The Occurrence of Nosocomial Pathogens on Cell Phones of Healthcare Workers in an Iranian Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khashei ◽  
Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
Maysa Ghayem ◽  
Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens

Background:Cell phones have become one of the necessary means of life and they are commonly used almost everywhere by every population. Colonized microorganisms on cell phones can be easily cross-transmitted. Given the widespread prevalence of nosocomial infections, this study aimed to determine the frequency of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in cell phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital, from southwest of Iran.:In this cross-sectional study conducted between April and June 2016, sampling were performed from cell phones of 25 nurses and 75 medical students.Methods:Samples were collected from each cell phone by a moistened cotton swap dipped in normal saline prior and after decontamination with available alcohol-based handrubs. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional microbiologic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method.:The contamination rates of cell phones prior and after disinfection were 88% and 52%, respectively. Ninety-nine (71.2%) out of 139 isolated distinct bacterial colonies prior to cleaning were potentially nosocomial pathogens. Of them, staphylococci (88.9%) were the most prevalent bacteria, in which 40.9% were methicillin-resistant isolates. The majority of Gram-positive and - negative isolates were susceptible to the tested antimicrobials. Totally, contamination rate of cell phones was significantly reduced after decontamination. Regular disinfection of the hands and cell phones was significantly associated with reduction of colonization of the methicillin-resistant isolates.Result & Conclusion:These findings emphasize the restricted use of cell phones and encourage the higher compliance with hygienic practices in hospitals to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections.

Distribution of MR-CoNS in the clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Sonu S. Ahirwar ◽  
Prabhat Jatav ◽  
Kirti Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vitek 2

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) associated infection is a growing concern in healthcare settings now a day. MR-CoNS are the main infectious agents of the hospital acquired infection. Clinical staffs to patients transmission of resistant strains have caused a rapid increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in recent years. Growing rate of antimicrobial resistant against available antibiotics of MR-CoNS is a developing problem in low income or lower middle income counties. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence MR-CoNS isolated from different clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital. This prospective study conducted in clinical staffs, nasal swab were collected from all the participants. Screening of CoNS were done on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical tests, identification and AST analysis done by VITEK-2 automated system. Methicillin resistance pattern was checked by VITEK-2 and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guideline. A total of 129 nasal swab samples were collected from clinical staffs, of which n=81 isolates (85.6%) were CoNS. Among n=81 CoNS, (48.12%) , (41.97%) , (7.4%) and (2.4%) were reported. Out of n=81 CoNS isolates, n=26 were conformed as MR-CoNS. Maximum methicillin resistance were reported in 53.48% (14/26), 42.30% (11/26), 3.84% (1/26) and 0% (0/26). Theoccurrence rate of MR-CoNS are higher (20.6%) in the healthcare workers and most of the methicillin resistant-CoNS isolates shows high level of resistance against widely used antibiotics but all the isolates susceptible against vancomycin.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Sarkar ◽  
Jagadananda Jena ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Bandana Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF CHROM AGAR MEDIUM AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nilima R Patil
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Conventional Methods

Background:- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hospital and community acquired infections. There are many laboratory methods for detection of MRSA. Chromogenic media have been used for the last few years for the quick detection of MRSA. Objective:- Aim of this study was to compare the performance of   conventional methods and chromogenic media for the detection of MRSA in a tertiary care hospital. Material and method: - 200 consecutive isolates of S. aureus confirmed by conventional methods, collected in a tertiary care hospital were used for this study. Cefoxitin and oxacillin disc diffusion test used as conventional methods and Chromogenic media i.e. oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) was used for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All confirmed MRSA were checked by gold standard mecA base PCR method. Result: - Out of 200 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 50,52 and 47 strains were MRSA by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin disc diffusion method and oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB)  method respectively. Specificity was 100%, 98.66%, 98.66% by Cefoxitin disc diffusion, oxacillin disc diffusion and ORSAB method respectively. Conclusion: - In conclusion, cefoxitin disc diffusion was the best for the phenotypic detection of MRSA because their sensitivity and specificity were better than oxacillin and ORSAB.

Staphylococcus aureusColonization Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1404-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia P. Johnston ◽  
Amy K. Stokes ◽  
Tracy Ross ◽  
Mian Cai ◽  
Karen C. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

We describe the epidemiology ofStaphylococcus aureuscolonization among 200 healthcare workers. The prevalence ofS. aureuswas 28%, and the prevalence of methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) was 2%. The incidence of MRSA colonization was extremely low. This study suggests that the risk of MRSA transmission to healthcare workers is low in a hospital where MRSA is endemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk factors and Antibiogram analysis of Nosocomial Infection in Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadoon Khan ◽  
Israr Ahmad ◽  
Nosheen Basharat ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Asma Sadiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract BackgroundNosocomial infections are a global health problem, affecting 1.4 million people in treatment centers, responsible for 80,000 estimated annual deaths. The current study aimed to assess the factor influencing nosocomial infections and to choose the best antibiotic for its treatment through culture analysis.MethodologyThe current study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Rawalpindi. A total of 120 patients with at least one nosocomial episode were included. Blood, urine, and wound swab sample were collected for hematology, biochemistry, electrolyte, and microbial analysis. Multivariate regression analysis through SPSS (ver. 16.0) were done, p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of culture-confirmed nosocomial infection was 25%, among which age groups (P = 0.00, 95% CI, − .382-.271) were significantly correlated. Hematological analysis shows that 73.3% have lymphopenia (P = 0.00, 95% CI .567-1.175), 73.3% have Neutrocytosis (P = 0.00, 95% CI .553-1.122) and anemia (26.7%) (P = 0.002, 95% CI .097-.404) were statistically significant. Raised level of ALT (60%), Bilirubin (26.7%) and ALP (13.3%) among liver functional tests (P = 0.68, 95% CI .686- .280) found insignificant however abnormal level of urea (33.3%) and creatinine (46.7%) (P = 0.00, 95% CI -1.227-.392) were significantly correlated with nosocomial infections. Electrolytes profile shows that Hypernatremia (26.7%) (P = 0.000, 95% CI-.491–.227) were strongly correlated. Culture analysis isolated six bacterial agents, comprising 83.3%:16.6% ratio of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates. Klebsiella pneumonia was frequently isolated gram-negative, while Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the only gram-positive isolate collected. Urinary tract infection (UTI) (36.6%) was frequently found, followed by bloodstream infection (26.6%) (BSI). The majority of the gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Imipenem while resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and linezolid antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was found sensitive against Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole while resistant towards linezolid, Imipenem, and Cefotaxime.ConclusionThe current study revealed that nosocomial infection is still prevalent in our hospital environment and the leading cause of drug resistance and dysfunctions of various factors like WBCs, LFTs, RFTs, electrolytes, coagulation factors and anemia, which can lead to morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening in healthcare workers: should a new protocol be introduced?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Sahil Gurjar ◽  
Namami Mathur ◽  
Sulochana R. Jadhavar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Infection Control

Background: In recent times, emerging resistance to majority of antibiotic classes seen in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates is of concern in hospital-acquired infection. MRSA carriage by healthcare workers (HCWs) has been documented to be as high as 50% in some studies. Higher carrier rate increases the risk of developing active infection as well as transmission of infection to the patients. The study aims to establish a relationship between MRSA carrier rate and healthcare workers of a tertiary care hospital in Pune and understand the need for screening regimens, based on the outcome.Methods: A cross-sectional study including health care workers from a tertiary care hospital working in different clinical departments was carried out. Data was collected by taking samples of nasal swabs of 115 HCWs and inoculated immediately on blood agar. Culture plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and colonies were tested by routine diagnostic techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested using cefoxitin discs on Mueller Hinton medium.Results: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus carriage was reported in 19 out of 115 (16.52%) healthcare workers, of which 63.2% were MRSA and 36.8% were MSSA. Prevalence of MRSA among Orthopaedic surgeons and General surgeons showed a carrier rate of 25% and 18.2% respectively. Nurses had a prevalence rate of 0.39 %. Overall prevalence of MRSA carriage in healthcare workers was reported to be 10.4%Conclusions: MRSA carriage among HCWs at the hospital is considerably high. The high prevalence of MRSA carriage emphasizes the need for stringent hospital infection control and regular screening regimen of HCWs.

scholarly journals Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqib Saeed ◽  
Fatima Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Khadeja Iqbal ◽  
Kashif Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-associated infections are one of the major threats to public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern as well as the genetic characterization of methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. The S. aureus isolates were isolated from different clinical samples, identified by biochemical testing, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing via the disc diffusion method or broth microdilution method. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and vancomycin resistance gene (vanA) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The S. aureus isolates showed high incidences of resistance against methicillin (76%) and moderate incidences of resistance to vancomycin (14%). Isolates were also resistant to several other drugs, such as cefoxitin (76%), ertapenem (83%), ampicillin (81%), tobramycin (78%), moxifloxacin (76%), and tetracycline (74%). An encouraging finding was that 98% of isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, indicating its possible role in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and VRSA, as well as the multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 33.3% of tested isolates (10/30), while the vanA gene was also detected in 30% (9/30) of the tested isolates. In conclusion, the frequent presence of methicillin and vancomycin resistance in S. aureus appraises the cautious use of these antibiotics in clinical practices. Furthermore, it is suggested that there should be continuous monitoring of tigecycline treatments in clinical setups in order to delay the development of resistance against it.

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