Interference of Gold Nanoparticles with In vitro Endotoxin Detection Assays

Background: Endotoxin-free engineered nanoparticle suspensions are imperative for their successful applications in the field of nanomedicine as well as in the investigations in their toxicity. Gold nanoparticles are known to interfere with various in vitro assays due to their optical properties and potential for surface reactivity. In vitro endotoxin testing assays are known to be susceptible to interference caused by the sample being tested. Objective: This study aimed to identify a preferred assay for the testing of endotoxin contamination in gold nanoparticle suspensions. Methods: The interference by gold nanoparticles on three assays namely, the commonly used limulus amebocyte lysate chromogenic assay, the limulus amebocyte lysate gel-clot method, and the less common recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay, was tested. Results: Possible interference could be observed with all three assays. The interference with the absorbance- based chromogenic assay could not be overcome by dilution; whilst the qualitative nature of the gel-clot assay excluded the possibility of distinguishing between a false positive result due to enhancement of the sensitivity of the assay, and genuine endotoxin contamination. However, interference with the rFC assay was easily overcome through dilution. Conclusion: The rFC assay is recommended as an option for endotoxin contamination detection in gold nanoparticle suspensions.

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Augmented tumor accumulation and photothermal ablation using gold nanoparticles with a particular cellular entry orientation

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911518809112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 660-675

Author(s):

Gwang Jin Noh ◽

Hongsuk Park ◽

Eun Seong Lee

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Cellular Internalization ◽

Tat Peptide ◽

Peptide Expression ◽

Cellular Entry ◽

Tumor Accumulation

Gold nanoparticles with various functionalities have served as potential tools in nanotechnology for tumor ablation. In this work, we seek to design and develop gold nanoparticle with poly(ethylene glycol)-containing dopamine (hereafter termed as AuND), and to synthesize the AuND with one-sided Tat peptide expression (OT@AuND). We demonstrate the tumor cell-targeting ability on the basis of anti-nonspecific cell binding of OT@AuND and determine how the chemically modified gold nanoparticle–based product affects photothermal tumor therapy in vitro and in vivo. The OT@AuND with a particular cellular entry orientation–induced delayed endocytosis, which is advantageous for enhanced permeability and retention effect-based tumor accumulation. This is because the slower cellular interaction of OT@AuND allows it to have the time to be transported to and bind to the tumor site. In tumor cell lines, OT@AuND showed a lower cellular uptake than gold nanoparticles with full-sided Tat peptide expression (FT@AuND) in the early period (after its in vitro and in vivo administration), but the cellular internalization rate of OT@AuND caught up with that of FT@AuND in the late period. Importantly, the delayed cellular internalization feature of OT@AuND resulted in efficient tumor accumulation in tumor-bearing mice, because the time interval provided OT@AuND more chances not to bind to any cells, but to enter tumor cells, leading to selective photothermal tumor ablation. These data suggest that gold nanoparticles with a particular cellular entry orientation can be further explored as a potential photothermal therapeutic agent and as a strategy to treat tumors.

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Platelet-derived growth factor C signaling is a potential therapeutic target for radiation proctopathy

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (582) ◽

pp. eabc2344

Author(s):

Weisi Lu ◽

Yunling Xie ◽

Binjie Huang ◽

Tenghui Ma ◽

Huaiming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Pelvic Malignancies ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Factor C ◽

Chemokine Receptor 4

Radiation proctopathy (RP) is characterized by inflammation of colorectal tissue and is a common complication of radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence but lacking effective treatment. Here, we found that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and fibrosis markers were up-regulated in tissue samples from patients with RP and in rectal tissues after irradiation in a mouse model of RP. Genetic deletion of Pdgf-c in mice ameliorated RP-induced injuries. Genome-wide gene expression profiling and in vitro assays revealed that the promotive effect of PDGF-C in RP development was mediated by activation of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4, a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by transcription factor ETS variant transcription factor 1. Treatment with crenolanib, a selective inhibitor of PDGFRs, prevented or reduced RP in mice after irradiation. These results reveal that inhibition of PDGF-C signaling may have therapeutic value for the treatment of RP.

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Radioactive Gold Nanoparticle in Two Forms (19879Au GNPs and 99mTc-GNPs) for Lung Cancer Antiproliferative Induction and Intralesional Imaging: A Proof of Concept

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200529113818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 1648-1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongwei Xu ◽

Shengpan Jiang ◽

Jimin Wang ◽

Xuebing Li ◽

Tingwei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Au Nanoparticles ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Intralesional Injection ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Efficient Treatment

Background: Lung cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide, responsible for 13% of all new cancer cases. Also, it is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. In this scenario, an effective and efficient treatment is required. Objective: Production of two gold nanoparticles: 198Au and 99mTc-Au. The first one has been produced from irradiation of the 197Au in order to produce a beta-emitter gold nanoparticle for cancer therapy. The second one has been produced from the radiolabeling of gold nanoparticles with technetium 99 metastable in order to produce imaging nanoagent. Methods: The 198Au nanoparticles were produced by irradiation and identified by hyper-purity germanium (HPGe). They were then evaluated in vitro in order to confirm the behavior on cell proliferation of lung cancer cell lines by the MTT methodology using A549 cells. The 99mTc-Au nanoparticles were produced by directradiolabeling with 99mTc and evaluated in vivo as intralesional nanoagent. Results: The results showed that in both cases, all the nanoparticles have performed their duties with excellence. The 198Au nanoparticles were capable to kill lung cancer cells, while 99mTc-Au was capable to image the tumor after intralesional injection. In addition, 99mTc-Au nanoparticles were useful for biodistribution assay imaging, showing the main organs responsible for the nanoparticle uptake in healthy animals. Conclusion: Both gold nanoparticles showed to be a highly efficient nanoagent for both: therapy and diagnosing of lung cancer.

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Laser Curing of Gold Nanoparticle Inks

Heat Transfer, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/imece2003-41650 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaewon Chung ◽

Seunghwan Ko ◽

Nicole R. Bieri ◽

Costas P. Grigoropoulos ◽

Dimos Poulikakos

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Laser Beam ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Glass Substrate ◽

Processing Scheme ◽

Drop On Demand ◽

Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽

Laser Curing ◽

First Time ◽

Bulk Gold

The concept of effective laser curing of nanoparticle suspensions (NPS) with a laser beam is presented in this paper. A toluene solvent is employed as the carrier of gold nanoparticles possessing a lower melting temperature than that of bulk gold. Using a modified drop-on-demand jetting system, the gold nanoparticle suspended solution is printed on a glass substrate and cured with laser irradiation. The laser energy coupling to the nanoparticles in conjunction with thermocapillary effects and the evaporation of the solvent are critical to the quality of the electrically conductive gold microlines. By employing a intensity-modulated double laser beam processing scheme, to optimize the curing process, it is demonstrated for the first time, that the gold nanoparticles could be sintered on a glass substrate to form a gold line of resistivity close to that of bulk gold. This is a noticeable result, compared to recently published microconductor manufacturing with nanoparticle suspensions with oven [1] or low power single laser beam [2] curing reporting resistivities four to five times higher than that of bulk gold. As a consequence, in addition to their scientific value, the current results demonstrate the potential of laser printing for use in the microelectronics manufacturing for the first time. It was also shown that the morphology of the gold line could be modified by appropriate design of the shape of the processing laser beam.

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Light-responsible DNA hydrogel–gold nanoparticle assembly for synergistic cancer therapy

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c4tb01519c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 1537-1543 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jaejung Song ◽

Sekyu Hwang ◽

Kyuhyun Im ◽

Jaehyun Hur ◽

Jutaek Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Nanoparticle Assembly ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Combination Cancer Therapy ◽

Synergistic Combination ◽

Dna Hydrogel

A DNA hydrogel based delivery vehicle that combines assembled gold nanoparticles and Doxorubicins showed light-triggered and synergistic combination cancer therapy at the in vitro and in vivo levels.

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Effect of surface chemistry and morphology of gold nanoparticle on the structure and activity of common blood proteins

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c5nj03720d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 4879-4883 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Abhishek Chaudhary ◽

Syamantak Khan ◽

Abhishek Gupta ◽

Chayan Kanti Nandi

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Surface Chemistry ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Cell Cytotoxicity ◽

Blood Proteins ◽

Conformational Study ◽

Structure And Activity ◽

Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Effect Of Surface

In vitro cell cytotoxicity and conformational study of serum protein with anisotropic gold nanoparticles.

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Proof-of-Concept Study of Multifunctional Hybrid Nanoparticle System Combined with NIR Laser Irradiation for the Treatment of Melanoma

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11040511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Joana Lopes ◽

Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves ◽

Isabel V. Figueiredo ◽

Cecília M. P. Rodrigues ◽

Hugo Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Melanoma Cells ◽

Infrared Laser ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Nanoparticle System

The global impact of cancer emphasizes the importance of developing innovative, effective and minimally invasive therapies. In the context of superficial cancers, the development of a multifunctional nanoparticle-based system and its in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy characterization are, herein, proposed as a proof-of-concept. This multifunctional system consists of gold nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic and oleic acids, and functionalized with epidermal growth factor for greater specificity towards cutaneous melanoma cells. This nanoparticle system is activated by a near-infrared laser. The characterization of this nanoparticle system included several phases, with in vitro assays being firstly performed to assess the safety of gold nanoparticles without laser irradiation. Then, hairless immunocompromised mice were selected for a xenograft model upon inoculation of A375 human melanoma cells. Treatment with near-infrared laser irradiation for five minutes combined with in situ administration of the nanoparticles showed a tumor volume reduction of approximately 80% and, in some cases, led to the formation of several necrotic foci, observed histologically. No significant skin erythema at the irradiation zone was verified, nor other harmful effects on the excised organs. In conclusion, these assays suggest that this system is safe and shows promising results for the treatment of superficial melanoma.

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Metode Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) dan Recombinant Factor C (rFC) sebagai Alternatif Metode Pengujian Pirogen bagi Perusahaan Farmasi di Indonesia

Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana (MPI) ◽

10.24123/mpi.v3i2.2987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Andrea Santosa ◽

Ida Bagus Made Artadana ◽

Mariana Wahjudi

Keyword(s):

Monocyte Activation ◽

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ◽

Activation Test ◽

Factor C

Peningkatan kualitas produk industri farmasi mendorong tersedianya uji yang akurat dan efisien untuk mendeteksi adanya pirogen. Endotoksin merupakan salah satu dari pirogen yang umumnya ditemukan sebagai kontaminan pada produk obat. Hingga saat ini pengujian pirogen yang digunakan secara umum di Indonesia adalah metode Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT) dan Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL). Namun, kedua metode ini memiliki kekurangan yang hampir sama, yaitu penggunaan hewan hidup sebagai bahan uji. Untuk alasan ini, saat ini sedang dikembangkan metode in vitro yang lebih menguntungkan untuk uji pirogen, yaitu dengan Recombinant Factor C (rFC) dan Monocyte Activation Test (MAT). Tujuan dari review ini adalah memberikan pemaparan mengenai kelebihan dan kekurangan metode uji pirogen dan endotoksin yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, serta kajian penggunaan metode alternatif pada industri farmasi di Indonesia. Diharapkan dengan pemaparan dan kajian yang diberikan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan penggunaan metode uji pirogen dan endotoksin yang lebih efektif dan efisien.

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Gold nanoparticle loaded phytosomal systems: synthesis, characterization and in vitro investigations

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra05108d ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (65) ◽

pp. 34687-34695 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

B. Demir ◽

F. B. Barlas ◽

E. Guler ◽

P. Z. Gumus ◽

M. Can ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Liposomal Formulation ◽

Calendula Officinalis

A novel liposomal formulation was synthesized by encapsulating both gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) andCalendula officinalisextract as AuNP-phytosomes and AuNP-phytosomes were characterized and used atin vitroinvestigations.

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