scholarly journals Patterns of Associations among Resilience, Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescents with Blindness

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Tsigie Genet ◽  
Raghavanpillai S. Kumar ◽  
Manakkattil M. Sulphey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Protective Resources ◽  
Present Context

Aims: Blindness is a bane to humanity globally, and living with blindness is a challenge to anyone – young or old, educated or uneducated, rich or poor. Many countries have high rates of blindness, and Ethiopia is one. The study aims to explore the level of resilience, the extent of risk, and protective factors operating upon blind adolescents in Addis Ababa. Background: Resilience can significantly impact the quality of life of humans. Risk-taking and protective factors found in one's environment are significant predictors of resilience, valid even for the blind. The study intends to explore the level of resilience, the extent of risk, and protective factors operating upon blind adolescents in Addis Ababa. Objectives: The objectives identified for the study are: • To assess the risk and protective factors operating upon Adolescents With Blindness (AWB) and establishing the pattern with which risk factors and protective resources relate to each other and predict resilience. • To investigate the way the type of onset of blindness and some selected demographic variables relate to resilience among AWB. Methods: Data for the study were collected randomly from 80 blind adolescents using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Risk Factors Scale Adolescent Form, and Protective Factors Scale-Adolescent Form. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results: Low levels of resilience, presence of higher risk factors and serious lack of protective resources existed among AWB. While risk factors were negatively correlated with resilience, protective factors correlated with resilience positively. The risks and protective resources found in various levels of the environment together accounted for 89.3% of the variance in resilience. Gender, time of onset of blindness, parental education and family income influenced resilience. Conclusion: This study presents an all-inclusive picture of the resilience status of AWB’s, the extent of risk and protective factors currently operating upon them under the present context of Addis Ababa. Adolescents having blindness currently living in Addis Ababa are less resilient. They are faced with umpteen risk factors at home, school, neighborhood, community and societal levels.

scholarly journals Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano ◽  
Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón ◽  
Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership

The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi ◽  
Rozmi Ismail ◽  
Fauziah Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Community Factors

Abstract Background Drug abuse is detrimental, and excessive drug usage is a worldwide problem. Drug usage typically begins during adolescence. Factors for drug abuse include a variety of protective and risk factors. Hence, this systematic review aimed to determine the risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents worldwide. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted for the review which utilized three main journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Tobacco addiction and alcohol abuse were excluded in this review. Retrieved citations were screened, and the data were extracted based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include the article being full text, published from the year 2016 until 2020 and provided via open access resource or subscribed to by the institution. Quality assessment was done using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) version 2018 to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis of the included studies was undertaken. Results Out of 425 articles identified, 22 quantitative articles and one qualitative article were included in the final review. Both the risk and protective factors obtained were categorized into three main domains: individual, family, and community factors. The individual risk factors identified were traits of high impulsivity; rebelliousness; emotional regulation impairment, low religious, pain catastrophic, homework completeness, total screen time and alexithymia; the experience of maltreatment or a negative upbringing; having psychiatric disorders such as conduct problems and major depressive disorder; previous e-cigarette exposure; behavioral addiction; low-perceived risk; high-perceived drug accessibility; and high-attitude to use synthetic drugs. The familial risk factors were prenatal maternal smoking; poor maternal psychological control; low parental education; negligence; poor supervision; uncontrolled pocket money; and the presence of substance-using family members. One community risk factor reported was having peers who abuse drugs. The protective factors determined were individual traits of optimism; a high level of mindfulness; having social phobia; having strong beliefs against substance abuse; the desire to maintain one’s health; high paternal awareness of drug abuse; school connectedness; structured activity and having strong religious beliefs. Conclusion The outcomes of this review suggest a complex interaction between a multitude of factors influencing adolescent drug abuse. Therefore, successful adolescent drug abuse prevention programs will require extensive work at all levels of domains.

Navigating the Turbulent Time: A Qualitative Inquiry into Resilience among Vietnamese ESL Teachers during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Trang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Protective Resources ◽  
Relational Resources

The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of the resilience process among Vietnamese ESL (English as the Second Language) university teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, this study investigated the interactions between risk factors and protective factors at both personal and contextual levels that shape teachers' resilience patterns. Fifteen teachers from different stages of teaching career participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews in qualitative research design, and the collected data were analyzed by means of a two-cycle analysis procedure. Findings of the study revealed two major risk factors, including turbulence and ambiguity and decreasing autonomous motivation. Despite this, teachers drew on three primary resources to adapt to the abrupt changes: positive imaginaries about the future, sense of professionalism, and relational resources. Analysis showed that these protective factors were located across personal level and microsystems; however, there were missing links for protective resources at institutional level, mesosystems, and macrosystems. Taking cognizance of this, the study emphasizes the role of transparent policies and school leadership in bolstering teachers’ resilience in adversities.

Focusing Our View of Dyslexia Through a Multifactorial Lens: A Commentary

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872093900
Author(s):  
Donald L. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Multifactorial Model ◽  
Special Series ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic

Multifactorial models of dyslexia have expanded how we consider heterogeneity within the population of children with dyslexia. These models are predicated on the idea that cognitive/linguistic risk factors are not deterministic but instead probabilistic, with the likelihood of difficulties involving an interaction between risk and protective factors that include both exogenous and endogenous influences. In this commentary a multifactorial model perspective is applied to examine, based on the six papers that make up the special series, the potential utility of such models to clarify issues of etiology, identification, and instruction of children with dyslexia. This approach seems to suggest that multifactorial models of dyslexia have potential to significantly expand our understanding of etiology with less immediate promise for identification and instruction.

A prospective analysis of youth violence in adolescents: influence of depression, personality, social environment and media violence

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Positive Effects

ObjectiveUnderstanding youth violence remains a pressing issue of social concern. Identifying key risk factors for youth violence may help guide prevention and intervention efforts.AimsTo examine the relative impact of varying social influences related to family, community, mental health, television and video games on youth violence in a multivariate format.Study designThe current study involved a one-year prospective study of multiple risk and protective factors for youth violence in a Hispanic-majority sample of early adolescents. Multiple regression was used to examine risk factors from a multivariate format.ResultsResults find that current depression level was the most significant risk factor for youth violence. The influence of depression was most pronounced in individuals with preexisting antisocial personality traits. Risk and protective factors related to schools, neighborhoods, family environment or video game or television violence use were not predictive of youth violence.ConclusionsPotentially, prevention efforts which focus on mental health issues may demonstrate the most positive effects. The degree of resources and rhetoric spent on other factors, particularly television and video game violence may conversely proove unhelpful in reducing youth violence.

scholarly journals Awareness of Dementia Risk Reduction Among Current and Future Healthcare Professionals: A Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke De Krom ◽  
Sangavi Sivananthan ◽  
Farah Alkhotany ◽  
Martijn Celen ◽  
Indy Ezra Hol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The total number of people affected by dementia worldwide is increasing rapidly. Recent studies provided evidence for the contribution of modifiable risk and protective factors to dementia risk. Although healthcare professionals could play an essential role in informing the general public about the relationship between lifestyle and dementia, it is unclear what they know about this relationship. Therefore, this study assesses the awareness of dementia risk reduction among current and future healthcare professionals. Methods: An online survey was carried out among 182 healthcare students from Maastricht University and 20 general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses in Limburg, The Netherlands. The survey assessed the knowledge about risk and protective factors of dementia and identified needs, wishes and barriers concerning dementia risk reduction strategies. Results: The majority of current (75.0%) and future (81.9%) healthcare professionals indicated that dementia risk reduction is possible. Among students, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors of dementia (e.g. coronary heart disease (44.5%), hypertension (53.8%)) was low. Most participants (>70.0%) would like to receive more information about dementia risk reduction. Conclusions: The majority of current and future healthcare professionals were aware of the relationship between lifestyle and dementia risk. However, there are still substantial gaps in knowledge regarding individual dementia risk factors. Given the essential role of healthcare professionals in providing lifestyle advice, there is a need to increase awareness by providing educational programs focused on dementia risk reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of untreated dental caries on school performance and social life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Ibrahim Amer ◽  
Walaa Yahia Alsehaim ◽  
Wissam Hussain Alabdalaal ◽  
Ohood Mohammad Alsemran ◽  
Osama Mohammad Mansori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries

Oral diseases are highly prevalent across the different countries globally, indicating that these conditions represent a significant challenge to the healthcare authorities. Moreover, like untreated dental caries, chronic diseases were linked with poor school performance and deteriorated quality of life. This current literature review aims to discuss the effect of untreated dental caries on school performance and social life. Our findings indicate the strong association between having untreated dental caries and reduced performance at school. We also found that these children usually suffer from deteriorated aspects of social life, being more prone to verbal bullying than other children without dental caries. Different factors were reported to affect the correlation between untreated dental caries and performance at school. For instance, socioeconomic status has a significant role in this association. Evidence also indicates the vital role of gender, family income, and parental education. These findings indicate the urgent need to draw proper interventional plans to reduce the risk of dental caries. Besides, healthcare authorities should plan for screening programs to detect children with untreated dental caries and provide adequate management of these conditions to enhance the quality of life and educational aspects. However, the findings are not consistent among the different investigations in the literature. Therefore, future studies are needed to validate the current evidence and enhance the outcomes.

scholarly journals Social-Ecological Predictors of Opioid Use Among Adolescents With Histories of Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Nichols ◽  
Jonathan A. Pedroza ◽  
Christopher M. Fleming ◽  
Kaitlin M. O’Brien ◽  
Emily E. Tanner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Social Ecological

Adolescent opioid misuse is a public health crisis, particularly among clinical populations of youth with substance misuse histories. Given the negative and often lethal consequences associated with opioid misuse among adolescents, it is essential to identify the risk and protective factors underlying early opioid misuse to inform targeted prevention efforts. Understanding the role of parental risk and protective factors is particularly paramount during the developmental stage of adolescence. Using a social-ecological framework, this study explored the associations between individual, peer, family, community, and school-level risk and protective factors and opioid use among adolescents with histories of substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, we explored the potential moderating role of poor parental monitoring in the associations between the aforementioned risk and protective factors and adolescent opioid use. Participants included 294 adolescents (Mage = 16 years; 45% female) who were recently discharged from substance use treatment, and their parents (n = 323). Results indicated that lifetime opioid use was significantly more likely among adolescents endorsing antisocial traits and those whose parents reported histories of substance abuse. Additionally, adolescents reporting more perceived availability of substances were significantly more likely to report lifetime opioid use compared to those reporting lower perceived availability of substances. Results did not indicate any significant moderation effects of parental monitoring on any associations between risk factors and lifetime opioid use. Findings generally did not support social-ecological indicators of opioid use in this high-risk population of adolescents, signaling that the social-ecological variables tested may not be salient risk factors among adolescents with SUD histories. We discuss these findings in terms of continuing care options for adolescents with SUD histories that target adolescents’ antisocial traits, perceived availability of substances, and parent histories of substance abuse, including practical implications for working with families of adolescents with SUD histories.

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