immune disorder
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
Yi Jiao ◽  
Tianyuan Yu ◽  
Hourong Wang ◽  
Yingqi Zhang ◽  
...  

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence and canceration rate. The immune disorder is one of the recognized mechanisms. Acupuncture is widely used to treat patients with IBD. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have proven the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of IBD, and some progress has been made in the mechanism. In this paper, we reviewed the studies related to acupuncture for IBD and focused on the immunomodulatory mechanism. We found that acupuncture could regulate the innate and adaptive immunity of IBD patients in many ways. Acupuncture exerts innate immunomodulatory effects by regulating intestinal epithelial barrier, toll-like receptors, NLRP3 inflammasomes, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress and exerts adaptive immunomodulation by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cells. In addition, acupuncture can also regulate intestinal flora.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yung Liao ◽  
Hsin-Yi Lo ◽  
I-Chen Liu ◽  
Lun-Chien Lo ◽  
Chien-Yun Hsiang ◽  
...  

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a principal diabetic microvascular complication, is a chronic inflammatory immune disorder. A gastro-resistant peptide mcIRBP-9 from Momordica charantia has shown the modulation of blood glucose homeostasis in...


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yung Liao ◽  
Hsin-Yi Lo ◽  
I-Chen Liu ◽  
Lun-Chien Lo ◽  
Chien-Yun Hsiang ◽  
...  

Diabetic nephropathy is an inflammatory immune disorder accompanying diabetes. mcIRBP, the trypsin inhibitor of Momordica charantia, is an abundant 68-amino-acid-residue protein that interacts with the insulin receptor. Here the long-term...


Author(s):  
Ruoyun He ◽  
Yujuan Chen ◽  
Xiaoer Chen ◽  
Binfan Yuan

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immune disorder and also a risk factor of asthma. microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in autoimmune diseases, including RA. This study investigated effect of miR-181a-5p on regulatory T (Treg)/ T-helper (Th) 17 immune imbalance in AR. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A murine model of AR was established and treated with lentivirus modified miR-181a-5p. The allergic symptoms of mice were examined. The contents of Th17-related cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ and interleukin [IL]-6), Treg-related cytokine (IL-10), and Treg-specific nuclear transcription factor (Foxp3) in nasal mucosa and lung tissues were determined. The proportion of Treg and Th17 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E in the serum, and the contents of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 in nasal lavage fluid were measured. The targeting relationship between miR-181a-5p and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) was verified. HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in RA were determined, and the interaction between HMGB1 and RAGE was detected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> miR-181a-5p expression was reduced in AR mice. miR-181a-5p overexpression attenuated allergic behaviors, alleviated Treg/Th17 imbalance, and delayed asthma development. HMGB1 and RAGE were elevated in AR mice. miR-181a-5p targeted HMGB1, and HMGB1 bound to RAGE, while miR-181a-5p overexpression reduced the binding between them. Activating HMGB1/RAGE reversed the protective effect of miR-181a-5p overexpression on AR and induced the development of asthma. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> miR-181a-5p overexpression reduced the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE by inhibiting HMGB1, thus alleviating Treg/Th17 immune imbalance and blocking AR from developing into asthma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Kashish Tyagi ◽  
Sheilly Kapoor ◽  
Ishani Mohapatra ◽  
Komal Sharma

Alopecia areata, an auto-immune disorder characterised by the appearance of non-scarring bald patches affecting the hair bearing areas of the body, it can be extremely difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis despite many therapeutic options. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has been previously used to treat variety of alopecia including alopecia areata. A 21-year old girl presented with asymptomatic loss of hair from the scalp for the last more than two years. On examination, there was diffuse loss of hair all over the scalp with few small, thin light-coloured hair in the occipital region. Histopathological examination showed miniaturised hair follicles surrounded by variable inflammatory lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with a marked reduction in terminal-vellus hair ratio to 1:1.The response to previous treatments was poor at the end of 1 year. A trial of PRP was given with no adjuvant treatment with a total of eight sessions of PRP. Dramatic response was noted after 2 sessions in the form of improvement in hair diameter and total volume. Resistant areas also started showing hair growth. There are a few studies assessing the role of PRP therapy in AA. First report to establish the efficacy of PRP as a treatment modality in AA, showed PRP therapy to be superior to TCA and Placebo in growing pigmented hair in AA patches. A case report with ophiasis type AA resistant to intralesional steroid injections showed excellent response to PRP therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial role of PRP therapy in cases of patchy alopecia areata, in contrast ours was a case of chronic diffuse AA. Inspite of many treatment modalities tried for more than a year, the response was unsatisfactory. PRP therapy yielded amazing results in the form of hair growth over resistant areas and overall increase in pigmented hair which were sustained at one and a half year follow up. Our case was unique in the way that excellent response to PRP treatment was noted (a) In a case of diffuse alopecia areata. (b) In a case non- responsive to standard modalities. (c) In a case with no other supportive treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongjun Xiao ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
Jinshuo Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Huizhu Lin ◽  
...  

Background: Human olfactory mesenchymal stem cells (OMSC) have become a novel therapeutic option for immune disorder or demyelinating disease due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative potentials. However, the immunomodulatory effects of OMSC still need to be elucidated, and comparisons of the effects of different MSCs are also required in order to select an optimal cell source for further applications.Results: In animal experiments, we found neural functional recovery and delayed EAE attack in the OMSC treatment group. Compared with umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (UMSC) treatment group and the control group, the OMSC treatment group had a better neurological improvement, lower serum levels of IFN-γ, and a lower proportion of CD4+IFN-γ+ T splenic lymphocyte. We also observed OMSC effectively suppressed CD4+IFN-γ+ T cell proportion in vitro when co-cultured with human peripheral blood–derived lymphocytes. The OMSC-mediated immunosuppressive effect on human CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells was attenuated by blocking cyclooxygenase activity.Conclusion: Our results suggest that OMSC treatment delayed the onset and promoted the neural functional recovery in the EAE mouse model possibly by suppressing CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. OMSC transplantation might become an alternative therapeutic option for neurological autoimmune disease.


Author(s):  
Neeta Thakur

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is an acquired is auto immune disorder that is defined by the presence of antibodies known as antiphospholipid antibodies in addition to clinical thrombosis and/ or poor obstetric outcome. Although the incidence remains unknown, 10% to 15% of women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss will meet the criteria for APLS. In these Patients, the annual incidence of deep vein thrombosis and stroke is 1.46% and 0.32% respectively. Compared with the annual incidence in the general population of 0.1% for deep vein thrombosis and 0.1% for stroke.1


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zou ◽  
Qi-Shan Zeng ◽  
Jiao Nie ◽  
Jia-Hui Yang ◽  
Zhen-Yi Luo ◽  
...  

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), exhibits a complex multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetic susceptibility, imbalance of gut microbiota, mucosal immune disorder and environmental factors. Recent studies reported associations between ubiquitination and deubiquitination and the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease. Ubiquitination modification, one of the most important types of post-translational modifications, is a multi-step enzymatic process involved in the regulation of various physiological processes of cells, including cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Alterations in ubiquitination and deubiquitination can lead to various diseases, including IBD. Here, we review the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) and their mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications in the pathogenesis of IBD. We highlight the importance of this type of posttranslational modification in the development of inflammation, and provide guidance for the future development of targeted therapeutics in IBD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stepaniuk ◽  
Amin Kanani

Abstract Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an inherited condition manifesting as recurrent angioedema episodes which is caused by deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor. Although complement dysregulation has historically been shown to be associated with various malignancy and immune disorders, it is currently not known if HAE patients are at an increased risk of developing malignancy or autoimmune conditions. Case presentation We reviewed the charts of 49 HAE patients and identified 6 patients who had a co-existing malignancy diagnosis (two with breast cancer, one with melanoma, one with pancreatic cancer, one with renal cancer and one with cervical dysplasia) and 6 patients who had a diagnosis of a co-existing immune disorder (two with rheumatoid arthritis, two with ulcerative colitis, one with chronic urticaria with hypothyroidism and one with Sjogren’s syndrome). Nearly all malignancy cases occurred in older HAE patients (> 50 years) and malignancy was diagnosed before HAE in 3 of the patients. Conclusions Our case series identified multiple hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients with co-existing malignancy and immune disorders. Based on these findings, we would advocate that physicians managing HAE patients should maintain a high index of suspicion for these conditions and that in patients with angioedema, C1 inhibitor deficiency and malignancy, a diagnosis of HAE should still be considered in addition to acquired angioedema (AAE).


Author(s):  
Qiuming Yao ◽  
Zhenyu Song ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xi Jia ◽  
Ronghua Song ◽  
...  

Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis is unclear. Studies have found that the occurrence of GD is related to the immune disorder caused by the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The CD4+ T cell subset is closely related to the immune disorder of GD. LncRNAs are RNA molecules with a length of more than 200 nt and are involved in a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in recurrent GD are still elusive. The purpose of this study is to identify lncRNA and mRNA expression profile in relapsed Graves’ disease.Method: CD4+ T cells from 12 recurrent GD and 8 healthy controls were collected for high-throughput sequencing. The gene-weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the co-expression module relevant to recurrent GD, and the key genes in the module were verified by RT-PCR.Results: There are 602 upregulated lncRNAs and 734 downregulated lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells in recurrent GD patients compared with the healthy controls. The module most relevant to GD recurrence was constructed using WGCNA, and the key genes in the module were verified by RT-PCR. We found that the expression of RPL8, OAS2, NFAT5, DROSHA, NONHSAT093153.2, NONHSAT118924.2, and NONHSAT209004.1 was significantly decreased in GD group (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.05, and p &lt; 0.01, respectively).Conclusion: LncRNAs are closely related to the recurrence of GD. For the first time, we constructed the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in CD4+ T cells in recurrent GD patients.


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