Current Strategies and Future Perspective for the Effective Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha Sharma ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Arya K.R ◽  
Rubiya Khursheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Retinal Capillaries ◽  
Main Strategy

: Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications due to diabetes. DR will damage the retinal capillaries and block them, which causes the loss of vision. Different drugs and therapies are used for the treatment and prevention of the DR. The most commonly used treatment is laser technology and combination therapy, along with some drugs. But these drugs possess side effects in the form of cataract, glaucoma, and complete blindness of the eye. The main strategy to overcome In DR, medicines with minimum side effects or maximum therapeutic effects are used. This article emphasizes the current strategy used for the treatment of DR with allopathic as well as herbal drugs.

Tangeretin: a mechanistic review of its pharmacological and therapeutic effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi ◽  
Reza Mohammadinejad ◽  
Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTo date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, these drugs suffer from a variety of drawbacks including side effects and low efficacy. In response to this problem, researchers have focused on the plant-derived natural products due to their valuable biological activities and low side effects. Flavonoids consist of a wide range of naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in fruits and vegetables and demonstrate a number of pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Tangeretin (TGN) is a key member of flavonoids that is extensively found in citrus peels. It has different favorable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In the present review, we discuss the various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TGN and then, demonstrate how this naturally occurring compound affects signaling pathways to exert its impacts.

Methotrexate Therapy in Obstetricaĺ Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Tomescu ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu ◽  
Stelian Paris ◽  
Emin Cadar ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Methotrexate Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases

Our study is a rewiew of Methotrexate therapy in obstetrica? diseases such us: hydatidiform mole, and medical abortion. In the medical world, methotrexate is a citostatic drug used in neoplastic diseases. The clinical pharmacology data regarding methotrexate is presented, alongside route of administration and therapeutic effects in malignant disease, hydatiform mole, and medical abortion. The use of methotrexate in medical abortion and ectopic pregnancy is a great accomplishment, as it replaces a surgical intervention marred by characteristic side effects, with similar results.

Methotrexate Therapy in Obstetricaĺ Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Tomescu ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu ◽  
Stelian Paris ◽  
Emin Cadar ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Methotrexate Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases

Our study is a rewiew of Methotrexate therapy in obstetrica? diseases such us: hydatidiform mole, and medical abortion. In the medical world, methotrexate is a citostatic drug used in neoplastic diseases. The clinical pharmacology data regarding methotrexate is presented, alongside route of administration and therapeutic effects in malignant disease, hydatiform mole, and medical abortion. The use of methotrexate in medical abortion and ectopic pregnancy is a great accomplishment, as it replaces a surgical intervention marred by characteristic side effects, with similar results.

EFFECTS OF “HOE HOA TAN II” REMEDY IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERNAL HAEMORROHIDS GRADE I, II AND III

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Van Anh Nguyen ◽  
Van Nhan Le ◽  
Nguyen Nhu Phuong Phan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Radix Angelicae Sinensis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Citrus Deliciosa ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Angelicae Sinensis

Objectives: To investigate and evaluate the therapeutic effects of Hoe hoa tan II in the treatment of internal haemorroids grade I, II and III. Ingredients of the remedy include: Hoe Hoa (Styphonolonium japonicum), Chi xac (Fructus citri Aurantii), Hau phac (Magnolia offinalis), Tran bi (Citrus deliciosa Tenore), Thuong thuat (Atractylodes lancea), O mai (Armeniaca vulgaris Lamk), Cam thao (Clycyrrhiza uralensis), Duong quy (Radix Angelicae Sinensis). Subjects and methods: Randomised controlled study (RCT) has been conducted on 60 patients which were divided into two groups, i.e. the first 30 patient group were treated with Hoe hoa tan II remedy 20 g, and the second 30 patient group were treated with Daflon 500 mg in the course of 14 days. Results: Study showed that Hoe hoa tan II has helped improve symptoms of internal haemorroids grade I, II and III such as bleeding, anal exudation, pain, reducing the size of the haemorroid tissues. The remedy has been shown to have the most significant effect on relieving constipation which is typical in haemorroids. The study also revealed no unwanted effects caused by this formula. Conclusion: Hoe hoa tan II can be therapeutically used to treat internal haemorroids grade I, II and III without causing any serious side effects. Key words: Hoe hoa tan II, internal haemorroids grade I, II, III.

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Allium atroviolaceum on sperm quality in cyclophosphamide-treated mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Shahrani ◽  
Shirin Asgharian ◽  
Maryam Anjomshoa ◽  
Ayoob Rostamzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent that is extensively used in different chemotherapy regimens. Adverse effects on the reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis, are one of the most important side effects of this drug. It is medically essential to use complementary and alternative drugs. Herbal drugs have long been used as a complementary treatment. Our purpose was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. extract on spermatogenesis in CP-treated mice. Results CP affected a significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. Sperm count was significantly higher in the all extract groups than in the group of control (p<0.001) and CP group (p<0.001, p<0.01). Sperm motility was significantly greater in the extract (100 and 200mg/kg) groups than in the group of control (p<0.05 and <0.001). Sperm immotility and rotational movement were significantly higher in the CP group than in the CP+extract groups (p<0.001). The sperm viability was significantly greater in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). The number of headless sperm, sperm with initial tail, with coiled tail, and sperm with curved body, was significantly lower in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). Conclusion A. atroviolaceum extract treatment significantly improved CP-induced reproductive toxicity.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia by near infrared radiation induced immune cells activation and infiltration in breast tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Fatin Amira Wan Mohd Zawawi ◽  
M. H. Hibma ◽  
M. I. Salim ◽  
K. Jemon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the immune cells activation and infiltration, are limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the immune cells and molecules in breast tumors. Results from this study demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43 °C reduced tumor progression and significantly increased the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in cells proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion was observed in tumor of treated mice. Overall, results from this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable immune response against breast cancer.

EFFICACY OF COMBINED INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF BEVACIZUMAB AND TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-RESOLVING MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Haniyaa Mufti ◽  
Syed Tariq Qureshi ◽  
Birjees Hakak
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Vein Occlusion

Purpose: To study the effects of combined intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB) and triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in patients with non-resolving macular edema (ME) secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO). Methods: In a prospective observational study, 50 pseudophakic eyes of BRVO patients with non-resolving central macular edema who had received more than 3 doses of IVB previously were injected with combination therapy of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml IVB and 4 mg of IVTA and followed up for 6 months with best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP) and central macular thickness(CMT) Results: The mean BCVA was logMAR 0.75±0.25 at baseline and 0.65±0.15, 0.48±0.20, and 0.22±0.25 at 6weeks, 3 months and 6 months respectively. Mean CMT at baseline was 668.32±254.66 and 434.43±99.55, 243.22±58.92, and 220.83±42.60 at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months respectively. Baseline IOP measured was 16.5±3.1 mmHg which progressed to 19.6±3.4mmHg and 21.4±2.8mmHg at 6 weeks and 3 months respectively and decreased to 17.3±2.2 at 6 months. The most common adverse effect seen was increase in IOP in 24(48%)patients, out of which 3(6%) patients needed to start anti-glaucoma medication (AGM). 3(6%) patients had sub-conjunctival hemorrhage(SCH). Conclusion: The prolonged therapeutic effects of combination therapy leads to outstanding anatomical and visual outcome in non resolving ME due to BRVO, with fewer doses and thus fewer adverse effects.

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