scholarly journals WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Chatzopoulos ◽  
Massimo Costalonga ◽  
Kim C. Mansky ◽  
Larry F. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Background and Objectives: Wnt signaling leads to stimulation of osteoblasts and it reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the regulation of the osteprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligan (RANKL). Wnt signaling pathways are regulated by their physiological antagonists such as sclerostin (SOST) as well as WNT-5a. The aim of this study was to determine the total amount of Sclerostin and WNT-5a in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with a continuum from a healthy to diseased periodontium. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 20 patients with generalized periodontitis, 10 subjects with gingivitis as well as 14 individuals with a healthy periodontium were recruited upon clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, GCF samples were collected from periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites, while gingivitis patients provided samples from gingivitis and healthy sites. In healthy patients, only healthy sites were sampled. Protein total amount of SOST and WNT-5a were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 108 GCF samples were collected from a total of 44 individuals. When all periodontitis (n = 51), gingivitis (n = 12) and healthy (n = 45) sites were analyzed regardless of the patient diagnosis, periodontitis sites demonstrated significantly elevated WNT-5a total amounts (p = 0.03) when compared to gingivitis sites. Gingivitis sites demonstrated a trend of more total SOST (p = 0.09) when compared to periodontitis and healthy sites. Within each patient diagnostic category, sites showed similar SOST and WNT-5a total amounts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: WNT-5a levels in GCF depend on the stage of periodontitis sites. SOST trended higher in the GCF of gingivitis sites but similar in chronic periodontitis and healthy sites. WNT-5a and SOST play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling and depend on the inflammatory and osteoclastogenic activities.

scholarly journals Salivary Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 Could Be an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with Calculus Associated Chronic Periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniah Batool ◽  
Ahmed Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Faheem Shahzad ◽  
Romeeza Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background/Purpose. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums that causes loss of supporting structures of teeth, that is, gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Levels of various cytokines in the serum, gingival tissues, and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis have been studied, but limited data are available on the level of cytokines in saliva. Therefore, a study was designed to determine levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. It was a comparative, cross-sectional study that is comprised of 41 healthy controls and 41 calculus associated chronic periodontitis patients (CP patients). According to the degree of attachment loss, CP patients were subcategorized as mild (CAL 1-2 mm), moderate (CAL 3-4 mm), and severe (CAL > 5 mm) forms of periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. Between healthy controls and CP patients (moderate and severe disease), a statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17. In CP patients, the highest mean ± SD of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 was observed in severe CP, followed by moderate and mild CP. Regarding level of IL-6, a statistically significant difference was observed between mild and severe disease and between moderate and severe subcategories of CP patients. Similarly, statistically significant difference was observed in the level of IL-17 between mild and moderate, mild and severe disease, and moderate and severe disease. Conclusion. The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 were increased significantly in calculus associated CP patients as compared to healthy controls and these levels increased with the progression of CP. Clinical Significance. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may help in the subcategorization of CP.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of GCF sIL-6R and calprotectin to evaluate the periodontal inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Kajiura ◽  
Jung-Hwan Lew ◽  
Takahisa Ikuta ◽  
Yasufumi Nishikawa ◽  
Jun-ichi Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the soluble form of interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and calprotectin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid are useful biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontitis. Methods First, a cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 34 periodontitis patients were enrolled and the gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the healthy and inflamed sites of periodontal pockets in each patient. The relationship between periodontal condition and gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations was analysed statistically. The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontitis were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Next, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it was examined whether calprotectin induces sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages. Results Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in the inflamed sites than in the healthy sites ( P < 0.0001). The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontal inflammation were as follows: sIL-6R: 43.5 pg/site; calprotectin: 134.3 ng/site. In the in vitro study, calprotectin significantly induced sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages ( P < 0.01). Conclusions Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations are significant biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontal inflammation.

scholarly journals Biomarker for Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: aMMP-8

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Karteva ◽  
Neshka Manchorova-Veleva
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Objectives Asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) is one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory diseases in the field of dental medicine. Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) previously demonstrated diagnostic potential as a biomarker for AAP in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The aim of this study was to determine the levels and diagnostic accuracy of aMMP-8 in GCF from teeth with AAP. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, GCF samples were obtained from teeth with AAP (sample group, n = 31) and their contralateral teeth (control group, n = 31). Clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) parameters were used for the diagnosis and assessment of AAP and the determination of clinically healthy marginal periodontal tissues. One pool GCF sample per tooth was obtained from the whole crevice’s perimeter. aMMP-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical Analysis Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) were used as statistical tools. The significance level was set at p < .05. Results The two groups demonstrated biomarker levels corresponding to a healthy marginal periodontal tissue. aMMP-8 levels were statistically and significantly higher in the samples collected from teeth with AAP. Lesions with greater volume showed correspondingly larger diameters. No statistically significant correlation between aMMP-8 levels and lesions’ volume or diameter was discovered. Conclusion GCF composition is modified by AAP only to a minimal extent. Further research is needed to substantiate the utilization of aMMP-8 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of the disease as well as to explore its relationship with other biomarkers.

scholarly journals Interleukin-33 and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Chronic Periodontitis and Their Correlation to Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nayroz Tarrad ◽  
Maha Abdelkawy ◽  
Olfat Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: This study investigates the presence of interleukin (IL)-33 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with chronic periodontitis and whether or not they are correlated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty subjects were included in this study: 20 chronic periodontitis patients (CP), 20 diabetic chronic periodontitis patients (CPDM) and 20 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and saliva samples were collected from all participants. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying IL-33 and OPG levels. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of the CP and CP-DM groups with the control. Correlation analyses were performed to find the value of Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the cut-off values of the markers to differentiate between the groups. Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were compared using z-statistic. Results: IL-33, in both GCF and saliva, was significantly higher in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, and significantly higher in the CP-DM group compared to the CP group in saliva. On the other hand, the level of OPG in GCF and saliva was significantly lower in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, but was of no significance when comparing the CP-DM and CP groups. Conclusion: IL-33 seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, while OPG may have a protective function. Diabetes may affect and influence the expression of IL-33. Thus, they could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic periodontitis either in saliva or GCF.

scholarly journals Immunological evaluation of the crevicular fluid in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a 1-year cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e41101320756
Author(s):  
Juliana Barbosa de Faria ◽  
Taíssa Cássia de Souza Furtado ◽  
Thaís Soares Farnesi de Assunção ◽  
Douglas Reis Abdalla ◽  
Fabiane Minin Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Immunological Evaluation

Objective:  To assess the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis before and one year after implant installation. Material and Methods: Forty-nine samples of GCF and PICF were collected from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were classified: patients with gingivitis (n=7), patients with periodontitis (n=14), patients with peri-implantitis (n=4) and healthy patients (n=24). The crevicular fluid from the 49 patients was collected before implant installation (n=8) and one year after implant placement (n=8). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of cytokines in crevicular fluid. Results: Patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis showed higher concentrations of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 when compared with control group. In general, the levels of IL-12 and IL-15 increased when compared to the moments before and after implant installation. There was also an increase in the concentration of IL-18 in the control group volunteers after implant installation. Conclusion: The results and methodology of this study showed that there was no difference in the synthesis of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in healthy individuals or in those with periodontal injuries. However, there was an increase in the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 one year after implant installation, which would be increasing the inflammatory activity in peri-implantitis.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián Giraldo ◽  
Ana María Heredia-P ◽  
Juliette De Avila ◽  
Lorena Chila-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

scholarly journals S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid for screening periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Duck Kim ◽  
Sandeep Karna ◽  
YooJin Shin ◽  
Huong Vu ◽  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background: Periodontitis is one of major oral diseases, which has no consensus on early screening tool. This study aimed to compare the association and screening ability of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for periodontitis.Methods: We recruited 149 community Koreans, 50 healthy and 99 periodontitis. Using clinical attachment loss and a panoramic radiograph, stage II-IV of new classification of periodontitis proposed at 2018 was considered as periodontitis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify S100A8 and S100A9. T-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis were applied to compare the relationship of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood, and GCF for periodontitis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for screening ability.Results: Among S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and GCF, S100A8 in saliva was significantly higher in periodontitis participants than in healthy participants (p<0.05) and showed highest screening ability of 0.73 for periodontitis. However, S100A8 and S100A9 in GCF were significantly higher in healthy participants (p<0.05). Salivary S100A8 was positively correlated to blood S100A8 (r=0.21, p <0.05).Conclusion: Salivary S100A8 could be a potential diagnostic marker for periodontitis. Thus, S100A8 salivary kit will be useful for screening periodontitis.

scholarly journals Bone metabolism and RANKL/RANK/OPG trail in periodontal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Lukasz Czupkallo ◽  
Mansur Rahnama ◽  
Dominik Kielbowicz ◽  
Michal Lobacz ◽  
Maryla Kozicka-Czupkallo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology. In order for it to appear there must come to an imbalance between the effects of pathogens and host defense mechanisms. As a result of its course the destruction of structures supporting the teeth appears (periodontium, cement, bone), and consequently leads to teeth loosening and loss. In recent years, the participation of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone remodeling process was highligted. At the molecular level the bone resorption is regulated through the interaction of the ligand receptor activator of nuclear NF-kappa B (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is a system of two proteins belonging to the protein tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent findings about the RANKL protein and OPG have shed new light on the previously unexplained phenomenon of the basis of bone resorption. Research has shown that both protein OPG and RANKL can be detected in gingival crevicular fluid, which has become a window of opportunity in the analysis of non-invasive markers of periodontal tissues, confirming elevated levels of RANKL protein in periodontal disease, and decreased levels of OPG protein. Bone resorption is initiated by the binding of the RANKL protein to receptors RANK present on the surface of mature osteoclasts, and their precursors, which leads to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. OPG, being RANKL’s inhibitor, has, in turn, opposite characteristics to RANKL, resulting in the reduction of osteoclastogenesis process. Despite all this, the exact mechanism of bone resorption has not yet been elucidated.

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