New Drugs and Treatment Regimens

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Sloan ◽  
Geraint Davies ◽  
Saye Khoo
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Treatment Regimens

scholarly journals Benznidazole Treatment: Time- and Dose-Dependence Varies with the Trypanosoma cruzi Strain

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Kátia da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luísa Perin ◽  
Nívia Carolina Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Beatriz Cristiane da Silva ◽  
Thays Helena Chaves Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Treatment Regimens

As the development of new drugs for Chagas disease is not a priority due to its neglected disease status, an option for increasing treatment adherence is to explore alternative treatment regimens, which may decrease the incidence of side effects. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of different therapeutic schemes with benznidazole (BNZ) on the acute and chronic phases of the disease, using mice infected with strains that have different BNZ susceptibilities. Our results show that the groups of animals infected by VL-10 strain, when treated in the chronic phase with a lower dose of BNZ for a longer period of time (40 mg/kg/day for 40 days) presented better treatment efficacy than with the standard protocol (100 mg/kg/day for 20 days) although the best result in the treatment of the animals infected by the VL-10 strain was with100 mg/kg/day for 40 days. In the acute infection by the Y and VL-10 strains of T. cruzi, the treatment with a standard dose, but with a longer time of treatment (100 mg/kg/day for 40 days) presented the best results. Given these data, our results indicate that for BNZ, the theory of dose and time proportionality does not apply to the phases of infection.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis: Development of New Drugs and Treatment Regimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Soedarsono Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Who Guideline

Tuberculosis (TB) still becomes a public health crisis. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) becomes a concern as the increasing DR-TB cases in countries with high TB burden. The 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline recommended a combination of TB treatment consisting of 2 months of intensive phase with isoniazid (H), rifampisin (R), pyrazinamid (Z), and ethambutol (E), followed by 4 months of continuation phase with HR daily. WHO has updated DR-TB treatment guidelines several times. In 2016, WHO recommended shorter regimen and individual regimen based on certain conditions. The most updated 2020 WHO guideline recommended the short regimen consisting of all oral drugs as well as changes in the grouping of medicines used in DR-TB regimens in longer/individual regimens. Bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid, and sutezolid are new drugs which have been studied for their uses as anti-TB drugs (ATD). Bedaquilin and delamanid, which have passed phase 3 trials, have been approved and recommended by WHO for DR-TB treatment. Repurposed drugs have been used for DR-TB treatment during the time of evaluation of drugs list and regimens for DR-TB treatment. Fluoroquinolones, clofazimine, linezolid, carbapenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are repurposed drugs. TB and DR-TB management will be updated at any time, based on the latest findings in studies, to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of current treatments. Prevention of active TB disease by the treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) is also a critical component of the end TB strategy by WHO. Therefore, the development of new drugs for the LTBI treatment is also needed.

Ponatinib, Lestaurtinib and mTOR/PI3K inhibitors are promising repurposing candidates against Entamoeba histolytica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Kangussu-Marcolino ◽  
Upinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Tk Inhibitors

Dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica affects millions of people annually. Current treatment regimens are based on metronidazole to treat invasive parasites combined with paromomycin for luminal parasites. Issues with treatment include significant side effects, inability to easily treat breastfeeding and pregnant women, the use of two sequential agents, and concern that all therapy is based on nitroimidazole agents with no alternatives if clinical resistance emerges. Thus, the need for new drugs against amebiasis is urgent. To identify new therapeutic candidates, we screened the ReFRAME library (11,948 compounds assembled for Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem) against E. histolytica trophozoites. We identified 159 hits in the primary screen at 10 μM and 46 compounds were confirmed in secondary assays. Overall, 26 were selected as priority molecules for further investigation including 6 FDA approved, 5 orphan designation, and 15 which are currently in clinical trials (3 phase III, 7 phase II and 5 phase I). We found that all 26 compounds are active against metronidazole resistant E. histolytica and 24 are able to block parasite recrudescence after drug removal. Additionally, 14 are able to inhibit encystation and 2 (lestaurtinib and LY-2874455) are active against mature cysts. Two classes of compounds are most interesting for further investigations: the Bcr-Abl TK inhibitors, with the ponatinib (EC 50 0.39) as most potent and mTOR or PI3K inhibitors with 8 compounds in clinical development, of which 4 have nanomolar potency. Overall, these are promising candidates and represent a significant advance for drug development against E. histolytica .

Multidisciplinary advisory teams to manage multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: the example of the French Consilium

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
L. Guglielmetti ◽  
J. Jaffré ◽  
C. Bernard ◽  
F. Brossier ◽  
N. El Helali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Health Organization

SETTING: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment should be managed in collaboration with multidisciplinary advisory committees (consilia). A formal national Consilium has been established in France since 2005 to provide a centralised advisory service for clinicians managing MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) cases.OBJECTIVE: Review the activity of the French TB Consilium since its establishment.DESIGN: Retrospective description and analysis of the activity of the French TB Consilium.RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2016, 786 TB cases or contacts of TB cases were presented at the French TB Consilium, including respectively 42% and 79% of all the MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases notified in France during this period. Treatment regimens including bedaquiline and/or delamanid were recommended for 42% of the cases presented at the French TB Consilium since 2009. Patients were more likely to be presented at the French TB Consilium if they were born in the WHO Europe Region, had XDR-TB, were diagnosed in the Paris region, or had resistance to additional drugs than those defining XDR-TB.CONCLUSION: The French TB Consilium helped supervise appropriate management of MDR/XDR-TB cases and facilitated implementation of new drugs for MDR/XDR-TB treatment.

Tuberculosis treatment and management—an update on treatment regimens, trials, new drugs, and adjunct therapies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Zumla ◽  
Jeremiah Chakaya ◽  
Rosella Centis ◽  
Lia D'Ambrosio ◽  
Peter Mwaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens

Standardizing Wound Treatment Procedures for Advanced Technologies

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerit D. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Specific Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Label Indication ◽  
Made In

New drugs and tissue replacements are currently being approved and integrated into treatment regimens for chronic wounds. This article focuses on a standardized procedure for the use of specific growth factor, a recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) manufactured for topical administration. The recommendations made in this article may not reflect product recommendations made by the manufacturer of the drug. Clinicians must be able to support any off-label indication for use of a product. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(1): 7-11, 2002)

scholarly journals Impact of New Drugs and Biologics on Colorectal Cancer Treatment and Costs

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. e30s-e37s ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Karaca-Mandic ◽  
Jeffrey S. McCullough ◽  
Mustaqeem A. Siddiqui ◽  
Holly Van Houten ◽  
Nilay D. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Treatment

We measured the financial consequences of new CRC treatment regimens. New regimens have increased cost directly through price and indirectly through nonstandard and second-line regimen use.

scholarly journals How I treat fragile myeloma patients

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (19) ◽  
pp. 2179-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Larocca ◽  
Antonio Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Assessment Strategies

Abstract Multiple myeloma is a disease typical of elderly people, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. Much progress has been made in the past few years thanks to the introduction of new drugs. However, increases in survival were much less pronounced in patients aged 60 to 69 years, and no improvement was seen in older patients. Furthermore, the currently approved treatment regimens were tested in clinical trials with stringent inclusion criteria. Aging is associated with a high prevalence of frailty, that is, a state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to a critical decline in physiologic reserves. Elderly people may be categorized as fit or frail according to clinical, functional, cognitive, and socioeconomic criteria. The presence of frailty may complicate the management and outcome of myeloma patients. To date, the choice of treatment of myeloma patients has focused primarily on chronological age and performance status as markers of frailty. However, the elderly population is highly heterogeneous, and improved assessment strategies are needed to define the frailty profile of patients and provide them with the most adequate treatment, thus avoiding the overtreatment of frail patients and the undertreatment of fit patients. The geriatric assessment is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of cognitive and functional status.

Targeting of the immune system in systemic lupus erythematosus

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Ramanujam ◽  
Anne Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Activation Pathways

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex immune disorder in which loss of tolerance to nucleic acid antigens and other crossreactive antigens is associated with the development of pathogenic autoantibodies that damage target organs, including the skin, joints, brain and kidney. New drugs based on modulation of the immune system are currently being developed for the treatment of SLE. Many of these new therapies do not globally suppress the immune system but target specific activation pathways relevant to SLE pathogenesis. Immune modulation in SLE is complicated by differences in the immune defects between patients and at different disease stages. Since both deficiency and hyperactivity of the immune system can give rise to SLE, the ultimate goal for SLE therapy is to restore homeostasis without affecting protective immune responses to pathogens. Here we review recent immunological advances that have enhanced our understanding of SLE pathogenesis and discuss how they may lead to the development of new treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rifapentine in Long-Term Treatment Regimens for Tuberculosis in Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2356-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. J. A. Lenaerts ◽  
Sharon E. Chase ◽  
Alex J. Chmielewski ◽  
Michael H. Cynamon
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Intermittent Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Apparent Clearance ◽  
Antituberculosis Chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Besides direct bactericidal activity, long-term effectiveness is one of the most important features to consider when developing new drugs for chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the ability of rifapentine (RFP), in monotherapy and combination therapy, to completely eradicate a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and to prevent relapse posttreatment in a Swiss mouse model. The combination of RFP, isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) administered daily resulted in an apparent clearance of M. tuberculosis organisms in the lungs and spleens of infected mice after 10 weeks of treatment. However, 3 months after the cessation of therapy, bacterial regrowth occurred in mice treated for a 12-week period, indicating a relapse of infection. In intermittent treatment regimens of RFP in combination with INH and PZA, sterilization was achieved when mice were treated two to five times per week for 9 weeks. Bacterial growth was still observed in the once-weekly treatment group. Our results show that mouse models can predict important parameters for new drugs. We stress the necessity for long-term posttreatment observation in animal models for the routine evaluation of new drugs for antituberculosis chemotherapy.

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