know the antioxidant potential of black plum leaf extract (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel) using DPPH method. Based on the results of antioxidant potential testing in black plum leaf extract known that it has antioxidant content that is classified as very active with an IC 50 value of 8.85. The results of this study indicate that the leaves of black plum (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel have the potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants for humans.

Invivo Protective Effect of Indigofera on Hepatic Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vishal N Kushare ◽  
Suvarna A Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oxidative Stress is the primary cause of most of the diseases currently in the world. The human body is prone to many illnesses out of which oxidative stress plays a significant role in the causation of those. The Stress in the body releases free radicals and these free radicals react with the cell organelle and cause denaturation and break down. The generated free radicals should be fought to eliminate and prevent toxic effects. Many drugs are known to fight free radicals. Most of them had been scientifically evaluated and published for their activity too. The investigations say that antioxidant activity of the herbs does not similarly reflect . There were differences in activity and significant deviations in the results that are shown in comparison to and . Thus, there is an urgent necessity to investigate the antioxidant activity of herbs to make sure that the activity resembles and to find any variations when compared to activity. This research protocol was framed out to screen for the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of the Indigofera leaves by estimating the serum parameters and correlating the results with the human body. Out of the values overall, the were the ones that are significant participants in fighting the free radicals and in boosting the immune system. The ethanol extract successfully prevented the breakdown of the cellular structure of the liver cells, thereby protecting it and replenishing the enzyme levels by destroying the free radicals that are generated due to DMH.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Properties of Selenium and Vitamin E; Their Role in Periparturient Dairy Cattle Health Regulation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Yulin Ma ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Jiaying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Dairy cattle experience health risks during the periparturient period. The continuous overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation leads to the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually considered the main contributor to several diseases such as retained placenta, fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis and metritis in periparturient dairy cattle. The oxidative stress is generally balanced by the naturally available antioxidant system in the body of dairy cattle. However, in some special conditions, such as the peripariparturient period, the natural antioxidant system of a body is not able to balance the ROS production. To cope with this situation, the antioxidants are supplied to the dairy cattle from external sources. Natural antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E have been found to restore normal health by minimizing the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. The deficiencies of Se and vitamin E have been reported to be associated with various diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. Thus in the current review, we highlight the new insights into the Se and vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant agents in the health regulation of periparturient dairy cattle.

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