Influence of Removable Denture Cleaning Agents on Adhesion of Oral Pathogenic Microflora In Vitro: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-664
Author(s):  
I.R. Volchkova ◽  
A.V. Yumashev ◽  
V.V. Borisov ◽  
V.I. Doroshina ◽  
E.A. Kristal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Removable Dental Prostheses ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adhesion Index ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Removable dentures are used by 20% of the population. These may be accompanied by denture stomatitis in 15-70% of patients. The choice of the optimal cleansing agent for removable dental prostheses is of high significance. Aim: The aim of our research was to study the influence of removable denture cleansing products on the adhesion of microorganisms and yeast. Materials and Methods: We manufactured 144 specimens of standardized round shape with a diameter of 10 mm from 4 types of modern polymeric materials used by prosthetic dentistry to produce removable dentures, 12 specimens of each material were placed into suspensions of bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, then into “ClearaSept” (Test group 1), “Рrotefix active cleanser” (Test group 2), saline solution (Control group), followed by nutrient media. The adhesion index was calculated and analyzed. Results: There was no reliable lowering of adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus to all materials detected in Test group 1 (U=6, p>0.05 for Bio XS; U=8, p>0.05 for Dental D, Denotokeep Peek, Vertex Rapid Simplified). In Test group 2, the adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus reliably decreased to all materials compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). The adhesion index of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli to all materials in Test group 1 had a minor to moderate reliable reduction compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Test group 2 showed a significant reliable decrease in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli adhesion index to all materials in comparison with the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Conclusion: The research showed an unreliable or minor and moderate reliable decrease in microorganisms adhesion index depending on the microorganism species after treatment of denture material specimens by antibacterial soap “ClearaSept” and a reliable significant decrease in microbial and yeast adhesion after application of Protefix active cleaner solution, which demonstrates a more significant antimicrobial effect in comparison to “ClearaSept” against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardioprotective effect of Coleus forskohlii against Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farogh Ahsan ◽  
H. H. Siddiqui ◽  
Tarique Mahmood ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Ahmad Nayeem
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Coleus forskohlii is an important ancient root drug of Indian origin, commonly known as gander in indian ayurvedic system of medicine. A lot of research work has been done on Coleus forskohlii regarding various cardiovascular disorders but no work has been done to find out its cardioprotective activity. Wistar albino rats were divided into five main groups having 5 animal each: Group 1 termed as Normal control (NC) received 0.5ml of normal saline throughout experimental period and served as control. Group 2 termed as Isoprenaline group (ISO) received 0.5ml of normal saline for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 termed as Standard group (STD) received Metoprolol (pure) (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 4 termed as Test group 1 (TG 1) and Group 5 termed as Test group 2 (TG 2) received Coleus forskohlii (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours respectively. The experiment was terminated on 31st day and animal were sacrificed by cervical decapitation after an overnight fast. Blood was collected for estimation of biochemical parameter and heart was dissected out for grading, heart/weight ratio and histopathological examination.the the level of marker enzyme in serum as AST, ALT, LDH, CK, Troponin-I were significantly decreased (P 0.001) in rats pretreated with Coleus forskohlii when compared to that of group which received isoprenaline alone. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Coleus forskohlii pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Coleus forskohliil may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the myocardial necrosis associated ischemic heart disease.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of indocyanine green-hyaluronic acid mixture (LuminoMark™) for localization in patients with non-palpable breast lesions: a multi-center open-label parallel phase-2 clinical trial

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Kim ◽  
Hee Jun Choi ◽  
Jai Min Ryu ◽  
Se Kyung Lee ◽  
Jong Han Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Palpable Breast ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Increasing rates of breast cancer screening have been associated with an increasing frequency of non-palpable breast lesions detection. Preoperative breast lesion localization is essential for optimizing excision accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of indocyanine green (ICG) hyaluronic acid injection as a novel mixture for localization. Methods We performed a prospective clinical trial with female patients who underwent surgery for non-palpable breast lesions. All patients were sequentially assigned to the control group (localization with activated charcoal), Test Group 1 (ICG-hyaluronic acid mixture 0.1 mL), or Test Group 2 (ICG-hyaluronic acid mixture 0.2 mL) by 1:1:1 ratio. Results A total of 44 patients were eligible for this study (Control Group = 14, Test Group 1 = 15, Test Group 2 = 15 patients). Fibroadenoma (n = 17, 38.6%) accounted for the largest proportion of diagnoses, and five patients (11.4%) were diagnosed with malignancies. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics among the three groups. The marking rate was over 86% in all groups, with no significant intergroup differences. Skin pigmentation was only observed in the control group. The mean accuracy of resection (the greatest diameter of the excised specimen divided by the greatest diameter of the preoperative lesion as observed using ultrasonography, with values closer to 1 reflecting a higher accuracy) was 3.7 in the control group, 2.2 in Test Group 1, and 2.1 in Test Group 2 (p = 0.037 between Controls and Test Group 1, p = 0.744 between Test Group 1 and Test Group 2, and p = 0.026 between Controls and Test Group 2). Conclusion ICG-hyaluronic acid injection is a novel method that was shown to accurately localize non-palpable breast lesions and was associated with no skin pigmentation. Further research is required to apply this method to malignant breast lesions. Trial registration “A Multicenter Open-label, Parallel, Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of LuminoMark™ Inj. (Conc. for Fluorescence) Localization in Patients with Non-palpable Breast Lesions” was prospectively registered as a trial (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT03743259, date of registration: May 29, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03743259)

scholarly journals Dissemination of bacteria labeled with technetium-99m after laparotomy and abdominal insufflation with different CO2 pressures on rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Bettini Pitombo ◽  
Clarice Abreu dos Santos Albuquerque de Faria ◽  
Luciana Camargo Bernardo ◽  
Klaus Steinbruck ◽  
Mario Bernardo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Bacterial Dissemination ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To asses the dissemination of bacteria labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) from peritoneal cavity after different surgical procedures. METHODS: Bacteria of the Escherichia coli species labeled with 99mTc were used in a concentration of 10(8) units of colony-makers for ml (UFC/ml) and 1ml was inoculated through intra-peritoneal via. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups: control, laparotomy, pneumoperitoneum with 10mmHg and pneumoperitoneum with 20mmHg of CO2. Procedures were performed 20 min after injection of the inoculum and lasted 30 min. Animals were sacrificed after six hours (Group 1) and 24 hours (Group 2). Samples of blood, liver and spleen were collected for radioactivity counting. RESULTS: After six hours, indirect detection of the bacteria in different organs was uniform in all groups. After 24 hours, a larger detection of technetium was observed in the livers of animals of the group insufflated with 20mmHg of CO2, when compared with those of control group (p<0.01). The other groups did not present statistically significant variations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a higher intra-abdominal pressure was associated with a higher bacterial dissemination to the liver. The application of lower intra-abdominal pressures may be associated with a lower dissemination of the infectious status during laparoscopic approach of peritonitis status.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Holarrhena floribunda on the Lipid Profile and Sex Hormones in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dennis, Amaechi ◽  
E. O. Udosen ◽  
V. S. Ekam ◽  
I. P. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of methanolic root extract of Holarrehna floribunda on the level of some serum sex hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and lipid profile in Wistar rats.   Materials and Methods: Twenty- four male and female Wistar rats (150-250 g body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control male) took normal rat chow and drinking water. Group 2 (control female) took normal rat chow and drinking water, Group 3(Male test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda extract, Group 4(Female test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda. The feeding regimens lasted for 5weeks. Results: The values for the lipid profile shows CHOL in Group 1 and Group 3 were 4.02±0.41 mmol/l  and 5.75±0.09 mmol/l, Group 2 and Group 4 were 3.87±0.22 mmol/l  and 5.80±0.10 mmol/l  respectively, TRIG  for Group 1 and Group 3 were 1.30±0.05 mmol/l  and 2.11±0.15 mmol/l  for Groups 2 and 4 were 1.15±0.03 mmol/l  and (2.10±0.12 mmol/l,HDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 30.01±0.82 mg/dL  and 39.88± 1.24mg/dL,for Groups 2 and 4 were 29.98± 0.77 mg/dL  and 38.20± 1.83 mg/dL, LDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 2.26±0.37 mmol/L  and 4.17±0.35 mmol/L respectively, for Groups 2 and 4 were 3.27±0.47 mmol/L  and 4.06±0.21 mmol/L  respectively, shows significant increase(p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3 and 4.The values obtained showed significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3and 4The serum concentrations of FSH, Estradiol, LH and progesterone in the control Group 2 were 0.38 ±0.07mIU/mL, 7.83±0.35 mIU/mL, 15.50±0.15 Pg/mL and 0.86±0.03 ng/mL respectively, and in test Group 4 were 0.77±0.04mIU/mL, 8.75±0.17 mIU/mL, 21.09±0.79 Pg/Ml 0.33±0.05 ng/mL. Follicle stimulating hormone levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) in test group compared with control. While in Group 1 and 3, the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in control Group 1 were (0.51 ±0.06) mIU/mL, (16.44±0.31) mIU/mL and (8.41±0.50) ng/mL respectively and in test Group 3 were 0.88±0.06 mIU/mL19.88±1.46mIU/mL and10.68±0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract improves the level of sex hormones in both the male and female rats.  which could enhance reproductive functions in normal rats and those with loss of reproductive function.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiolytic effect of furosemide in Albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Malvika Goyal ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Rahul H. Damodar
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Threshold Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric condition. Medications commonly given for treatment can elicit several central nervous system (CNS) side-effects that patients find difficult to tolerate. So there is a need for new pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat anxiety with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Hence this study has been taken up to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of furosemide at three different doses (75mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) in Albino rats.Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional animal ethical committee 30 Albino rats weighing about 150-200gm were taken and divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1: Normal Saline 10ml/kg (control); Group 2: Diazepam 2mg/kg (standard); Group 3: Furosemide 150mg/kg (test group 1); Group 4: Furosemide 200mg/kg (test group 2); Group 5: Furosemide 75mg/kg + Diazepam 1mg/kg (sub threshold dose). The anxiolytic activity of furosemide was tested by elevated plus maze and digital actophotometer models. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Posthoc Tukey’s test.Results: Furosemide (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) have shown significant increase in open arm entries (p<0.05) and time spent in open arm (p<0.05) compared to control. Also furosemide (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) have shown statistically significant decrease in locomotor activity (p<0.05) compared to control in actophotometer model. Potentiation of time spent and number of entries in open arm and decrease in locomotor activity were noticed when sub threshold doses of combination of diazepam and furosemide were used.Conclusions: These results suggest that furosemide possesses significant anxiolytic activity at both the doses. Furosemide given in sub threshold dose potentiates the antianxiety effect of sub threshold dose of diazepam when used in combination. Hence, after further studies, furosemide can be used as an anxiolytic drug.

scholarly journals Correlation between sagittal jaw position and jaw relationship in children with skeletal class III malocclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Zdenka Stojanovic ◽  
Zlata Brkic ◽  
Predrag Vucinic ◽  
Predrag Nikolic ◽  
Marjan Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Jaw Position ◽  
Group 1

Introduction/Objective. The evaluation of sagittal jaw relationship is crucial in orthodontic diagnostics, orthodontic treatment planning, and monitoring of its results. A large number of parameters have been established for their assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the correlation between the indicators of sagittal jaw relationship, ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg, and OJ, one with another, and with indicators of the sagittal position of the jaws, SNA and SNB, in children with skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods. A total of 100 children with mixed dentition, of both genders, based on the profile cephalometric analysis, were divided into two equal groups: group 1 (test group) ? children with skeletal class III (n = 50), group 2 (control group) ? children with skeletal class I (n = 50). Results. In children with skeletal class III malocclusion, significant correlations were found among the indicators of sagittal jaw relationships ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg, OJ, mutually, except between AOBO and AFBF. Significant correlations of these parameters were also found with the SNB angle, but not with the SNA angle. Conclusion. Confirmed significant correlation between tested indicators in the sagittal jaw relation indicates that, if we find skeletal jaw relationship class III, or just a simple reversed incisors overbite in children in routine application of any of the above mentioned parameters in everyday work, it should be indubitably checked and monitored using a larger number of parameters, especially those that define the sagittal position of the mandible.

scholarly journals Cranial flap fixation in sheep using a resorbable bone adhesive

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Foley ◽  
Eric J. Woodard ◽  
Jonathan R. Slotkin ◽  
Cassandra K. Mayotte ◽  
Abigail C. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Bone Flap ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Fixation Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Tissue ◽  
Flap Fixation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVEThe authors’ goal in this study was to investigate the use of a novel, bioresorbable, osteoconductive, wet-field mineral-organic bone adhesive composed of tetracalcium phosphate and phosphoserine (TTCP-PS) for cranial bone flap fixation and compare it with conventional low-profile titanium plates and self-drilling screws.METHODSAn ovine craniotomy surgical model was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TTCP-PS over 2 years. Bilateral cranial defects were created in 41 sheep and were replaced in their original position. The gaps (kerfs) were completely filled with TTCP-PS (T1 group), half-filled with TTCP-PS (T2 group), or left empty and the flaps fixated by plates and screws as a control (C group). At 12 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years following surgery, the extent of bone healing, local tissue effects, and remodeling of the TTCP-PS were analyzed using macroscopic observations and histopathological and histomorphometric analyses. Flap fixation strength was evaluated by biomechanical testing at 12 weeks and 1 year postoperatively.RESULTSNo adverse local tissue effects were observed in any group. At 12 weeks, the bone flap fixation strengths in test group 1 (1689 ± 574 N) and test group 2 (1611 ± 501 N) were both statistically greater (p = 0.01) than that in the control group (663 ± 385 N). From 12 weeks to 1 year, the bone flap fixation strengths increased significantly (p < 0.05) for all groups. At 1 year, the flap fixation strength in test group 1 (3240 ± 423 N) and test group 2 (3212 ± 662 N) were both statistically greater (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively) than that in the control group (2418 ± 1463 N); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the strengths when comparing the test groups at both timepoints. Test group 1 had the best overall performance based on histomorphometric evaluation and biomechanical testing. At 2 years postoperatively, the kerfs filled with TTCP-PS had histological evidence of osteoconduction and replacement of TTCP-PS by bone with nearly complete osteointegration.CONCLUSIONSTTCP-PS was demonstrated to be safe and effective for cranial flap fixation in an ovine model. In this study, the bioresorbable, osteoconductive bone adhesive appeared to have multiple advantages over standard plate-and-screw bone flap fixation, including biomechanical superiority, more complete and faster bony healing across the flap kerfs without fibrosis, and the minimization of bone flap and/or hardware migration and loosening. These properties of TTCP-PS may improve human cranial bone flap fixation and cranioplasty.

scholarly journals (A319) Using a Computer Simulation (CS) to Improve Training and Event Management of Paramedics for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s89-s90
Author(s):  
E. Jaffe ◽  
A. Dagan ◽  
E. Zahavi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Using a Computer Simulation (CS) to improve training and event management of paramedics for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI). Eli Jaffe, Avi Dagan, Eyal Zahavi, Einat Aviel, Bruria Adini. The Department of Emergency Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Magen David Adom (MDA) is the national emergency organization in Israel. Over the past few decades MDA personnel have been required to deal with MCIs involving large numbers of casualties. Recently, there have been fewer terrorist related MCIs, however, there is a continuing need for to maintain the knowledge and skills of paramedics to manage MCIs.ObjectiveTo examine performance of paramedics exposed to a CS compared to a control group exposed to a traditional lecture based learning experience.MethodAn interactive CS based on the MDA standard operating procedure for managing MCIs was developed. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received the lecture format, and Group 2 the CS. Both groups were given a pre-test (Group 1 average score 56.3, Group 2 average score 53.1), and two post-tests. One immediately following completion of the intervention, and a second a month after completion of the course.ResultsAverage scores for the CS Group (n = 15) was significantly different on the first post-test (Group 1 average score 53.2, Group 2 average score 68.7), by 30% and on the second (Group 1 average score 71.9, Group 2 average score 80.8) by 12% compared to the Lecture Group (N = 17) (P = < 0.00).ConclusionCS allow for the use of multiple media formats based on real events, and are able to replicate reality using real media material. MDA has recommended that continuing education interventions for emergency medical personnel for maintaining knowledge and skills required for the management of MCIs utilize a CS based training methods.

scholarly journals Superantigens of Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization in Atopic Dermatitis and Treatment Efficacy of Oral Cefuroxim in Vietnamese Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Tro Chau Van ◽  
Thang Nguyen Tat ◽  
Anh Tran Lan ◽  
Thuong Nguyen Van ◽  
Marco Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Betamethasone Dipropionate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, genetically determined inflammatory skin disorder. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Atopic skin is susceptible to infection with S. aureus. AIM: This study was aimed to compare the skin S. aureus colonisation status and its secretion of superantigens in adult AD and healthy subjects and to evaluate the efficacy of two treatment regimens (oral cefuroxime plus topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% versus topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) in AD patients. METHODS: A group of 128 AD and 40 healthy subjects were recruited in this study and treatment efficacy was assessed by the SCORAD score. RESULTS: S. aureus was found in skin lesions in 83.8% of AD patients while only 37.5% of healthy subjects possessed this kind of bacteria in the external nares (p < 0.001). Superantigen production was more common in S. aureus strains isolated from AD than the control group (58.6% versus 6.6%, p = 0.0006) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B was predominant (88.89%). 68 AD patients who had positive cultures with S. aureus were included in a clinical therapeutic trial. The isolated bacteria were all sensitive to cefuroxime. Patients were randomised to receive either oral cefuroxime 500 mg b.i.d. Plus topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% twice daily for 2 weeks (so-called group 1, 36 patients) or only topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% twice daily for 2 weeks (so-called group 2, 32 patients). The mean SCORAD scores of group 1 at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment were 44.61, 26.69 and 16.61, respectively. The corresponding values for group 2 were 43.03, 32.53 and 23.41, respectively. CONCLUSION: The reduction in SCORAD scores was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 in comparison to the baseline value of each study group (p = 0.003 after 1 week and p < 0.001 at the end of treatment).

scholarly journals Effect of Distraction Technique During Immunization to Reduce Behaviour Response Score (FLACC) to Pain in Toddlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Gedam ◽  
M Verma ◽  
U Patel ◽  
S Gedam
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Staff Nurse ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Distraction techniques are important non pharmacological tools to reduce pain in infants and children. Few data are available regarding their effectiveness in toddlers. We have assessed effectiveness of audio-visual distraction techniques in toddlers during and after vaccination. Materials and Methods: The study used a quasi experimental three group pretest post test design. For all the three groups, the injections were administered by same staff nurse. Group- 1 (120 Patient) was encouraged to see and play with light and sound producing toy. Group- 2 (120 Patient) children were encouraged to see cartoon movie and children of control group- 3 (110 patient) were immunized without any distraction technique. A question form was used to determine the infant’s characteristics and the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale was used to assess the level of pain. Data was collected between 1st April 2012 and 30th September 2012. Results: The mean pain score of test group during procedure (Group-1: 2.30 & Group-2: 3.65) were lower than the score of control group (Group-3: 5.30). Similarly after procedure Score (Group-1: 4.62 & Group-2: 2.79) were lower than the score of control group (Group-3: 6.20). Conclusion: The lower pain score in response to vaccination in test group indicates that distraction technique i.e. light & sound producing toys and cartoon movies are practical way to reduce pain during routine medical interventions in toddler. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7017 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):25-30

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