scholarly journals Proposals for Mental Health in Italy at the End of the Nineteenth Century: between Utopia and Anticipating the “Basaglia Law”

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bongiorno
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Lunatic Asylums

The present work refers to the debate which took place in Italy in the final years of the nineteenth century in relation to mental health and lunatic asylums, from which emerged various innovative proposals for avoiding compulsory confinement in numerous cases. Some of them became part of new legislative regulations regarding asylums, but most were excluded. Today, a new historical interpretation allows us to grasp a connection between Law 180, dated 1978 and known as the “Basaglia Law” from the name of its promoter, and alternative proposals to asylum custody omitted from the 1904 law.

Aboriginal Australian mental health during the first 100 years of colonization, 1788–1888: a historical review of nineteenth-century documents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110532
Author(s):  
Toby Raeburn ◽  
Kayla Sale ◽  
Paul Saunders ◽  
Aunty Kerrie Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Lunatic Asylums ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Past histories charting interactions between British healthcare and Aboriginal Australians have tended to be dominated by broad histological themes such as invasion and colonization. While such descriptions have been vital to modernization and truth telling in Australian historical discourse, this paper investigates the nineteenth century through the modern cultural lens of mental health. We reviewed primary documents, including colonial diaries, church sermons, newspaper articles, medical and burial records, letters, government documents, conference speeches and anthropological journals. Findings revealed six overlapping fields which applied British ideas about mental health to Aboriginal Australians during the nineteenth century. They included military invasion, religion, law, psychological systems, lunatic asylums, and anthropology.

Some Classical Economists, Laissez Faire, and the Factory Acts

1952 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd R. Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laissez Faire

Until very recently scholars have been able to solve certain problems of historical interpretation to their own and presumably to their reader's satisfaction by merely uttering the magic words, “laissez faire.” Thus, much of what was done and most of what was not done, some of what was good and practically all of what was evil in nineteenth-century England and America have been accounted for by a facile reference to laissez faire. During the past few years, however, several studies have cast much doubt on the validity of this catchall interpretation. Laissez faire, it seems now, is a principle more easily imposed upon nineteenth-century data than found there; and in successive investigations supposed instances of this principle have dropped away one by one.

scholarly journals CAPS UERJ como dispositivo-acontecimento: rupturas e (des)continuidades no processo de trabalho em saúde mental | CAPS UERJ as device-event: ruptures and (dis) continuities in the work process in mental health

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilanza Micas Coe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Political Model ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Como modelo micropolítico da atenção psicossocial, cartografamos o CAPS UERJ como acontecimento, recorte evidenciado pelas narrativas dos sujeitos implicados com as suas emergências. O recurso genealógico, criado por Nietzsche ao final do século XIX e desdobrado por Michel Foucault no século seguinte, forneceu pistas para demonstrarmos as aproximações da pesquisa ao movimento de ruptura com o Hospital Dia Ricardo Montalban, representado pelo modelo psiquiátrico hospitalocêntrico medicalizador, para a emergência do CAPS UERJ e seu alinhamento com a estratégia da atenção psicossocial. Contudo, a tentativa de tradução da processualidade desse movimento evidencia rupturas, capturas e (des)continuidades do dispositivo-acontecimento pelo analisador supervisão clínico-institucional.Palavras-chaves: Reforma Psiquiátrica; Estratégia da Atenção Psicossocial, Dispositivo-Acontecimento.  Abstract —We map the CAPS UERJ as a micro-political model of psychosocial care event cutting evidenced by the narratives of subjects involved into their emergencies. The genealogy resource created by Nietzsche in the late nineteenth century and deployed by the Michel Foucault in the next century, provided clues to demonstrate research approached from the rupture movement with the Ricardo Montalban Day Hospital which is represented by the psychiatric hospital centric-medicalization model from CAPS UERJ’s emergency and its alignment with the psychosocial care strategy. However, the attempt to translate the processuality of this movement reveals catches and (dis) continuity of the device event by clinical-institutional supervision analyzer.Keywords: Psychiatric reform; Psychosocial care strategy; Device-events; CAPS UERJ.  

scholarly journals Sexual abuse by superintending staff in the nineteenth-century lunatic asylum: medical practice, complaint and risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2096729
Author(s):  
Cara Dobbing ◽  
Alannah Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Specialization ◽  
Medical Careers ◽  
The Press

The nineteenth century witnessed a great shift in how insanity was regarded and treated. Well documented is the emergence of psychiatry as a medical specialization and the role of lunatic asylums in the West. Unclear are the relationships between the heads of institutions and the individuals treated within them. This article uses two cases at either end of the nineteenth century to demonstrate sexual misdemeanours in sites of mental health care, and particularly how they were dealt with, both legally and in the press. They illustrate issues around cultures of complaint and the consequences of these for medical careers. Far from being representative, they highlight the need for further research into the doctor–patient relationship within asylums, and what happened when the boundaries were blurred.

The Psychological Aftereffects of Racialized Sexual Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy McDaniels-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
The Mind

This chapter examines the psychological after effects of racialized sexual violence. Although few formal nineteenth-century records of mental illness, mental instability, or depression exist, written and oral slave narratives recount how “the entire life of the slave was hedged about with rules and regulations.” Samuel Cartwright, a well-known physician in the antebellum South, had a psychiatric explanation for runaway slaves, diagnosing them in 1851 as suffering from “drapetomania.” Classified as “a disease of the mind,” Cartwright defined drapetomania as a treatable and preventable condition that caused “negroes to run away.” Cartwright's published work established the foundation for “racism's historic impact” on black mental health. Indeed, Cartwright's pseudo-science, a potent mix of religion, pro-slavery politics, and medicine, forged a powerful connection between mental illness and race continued by subsequent generations of physicians and psychologists.

Middle Nineteenth-Century Crinoid Studies Of Thomas Austin, Sr. And Thomas Austin, Jr.: Newly Discovered Unpublished Materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ausich ◽  
George Sevastopulo ◽  
Hugh Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broad Outline

Thomas Austin, Sr. (1794-1881) and to a lesser extent his son Thomas Austin, Jr. (1817-before 1881) are recognized as important early students of both Carboniferous and Jurassic crinoids. However, the extent of their understanding of crinoids was not appreciated until the recent discovery of unpublished materials of Austin, Sr., including a manuscript dated 1855, plates indicating the intended continuation of their never finished 1843-1849 systematic monograph, and photographs of fossil crinoids.Within at most three and one-half decades after Johann Samuel Miller (1779-1830) first named the class Crinoidea in 1821, Austin, Sr. accurately summarized the broad outline of crinoid evolutionary history. Furthermore, Austin had a post-natural-historical interpretation of fossil crinoids. Fossil crinoids were not just ancient organisms to be described and classified, but Austin tried to interpret the biology of these fossils. Furthermore, he considered questions of taphonomy, functional morphology, paleoecology, processes controlling evolutionary trends, and crinoid deposits—still topics of interest to paleobiologists 150 years later; and he also discussed crinoid "evolution" and extinction. Other discussion is present on the history of crinoid studies from a middle-1800's perspective and on the superstitious and medicinal uses of crinoid fossils.But fain Saint Hilda's nuns would learn If, on a rock by Lindisfarne, Saint Cuthbert sits, and toils to frame The sea-born beads that bear his name: Such tales had Whitby's fishers told, And said they might his shape behold, And hear his anvil sound; A deaden'd clang,-a huge dim form Seen but, and heard, when gathering storm And night were closing round. But this, as tale of idle fame, The nuns of Lindisfarne disclaim.

scholarly journals Images of the Toronto Provincial Asylum, 1846-1890

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-50
Author(s):  
Nathan Flis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
High Cure ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Early Century ◽  
Cure Rates

Abstract Built in 1850, the Toronto Provincial Asylum was once the largest mental hospitals in Canada. The main building was demolished in 1975, and the property is now home to the Queen Street branch of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Although there are remnants of the nineteenth-century institution, including most of the perimeter wall, the only lasting visual reminder of the property as a whole is a small group of images. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, perhaps in order to ease public concern over the increasingly custodial function of the institution, Victorian media sources repeatedly presented an unchanging or immutable depiction of the Toronto Asylum. Drawing upon the architectural concept drawings of the 1840s, which contained an ideal vision for the building, pictures from the 1870s, 80s and 90s depict the asylum as the new, clean, and proud-looking structure it was when it opened. Arguably, these images are what the Victorian public wanted to see: they preserved the early-century optimism that such institutions would yield high cure rates and they supported the view that the care of the mentally ill belonged in the hands of the medical profession.

Madwomen and Attics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Talairach-Vielmas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wilkie Collins ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Braddon ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
Moral Insanity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lunatic Asylums

The chapter examines the evolution of the figure of the madwoman in Gothic narratives, focusing particularly on representations of emotions and on the ways in which definitions of madness evolved in the nineteenth century, from ‘passion’ to ‘moral insanity’ and ‘hystero-catalepsy’. Recognising that locking madwomen up has always been one of the most significant features of Gothic fiction, their imprisonment putting an end to deviance and thus maintaining the status quo, it also charts the changes in madwomen’s places of confinement - coffins and deadhouses more and more replacing attics in Victorian narratives that then capitalised on fears of premature interment. In the second half of the nineteenth century, such images of madwomen locked up in attics were revisited, as madness and ‘badness’ became the object of medical investigation and as research into mental physiology attempted to probe the mysteries of brain mechanisms. Sensation novelists such as Wilkie Collins and Mary Elizabeth Braddon rewrote the clichés of the genre, finding their sources of inspiration in real-life cases and denouncing the wrongful incarceration of women in lunatic asylums

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