A Retrospective Cohort Study of Histology-proven Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Italian Area of Udine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Annarita Tullio ◽  
Elda Kara ◽  
Claudia Cipri ◽  
Silvia M. Sciannimanico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Individual Patient Level ◽  
North East

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of histology-proven Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in an Italian area. Background: NENs are a rare and poorly known disease and the global incidence and prevalence appears to be increasing over the past decades. Objective: The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence and trends of NENs in a 250,000-inhabitant area in the North-East of Italy in the 1998-2018 period and to compare them with international data. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was based on the analysis of anonymous health administrative databases, linked with each other at the individual patient level through an anonymous stochastic key. NENs were identified from the anatomical pathology database. The standardized incidence rate (2010ESP and US2000) ± 95% CI per 100,000 were calculated, both annually and globally for the whole period. Incidence was also calculated for specific anatomical sites and by sex. Trends for the considered periods and sites were summarized through the annual percent change (APC) and average increase (cases per 100,000 per year). Results: In the 1998-2018 period, the standardized incidence rate of NENs in the area of Udine was 2.49 (APC 3.33). 162 cases were observed (51.2% males). Differences in incidence and trend were observed between sexes. Our results were consistent with those reported in other countries, confirming a significant and steady increase in NENs incidence in the last twenty years. Conclusions: This study provides new epidemiological data on NENs in Italy. The observed sex differences deserve further investigations.

scholarly journals Increased Standardised Incidence Ratio of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Taiwanese Asbestos Workers: A 29-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Ying Chang ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective. This paper aimed to determine the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in workers exposed to asbestos in Taiwan.Methods. All workers employed in asbestos-related factories and registered by the Bureau of Labour Insurance between 1 March, 1950, and 31 December, 1989, were included in the study and were followed from 1 January, 1980, through 31 December, 2009. Incident cases of all cancers, including MPM (ICD-9 code: 163), were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. SIRs were calculated based on comparison with the incidence rate of the general population of Taiwan and adjusted for age, calendar period, sex, and duration of employment.Results. The highest SIR of MPM was found for male workers first employed before 1979, with a time since first employment more than 30 years (SIR 4.52, 95% CI: 2.25–8.09). After consideration of duration of employment, the SIR for male MPM was 5.78 (95% CI: 1.19–16.89) for the workers employed for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.Conclusions. This study corroborates the association between occupational asbestos exposure and MPM. The highest risk of MPM was found among male asbestos workers employed before 1979 and working for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.

scholarly journals Outcomes following feeding gastrostomy (FG) insertion in patients with learning disability: a retrospective cohort study using the health improvement network (THIN) database

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Harvey ◽  
Tom Thomas ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Neeraj Bhala ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Health Improvement Network

ObjectivesTo measure the rates of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and mortality following feeding gastrostomy (FG) placement in patients with learning disability (LD). Following this to compare these rates between those having LRTI prior to FG placement and those with no recent LRTI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe study population included patients with LD undergoing FG placement in the ‘The Health Improvement Network’ database. Patients with LRTI in the year prior (LYP) to their FG placement were compared with patients without a history of LRTI in the year prior (non-LYP) to FG placement. FG placement and LD were identified using Read codes previously developed by an expert panel.Main outcome measuresIncidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing LRTI and mortality following FG, comparing patients with LRTI in the year prior to FG placement to patients without a history of LRTI.Results214 patients with LD had a FG inserted including 743.4 person years follow-up. 53.7% were males and the median age was 27.6 (IQR 19.6 to 38.6) years. 27.1% were in the LYP patients. 18.7% had a LRTI in the year following FG, with an estimated incidence rate of 254 per 1000-person years. Over the study period the incidence rate of LRTI in LYP patients was 369 per 1000-person years, in non-LYP patients this was 91 per 1000-person years (adjusted IRR 4.21 (95% CI 2.68 to 6.63) p<0.001). 27.1% of patients died during study follow-up. Incidence rate of death was 80 and 45 per 1000-person year for LYP and non-LYP patients, respectively (adjusted IRR 1.80 (1.00 to 3.23) p=0.05).ConclusionIn LD patients, no clinically meaningful reduction in LRTI incidence was observed following FG placement. Mortality and LRTI were higher in patients with at least one LRTI in the year preceding FG placement, compared with those without a preceding LRTI.

scholarly journals Suicide in Canadian veterans living in Ontario: a retrospective cohort study linking routinely collected data

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027343
Author(s):  
Alyson L Mahar ◽  
Alice B Aiken ◽  
Marlo Whitehead ◽  
Homer Tien ◽  
Heidi Cramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Similar Risk

ObjectivesTo compare the risk of death by suicide in male veterans with age-matched civilians.DesignRetrospective cohort study linking provincial administrative databases between 1990 and 2013 with follow-up complete until death or December 31, 2015.SettingPopulation-based study in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsEx-serving Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police veterans living in Ontario who registered for provincial health insurance were included. A civilian comparator group was matched 4:1 on age and sex.Main outcomeDeath by suicide was classified using standard cause of death diagnosis codes from a provincial registry of mandatory data collected from death certificates. Fine and Gray sub-distribution hazards regression compared the risk of death by suicide between veterans and civilians. Analyses were adjusted for age, residential region, income, rurality and major physical comorbidities.Results20 397 male veterans released to Ontario between 1990 and 2013 and 81 559 age–sex matched civilians were included. 4.2% of veterans died during the study time frame, compared with 6.5% of the civilian cohort. Death by suicide was rare in both cohorts, accounting for 4.6% and 3.6% of veteran and civilian deaths, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, veterans had an 18% lower risk of dying from causes other than suicide (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.89) and a similar risk of dying by suicide (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.43), compared with civilians.ConclusionsDeaths by suicide were rare in male veterans residing in Ontario. Our findings demonstrate that veterans had a similar risk of suicide-related mortality as an age-matched civilian population. A better understanding of effective suicide prevention as well as clarifying pathways to seeking and receiving mental health supports and services are important areas for future consideration.

scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among HIV-positive adults in northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Yigzaw Birhanu ◽  
Cheru Tesema Leshargie ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Fasil Wagnew ◽  
Melkamu Siferih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Loss To Follow Up

Abstract Background Despite the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy services, ‘loss to follow-up’ is a significant public health concern globally. Loss to follow-up of individuals from ART has a countless negative impact on the treatment outcomes. There is, however, limited information about the incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up in our study area. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult HIV patients on ART. Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using 484 HIV patients between January 30, 2008, and January 26, 2018, at Debre Markos Referral Hospital. All eligible HIV patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were entered into Epi-data Version 4.2 and analyzed using STATATM Version 14.0 software. The Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard estimator was used to estimate the hazard rate of loss to follow-up, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival curve between different categorical variables. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were fitted to identify predictors of LTFU. Results Among a cohort of 484 HIV patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, 84 (17.36%) were loss their ART follow-up. The overall incidence rate of loss to follow-up was 3.7 (95% CI 3.0, 5.0) per 100 adult-years. The total LTFU free time of the participants was 2294.8 person-years. In multivariable Cox-regression analysis, WHO stage IV (AHR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2, 6.2), having no cell phone (AHR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1, 3.4), and rural residence (AHR 0.6; 95% CI 0.37, 0.99) were significant predictors of loss to follow-up. Conclusion The incidence of loss to ART follow-up in this study was low. Having no cell phone and WHO clinical stage IV were causative predictors, and rural residence was the only protective factor of loss to follow-up. Therefore, available intervention modalities should be strengthened to mitigate loss to follow-up by addressing the identified risk factors.

scholarly journals Simultaneous temporal trends in dementia incidence and prevalence, 2005–2013: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Saskatchewan, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Kosteniuk ◽  
Debra G. Morgan ◽  
Megan E. O'Connell ◽  
Andrew Kirk ◽  
Margaret Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackground:Original studies published over the last decade regarding time trends in dementia report mixed results. The aims of the present study were to use linked administrative health data for the province of Saskatchewan for the period 2005/2006 to 2012/2013 to: (1) examine simultaneous temporal trends in annual age- and sex-specific dementia incidence and prevalence among individuals aged 45 and older, and (2) stratify the changes in incidence over time by database of identification.Methods:Using a population-based retrospective cohort study design, data were extracted from seven provincial administrative health databases linked by a unique anonymized identification number. Individuals 45 years and older at first identification of dementia between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2013 were included, based on case definition criteria met within any one of four administrative health databases (hospital, physician, prescription drug, and long-term care).Results:Between 2005/2006 and 2012/2013, the 12-month age-standardized incidence rate of dementia declined significantly by 11.07% and the 12-month age-standardized prevalence increased significantly by 30.54%. The number of incident cases decreased from 3,389 to 3,270 and the number of prevalent cases increased from 8,795 to 13,012. Incidence rate reductions were observed in every database of identification.Conclusions:We observed a simultaneous trend of decreasing incidence and increasing prevalence of dementia over a relatively short 8-year time period from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013. These trends indicate that the average survival time of dementia is lengthening. Continued observation of these time trends is warranted given the short study period.

scholarly journals Effect of socio-demographic factors on the association between multimorbidity and healthcare costs: a population-based, retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kednapa Thavorn ◽  
Colleen J Maxwell ◽  
Andrea Gruneir ◽  
Susan E Bronskill ◽  
YuQing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

ObjectivesTo estimate the attributable costs of multimorbidity and assess whether the association between the level of multimorbidity and health system costs varies by socio-demographic factors in young (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults living in Ontario, Canada.DesignA population-based, retrospective cohort studySettingThe province of Ontario, CanadaParticipants6 639 089 Ontarians who were diagnosed with at least one of 16 selected medical conditions on 1 April 2009.Main outcome measuresFrom the perspective of the publicly funded healthcare system, total annual healthcare costs were derived from linked provincial health administrative databases using a person-level costing method. We used generalised linear models to examine the association between the level of multimorbidity and healthcare costs and the extent to which socio-demographic variables modified this association.ResultsAttributable total costs of multimorbidity ranged from C$377 to C$2073 for young individuals and C$1026 to C$3831 for older adults. The association between the degree of multimorbidity and healthcare costs was significantly modified by age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) and neighbourhood income (p<0.001) in both age groups, and the positive association between healthcare costs and levels of multimorbidity was statistically stronger for older than younger adults. For individuals aged 65 years or younger, the increase in healthcare costs was more gradual in women than in their male counterparts, however, for those aged 65 years or older, the increase in healthcare costs was significantly greater among women than men. Lastly, we also observed that the positive association between the level of multimorbidity and healthcare costs was significantly greater at higher levels of marginalisation.ConclusionSocio-demographic factors are important effect modifiers of the relationship between multimorbidity and healthcare costs and should therefore be considered in any discussion of the implementation of healthcare policies and the organisation of healthcare services aimed at controlling healthcare costs associated with multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Spectrum of prenatally diagnosed neural tube defects at a tertiary referral hospital in North India: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010
Author(s):  
Nisha Malik ◽  
Savita Rani Singhal ◽  
Smiti Nanda ◽  
Daya Sirohiwal ◽  
Pushpa Dahiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Public Awareness

Background: Neural tube defects, although largely preventable, constitute an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to identify incidence rate, demographic profile, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes of women with prenatally diagnosed NTDs.Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the case records of all antenatal women admitted in labour ward of Pt. B.D Sharma postgraduate institute of medical sciences, Rohtak, India with the prenatal diagnosis of NTDs on ultrasound from August 2018 to January 2020. The sociodemographic details, risk factors, obstetric history and pregnancy outcomes were noted. The mean, standard deviation and range values were calculated for normally distributed data. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage values.Results: From a total of 21,187 births, 90 had neural tube defects, making an incidence rate of 4.3 per 1000 births. Out of the 86 included cases of NTDs, 46.5% (n=40) had anencephaly, 45.3% (n=39) spina bifida, 5.8% (n=5) encephalocele and 2.3% (n=2) had mixed defects. Majority (69.7%, n=60) of the women were multigravida with a mean age of 24.9±4.2 years. Preconceptional folic acid intake was found in merely 2.3% (n=2) cases and during first trimester of pregnancy in 39.5% (n=40) cases. About 61.6% (n=53) cases who presented at ≤20 weeks gestation underwent pregnancy termination while 38.3% (n=33) had vaginal delivery, of which majority (90.7%) were still births.Conclusions: NTDs are one of the commonest preventable congenital anomalies. Ensuring periconceptional folate supplementation to women-either by food fortification, dietary modification and public awareness is urgently required.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers in Kuwait: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Q Alali ◽  
Lamiaa A Ali ◽  
Mohammad AlSeaidan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Infection Prevalence

Background: The COVID–19 BNT162b2 vaccination rollout in Kuwait started on 24 December 2020 followed by ChAdOx1 on 3 February 2021. The study objectives were to assess the factors associated with vaccine coverage and determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARSCoV2 infection in a healthcare worker (HCW) population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among HCW working at a public secondary hospital in Kuwait. The follow–up period was from 24 December 2020 to 15 June 2021. The primary outcomes were vaccine coverage and PCR–confirmed SARS–CoV–2 infection for the VE analysis. Data on new SARS–CoV–2 infections (with or without symptoms) during study period in addition to HCWs characteristics (sex, age, nationality, and occupation) were extracted from the hospital records. The vaccine coverage and PCR confirmed SARS–CoV–2 infections were cross–tabulated by the HCWs characteristics. Furthermore, we used Cox regression to estimate time to infection hazard ratios in vaccinated (first and second dose) compared to unvaccinated HCWs. Only one ChAdOx1 dose was given during the study period. Results: There were 3246 HCWs included in the analysis. The median age was 38 years (IQR = 33 – 44), 63.4% were females, 46.8% aged 31 – 40, and 82.3% were non-Kuwaitis. Overall, 82.1% of HCWs received at least one vaccine dose (50.4% received only one dose of ChAdOx1, 3.3% received one dose of BNT162b2, and 28.3% received two doses of BNT162b2). 17.9% of HCWs remained unvaccinated by the end of the study. A significantly lower vaccination coverage percentage was amongst female HCWs, younger age group (20 – 30 years old), and administrative/executive staff. Symptomatic SARS–CoV–2 PCR confirmed infection prevalence was 7.3%. No asymptomatic infections were reported. The SARS–CoV–2 infection incidence rate was 126 per 100,000 person–days in the unvaccinated group; the incidence rates in partially vaccinated groups (≥ 28 days after ChAdOx1 first dose) and (≥ 14 days after receiving BNT162b2 through receipt of second dose) were 31.4 and 10.9 per 100,000 person–days, respectively. In the fully vaccinated group (≥ 14 days after BNT162b2 second dose), the incidence rate was 6.3 per 100,000 person–days. The estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness of fully vaccinated was 94.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 89.4%–97.2%). The VE of partially vaccinated for ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 was 75.4% (95% CI = 67.2%–81.6%) and 91.4% (95% CI = 65.1% – 97.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Both BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines prevented most symptomatic infections in this population across age groups, nationalities, and occupations. A significant proportion (17.9%) of HCWs were unvaccinated despite the vaccine accessibility. The findings complement other VE studies and demonstrate the vaccine benefit for HCWs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document