scholarly journals Ni(II) and Cd(II) Simple and Competitive Adsorption on Activated Carbon Oxidized. Influence of the Oxidant Agents HO and NaClO

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Sánchez ◽  
Paola Rodríguez-Estupiñan ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

In this study, granular activated carbon, GAC, was modified by oxidation with HO and NaClO aqueous solutions and heat treatment at 900°C. The N adsorption isotherms at − 196°C and SEM and FTIR results were used to characterize the properties of the prepared ACs. Textural parameters such as BET surface area and pore volumes were assessed by gas adsorption. The BET surface area values of solids were between 687 and 876 m2g-1. Additionally, immersion enthalpies of activated carbons in benzene, water, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions and Ni(II) and Cd(II) solutions of 500 mgL were determined, with values between 32 and 145 Jg-1. Ni(II) and Cd(II) adsorption isotherms were determined at pH 6 on activated carbons and competitive adsorption tests were realized between the two ions. The results show that in the tests carried out, the adsorption capacity decreased when the content of chemical groups on the surface also decreased. Finally, the experimental results of adsorption from the solution were adjusted to the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the first model was found to be better. With maximum adsorption capacities, the values for Ni(II) were between 3.99 and 64.9 mgg-1 and for Cd(II) were between 2.61 and 55.2 mgg-1. The values of the competitive adsorption ions present in the solution, Ni(II) and Cd(II), in the activated carbons, decreased compared to those obtained in the simple adsorption, indicating the effect of the an ion competitive presence in adsorption another.

scholarly journals Waste phenolic resin derived activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation and application to dye wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhai Hu ◽  
Song Cheng ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Dye Wastewater

Abstract The waste phenolic resin was utilized as the raw material to prepare activated carbon (AC) used KOH as the activating agent via microwave heating. The phenolic resin was carbonized at 500°C and then performed with a KOH/Char ratio of 4 and microwave power of 700 W for a duration of 15 min. The physic-chemical characteristics of the AC were characterized by N2 adsorption instrument, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The BET surface area and pore volume of AC were found to be 4269 m2/g and 2.396 ml/g, respectively. The activation process to generate such a phenomenally high surface area of the AC has little reported in open literatures and could pave way for preparation adsorbents that are far superior to the currently marketed adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) was used as the model to assess its suitability to dye wastewater treatment. Towards this, the MB adsorption isotherms were conducted at three different temperatures and tested with different adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption isotherms could be modeled using Langmuir isotherm. While the kinetics could be used the pseudo-second order kinetics to describe. Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, as well as an endothermic.

A comparison of different activated carbon performances on catalytic ozonation of a model azo reactive dye

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ş. Gül ◽  
O. Eren ◽  
Ş. Kır ◽  
Y. Önal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pore Properties

The objective of this study is to compare the performances of catalytic ozonation processes of two activated carbons prepared from olive stone (ACOS) and apricot stone (ACAS) with commercial ones (granular activated carbon-GAC and powder activated carbon-PAC) in degradation of reactive azo dye (Reactive Red 195). The optimum conditions (solution pH and amount of catalyst) were investigated by using absorbencies at 532, 220 and 280 nm wavelengths. Pore properties of the activated carbon (AC) such as BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameter were characterized by N2 adsorption. The highest BET surface area carbon (1,275 m2/g) was obtained from ACOS with a particle size of 2.29 nm. After 2 min of catalytic ozonation, decolorization performances of ACOS and ACAS (90.4 and 91.3%, respectively) were better than that of GAC and PAC (84.6 and 81.2%, respectively). Experimental results showed that production of porous ACs with high surface area from olive and apricot stones is feasible in Turkey.

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

scholarly journals Carbonization Temperature Effect over Activated Carbon Porosity Derived from Industrial Processing Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Hasan Sayğılı
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing

The influence of carbonization temperature (CT) on pore properties of the prepared activated carbon using lentil processing waste product (LWP) impregnated with potassium carbonate was studied. Activated carbons (ACs) were obtained by impregnation with 3:1 ratio (w/w) K2CO3/LWP under different carbonization temperatures at 600, 700, 800 and 900 oC for 1h. Activation at low temperature represented that micropores were developed first and then mesoporosity developed, enhanced up to 800 oC and then started to decrease due to possible shrinking of pores. The optimum temperature for LWP was found to be around 800 oC on the basis of total pore volume and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The optimum LWPAC sample was found with a CT of 800 oC, which gives the highest BET surface area and pore volume of 1875 m2/g and 0.995 cm3/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

scholarly journals Surface Modification and Characterization of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon Subjected to Acidic and Alkaline Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan I. A. W. ◽  
Abdullah M. O. ◽  
Lim L. L. P. ◽  
Yeo T. H. C.
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Textural Characterization

Activated carbon derived from agricultural biomass has been increasingly recognized as a multifunctional material for various applications according to its physicochemical characteristics. The application of activated carbon in adsorption process mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure which is greatly influenced by the treatment method. This study aims to compare the textural characteristics, surface chemistry and surface morphology of coconut shell-based activated carbon modified using chemical surface treatments with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The untreated and treated activated carbons were characterized for their physical and chemical properties including the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and textural characterization. The FTIR spectra displayed bands confirming the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the untreated activated carbon was 436 m2/g whereas the surface area of the activated carbon modified using 1M NaOH, 1M HCl and 2M HCl was 346, 525 and 372 m2/g, respectively. SEM micrographs showed that many large pores in a honeycomb shape were clearly found on the surface of 1M HCl sample. The pore structure of the activated carbon treated with 2M HCl and NaOH was partially destroyed or enlarged, which decreased the BET surface area. The modification of the coconut shell-based activated carbon with acidic and alkaline treatments has successfully altered the surface functional groups, surface morphology and textural properties of the activated carbon which could improve its adsorptive selectivity on a certain adsorbate.

Preparation of Capacitor’s Electrode from Coconut Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1585-1589
Author(s):  
Arenst Andreas Arie ◽  
Joong Kee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Bet Analysis

Activated carbons were prepared from coconut shell by chemical activation method and utilized as electrode materials for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). A preliminary characteristic of activated carbon from coconut shell includes the Brunnaeur Emmett Teller (BET) analysis and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The BET surface area is not affected by the variation of activation temperature as both of the samples showed BET surface area of about 850-870 m2g-1. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms showed that the sample exhibited type I characteristics according to IUPAC classification, which confirms its micro-porosity. Compared with the un-activated carbon samples, the activated ones exhibited the better electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 150 F g−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The good performance of activated carbon is attributed to the enhancement of surface area due to the KOH pretreatment which can open new pores accessible for the ionic transport

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Poplar Sawdust by Chemical Activation: Comparison of Different Activating Agents and Carbonization Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ateş ◽  
Öznur Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Activated carbons were prepared from poplar sawdust by chemical activation using ZnCl2, H3PO4 or KOH. The influence of activating agents, carbonization temperatures ranging from 500 ºC to 800 ºC, and mass ratio of chemical agent to precursor (1:1 and 2:1) on the porosity of activated carbons were studied. The properties of the carbons were characterized by adsorption/desorption of nitrogen to determine the BET areas, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was determined that the surface morphology and textural characteristics of activated carbons vary depending on the carbonization temperature or chemical agent. Maximum surface areas were obtained at carbonization temperatures of 500, 700 and 800 ºC for H3PO4, KOH and ZnCl2 activation, respectively. The activated carbons prepared using ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation had a higher BET surface area (nearly 1100 m2/g) than that of the KOH activation (761 m2/g). This study also presents a comparison of mechanisms of activating agents and carbonization temperature. As a result of the experimental studies, positive results were obtained, and the production of activated carbon with a high surface area was conducted. 

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide activation of the plane tree seeds derived bio-char: Kinetic properties and application

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 3807-3821
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dodevski ◽  
Bojan Jankovic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Milan Kragovic ◽  
Ivana Radovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Plane Tree ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Tree Seeds

Goal of this work is to establish technical feasibility and fundamentals of producing activated carbon from plane tree seeds biomass for porous materials derivation. Bio-chars produced via carbonization from plane tree seeds precursor were activated in CO2 at 750 and 850?C, during various residence times. Their surface area and porosity were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K. Surface areas of activated carbons can be correlated with kinetics mechanism and activation energy magnitudes of oxidation reaction by CO2, which are closely related to applied activation temperature. Result showed that high temperature activated carbon had higher gas adsorption as compared to activated carbon obtained from lower temperature during two-hour residence time. Breakthrough behavior was detected at 850?C where surface reactions dominate, and it is characterized by autocatalytic kinetic model under designed conditions. Both, temperature and CO2 concentration in vicinity of solid surface effect on breakthrough time of adsorbent. Derived bio-chars are converted into high quality activated carbons, with surface area of 776.55 m2/g, where micro-pores with pore diameters less than 2 nm prevail. Produced activated carbons have properties comparable with commercially available activated carbons, which can be successfully used for removal of harmful gaseous pollutants toward air purification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document