Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Exosomes: Promising Therapeutics for Chronic Pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxuan Ren ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Kehan Zhang ◽  
Lina Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Chronic pain is a common condition that seriously affects the quality of human life with variable etiology and complicated symptoms; people who suffer from chronic pain may experience anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other harmful emotions. Currently, chronic pain treatments are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids; these drugs are demonstrated to be insufficient and cause severe side effects. Therefore, research into new therapeutic strategies for chronic pain is a top priority. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been demonstrated to be a potent alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cell, exhibit multi-directional differentiation, promotion of stem cell implantation, and immune regulation; they have also been shown to exert analgesic effects in several chronic pain models. Exosomes produced by MSCs have been demonstrated to relieve painful symptoms with fewer side effects. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic use of MSCs in various chronic pain studies. We also discuss ways to enhance the treatment effect of MSCs. We predict in the future, cell-free therapies for chronic pain will develop from exosomes secreted by MSCs.

Cancer treatment evolution from traditional methods to stem cells and gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua He ◽  
Qingxuan Li ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Dingyue Ju ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Background: Cancer, a malignant tumor, is caused by the failure of the mechanism that controls cell growth and proliferation. Late clinical symptoms often manifest as lumps, pain, ulcers, and bleeding. Systemic symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, and loss of appetite. It is a major disease that threatens human life and health. How to treat cancer is a long-standing problem that needs to be overcome in the history of medicine. Discussion: In the text, we systematically review the cancer treatment evolution from traditional methods to novel approaches that include immunotherapy, nanotherapy, stem cell theapy, and gene therapy. We provide the latest review of the application status, clinical trials and development prospects of mesenchymal stem cells and gene therapy for cancer, as well as their integration in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells are effective carriers carrying genes and provide new clinical ideas for tumor treatment. Conclusion: This review focuses on the current status, application prospects and challenges of mesenchymal stem cell combined gene therapy for cancer, and provides new ideas for clinical research.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cartilage Defects of the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098681
Author(s):  
Monketh Jaibaji ◽  
Rawan Jaibaji ◽  
Andrea Volpin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Osteochondral Defects

Background: Osteochondral lesions are a common clinical problem and their management has been historically challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and thus restore hyaline cartilage to the defect, theoretically improving clincal outcomes in these patients. They can also be harvested with minimal donor site morbidity. Purpose: To assess the clinical and functional outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell implantation to treat isolated osteochondral defects of the knee. A secondary purpose is to assess the quality of the current available evidence as well as the radiological and histological outcomes. We also reviewed the cellular preparation and operative techniques for implantation. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of 4 databases was carried out: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed. We searched for clinical studies reporting the outcomes on a minimum of 5 patients with at least 12 months of follow-up. Clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes were recorded. We also recorded demographics, stem cell source, culture technique, and operative technique. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the modified Coleman methodology score, and risk of bias for the randomized controlled studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Seventeen studies were found, encompassing 367 patients. The mean patient age was 35.1 years. Bone marrow was the most common source of stem cells utilized. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy consistently demonstrated good short- to medium-term outcomes in the studies reviewed with no serious adverse events being recorded. There was significant heterogeneity in cell harvesting and preparation as well as in the reporting of outcomes. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated a clinically relevant improvement in outcomes in patients with osteochondral defects of the knee. More research is needed to establish an optimal treatment protocol, long-term outcomes, and superiority over other therapies. Registration: CRD42020179391 (PROSPERO).

scholarly journals Synergy of molecularly mobile polyrotaxane surfaces with endothelial cell co-culture for mesenchymal stem cell mineralization

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 18685-18692
Author(s):  
Hiroki Masuda ◽  
Yoshinori Arisaka ◽  
Masahiro Hakariya ◽  
Takanori Iwata ◽  
Tetsuya Yoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mobility ◽  
Culture System

Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces promoted mineralization in a co-culture system of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Pu ◽  
Siyang Ma ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Tiankai Xu ◽  
Pengyu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Insight Into

Radiation-induced damage is a common occurrence in cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. In this setting, radiation-induced damage can be refractory because the regeneration responses of injured tissues or organs are not well stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells have become ideal candidates for managing radiation-induced damage. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have a similar effect on repairing tissue damage mainly because these exosomes carry various bioactive substances, such as miRNAs, proteins and lipids, which can affect immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and cell survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair radiation damage have not been fully elucidated, we intend to translate their biological features into a radiation damage model and aim to provide new insight into the management of radiation damage.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Hypoxic Environment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Sevil Özer ◽  
H. Seda Vatansever ◽  
Feyzan Özdal-Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are used to repair hypoxic or ischemic tissue. After hypoxic the level of ATP is decreases, cellular functions do not continue and apoptosis or necrosis occur. Apoptosis is a progress of programmed cell death that occurs in normal or pathological conditions. In this study, we were investigated the hypoxic effect on apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cell. Bone marrow-derived stem cells were cultured in hypoxic (1% or 3%) or normoxic conditions 24, 96 well plates for 36 h. Cell viability was shown by MTT assay on 36 h. After fixation of cells with 4% paraformaldehyde, distributions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax with indirect immunoperoxidase technique, apoptotic cells with TUNEL assay were investigated. All staining results were evaluated using H-score analyses method with ANOVA, statistically. As a result, hypoxic condition was toxic for human mesenchymal stem cells and the number of death cell was higher in that than normoxic condition.

scholarly journals Nuclear Export of Smads by RanBP3L Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfang Chen ◽  
Xia Lin ◽  
Pinglong Xu ◽  
Zhengmao Zhang ◽  
Yanzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play vital roles in regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation. BMPs can induce osteogenesis and inhibit myogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical BMP signaling is stringently controlled through reversible phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 (Smad1/5/8). However, how the nuclear export of Smad1/5/8 is regulated remains unclear. Here we report that the Ran-binding protein RanBP3L acts as a nuclear export factor for Smad1/5/8. RanBP3L directly recognizes dephosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and mediates their nuclear export in a Ran-dependent manner. Increased expression of RanBP3L blocks BMP-induced osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and promotes myogenic induction of C2C12 mouse myoblasts, whereas depletion of RanBP3L expression enhances BMP-dependent stem cell differentiation activity and transcriptional responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RanBP3L, as a nuclear exporter for BMP-specific Smads, plays a critical role in terminating BMP signaling and regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cords as a Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Maslova ◽  
N. S. Shuvalova ◽  
O. M. Sukhorada ◽  
S. M. Zhukova ◽  
O. G. Deryabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue ◽  
Umbilical Cords

The object of the paper is to show the heterogeneity of 300 cord samples processed in the current research. The differences in effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation are shown. Moreover, the recommendations for choosing the method of MSC isolation depending on the value of stromal-vascular rate are given. The data can be useful for selecting the optimal conditions to obtain MSC and for further cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissue.

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