scholarly journals Assessment of the Efficiency of HP-Guar and hyaluronic Acid Tear Supplements to Control Tear Film Evaporation Rate in Dry Eye Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Ali Abusharha ◽  
Abdulrhman A. Shbear ◽  
Raied Fagehi ◽  
Mana A. Alanazi ◽  
Ali Alsaqr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Breakup Time

Background: The most common factor that could lead to dryness is the accelerated tear evaporation rate. Controlling the tear evaporation rate is increasingly used as a method to control dry eye complications. The present study explores the effects of different tear supplements formulations on tear film evaporation rate. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of Systane ULTRA and Artelac Advanced eye drops on the tear film evaporation rate. Methods: Fifteen male dry eye subjects were enrolled in the current study. Tear film parameters were observed at several time points post installation (10, 20, 30, and 60 min). The tear film parameters observed in the current study were tear evaporation rate, noninvasive breakup time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Two visits were required to conduct this study. One visit was conducted to assess the physiological tear film parameters with the use of Systane® ULTRA eye drop. The other visit was conducted to assess tear film parameters with the use of Artelac Advanced eye drop. Results: The mean tear evaporation rate at baseline was 52.58 ± 23.24 g/m2 h. A box plot of tear evaporation showed a reduction in tear film evaporation rate after instillation of Systane eye drop. A drop in tear film evaporation rate of 14% was observed at 20 and 60 min time point after instillation of Systane ULTRA eye drop. A significant increase in NITBUT was found after instillation of Systane ULTRA (P = 0.01) and Artelac Advanced (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The current study indicates a significant improvement in the tear film parameters using both HP-Guar and hyaluronic acid formulations. However, it was apparent that the use of HP-Guar was superior to hyaluronic acid in controlling the tear evaporation rate in dry eye subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of a formulated eye drop with Leptospermum spp honey on tear film properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Tan ◽  
Tianni Jia ◽  
Roslyn Liao ◽  
Fiona Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Corneal Staining

AimTo evaluate the effects of a proprietary formulated eye drop with Leptospermum spp honey versus a conventional lubricant eye drop on tear film properties in subjects with symptoms related to dry eye disease after 28 days of treatment.MethodsForty-six subjects with symptoms related to dry eye (Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score >12) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either the test formulated eye drop (Optimel by Melcare Biomedical Pty Ltd) or control eye drops (Alcon, USA) in this double-masked study. Inferior lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear film evaporation rate (TER), fluorescein tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining and subjective symptoms (OSDI and visual analogue scales (VAS)) were measured before and after 28 days of instilling the eye drops.ResultsForty-two subjects completed the study (21 subjects in each group). After 28 days of treatment, TER showed a significantly greater reduction with the formulated eye drop compared with the control (p=0.01). TBUT showed a slight but not statistically significant increase with the formulated eye drop compared with the control (p=0.06), and a significantly greater reduction (improvement) in OSDI scores was observed with the formulated eye drop compared with the control (p=0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups for inferior LLT, corneal staining and any of the VAS scores.ConclusionsThe formulated eye drops were effective in reducing tear film evaporation rate and were more effective for improving symptoms of dry eye compared with the control eye drops after 28 days of treatment.Trial registration numberNCT03622619.

scholarly journals Repeatability and Reproducibility of Tear Film Evaporation Rate Measurement using a new Closed-Chamber Evaporimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Ali A. Abusharha ◽  
Ali Al Yami ◽  
Khaled Alsreea ◽  
Raied Fagehi ◽  
Ali Alsaqr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: This study evaluates the repeatability and reproducibility of tear film evaporation rate measurement using a commercially available handheld closed-chamber evaporimeter (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Study Design: This was a randomized observational study, in which two visits were required. At visit 1, screening tests were performed on the participants. Subsequently, tear evaporation was measured thrice by examiner 1 (E1). The procedure was then repeated by examiner 2 (E2) at visit 2. Methods: 40 healthy participants with no ocular diseases were recruited for this study. A closed chamber evaporimeter was used in this study (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Primary investigations, including slit-lamp examination, tear production test, and ocular discomfort, were performed during the first visit for the purpose of screening. Results: The mean of the three measurements of tear evaporation obtained by examiner 1 at visit 1 was 19.38 ± 0.79 g/m2/h, and the mean of the three readings obtained by examiner 2 at visit 2 was 20.49 ± 0.48 g/m2/h. The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among the three readings of tear evaporation was 0.84 and 0.63 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at visits 1 and 2, respectively. A comparison of the reliability of the measurements from the two examiners revealed an ICC of 0.69 with a 95% CI. Conclusion: The VapoMeter provides repeatable and reproducible measurements of tear film evaporation. This study demonstrates that the VapoMeter could provide clinicians with a readily available method for rapid evaluation of tear film evaporation. By considering the significance of tear evaporation as a diagnostic tool for dry eyes, the VapoMeter may help to diagnose better and manage dry eye syndrome.

scholarly journals Ocular Surface Cooling Rate Associated With Tear Film Characteristics and the Maximum Interblink Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ding ◽  
Young Hyun Kim ◽  
Sarah M Yi ◽  
Andrew D Graham ◽  
Wing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Film Characteristics ◽  
Breakup Time

Abstract The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum inter-blink period (MIBP). In between blinks the tear film thins and evaporates from the ocular surface. Tear film evaporation can be measured with various instruments. Infrared thermography provides a non-invasive measure of the ocular surface temperature (OST). Due to evaporation, ocular surface cooling (OSC) generally occurs when the eyes are open and exposed to the environment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of OSC on the MIBP, and to investigate the association of the MIBP with tear film characteristics in subjects who do and do not exhibit OSC. The MIBP was measured simultaneously with OST over time. Non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear lipid layer thickness, and Schirmer I test strip wetted lengths were measured on a day prior to the thermography visit. Subjects were divided into cooling and non-cooling groups based on OSC rate, and demographic and tear film characteristics were tested for inter-group differences. A faster rate of OSC was associated with an exponentially shorter duration of the MIBP overall and within the cooling group alone. Faster non-invasive tear breakup time was significantly associated with a shorter MIBP in both groups. These results suggest that tear film evaporation initiates a pathway that results in the onset of ocular discomfort and the stimulus to blinking. The presence of a subset of subjects with no or minimal OSC who nevertheless have a short MIBP indicates that evaporative cooling is not the only mechanism responsible for the onset of ocular discomfort.

scholarly journals Rear 4-minute Schirmer Test, A Modified Indicator of Schirmer Test in Diagnosing Dry Eye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Yujie Mou ◽  
Jinjin Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Patient Evaluation ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Standard Patient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breakup Time

Abstract This study was desgined to find a reliable and convenient indicator (a modified Schirmer test) to improve the accuracy of assessing tear secretion and diagnosing dry eye. This is a prospective continuous study on 180 volunteers. Schirmer test I without anesthesia was performed once on both eyes to determine the value of normal Schirmer test. The values of tear secretion were recorded in each minute. Examined individuals also underwent other examinations: the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), fluorescein stain, tear film breakup time (BUT), and Meibomian gland (MG)grading. The participants were divided into two groups: dry eye (DE) groupand non-dry eye (ND) group. The mean age was 39.41±14.05 years in DE group and 37.62±13.17 in ND group. The value of 2-minute Schirmer test, rear 3-minute Schirmer test, rear 4-minute Schirmer test and 5-minute Schirmer test was 5.36±4.63, 5.57±2.11, 7.21±4.13 and 10.93±6.30 respectively in DE group. And these indicators was 8.25±6.80, 2.73±2.31, 7.36±3.42, 11.84±6.16 in ND group. The rear 4-minute ST has significant correlation with OSDI and SPEED in DE group (r =-0.242/-0.183) and in ND gruop(r =-0.316 /-0.373). Meanwhile, rear 4-minute ST had stronger connection with fBUT(r =0.159) and MG (r =-0.162) in DE gruop. And rear 4-minute ST also had higher accuracy in diagnosing severe dry eye and borderline dry eye.The rear 4-minute Schirmer test may be a supplement indicator in assessing tear secretion and diagnosing dry eye.

scholarly journals A Crosslinked HA-Based Hydrogel Ameliorates Dry Eye Symptoms in Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Williams ◽  
Brenda K. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Breakup Time

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly referred to as dry eye or KCS, can affect both humans and dogs. The standard of care in treating KCS typically includes daily administration of eye drops to either stimulate tear production or to hydrate and lubricate the corneal surface. Lubricating eye drops are often applied four to six times daily for the life of the patient. In order to reduce this dosing regimen yet still provides sufficient hydration and lubrication, we have developed a crosslinked hydrogel based on a modified, thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA), xCMHA-S. This xCMHA-S gel was found to have different viscosity and rheologic behavior than solutions of noncrosslinked HA. The gel was also able to increase tear breakup time in rabbits, indicating a stabilization of the tear film. Further, in a preliminary clinical study of dogs with KCS, the gel significantly reduced the symptoms associated with KCS within two weeks while only being applied twice daily. The reduction of symptoms combined with the low dosing regimen indicates that this gel may lead to both improved patient health and owner compliance in applying the treatment.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops for the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Yang ◽  
Won-Young Lee ◽  
Young-jin Kim ◽  
Yeon-pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly used for treating dry eye syndrome (DES). This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacies of HA- and non-HA-based eye drops, including saline and conventional artificial tears (ATs), for the treatment of dry eye disease. Eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DBpia, KoreaMed, KMBASE, RISS, KISS) were searched for studies comparing the efficacies of HA- and non-HA-based ATs in patients with DES published up to September 2020. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality and extracted the relevant data. The mean differences of Schirmer’s (SH) test scores, tear breakup times (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores (Oxford scale, 0–4), and ocular surface disease indexes were calculated. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random effect model. Nineteen studies, including 2078 cases, were included. HA eye drops significantly improved tear production compared with non-HA-based eye drops (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.33). In a subgroup analysis, the SH test scores and TBUT values after using HA significantly increased compared to those measured after using saline (SMD 0.27; 95% CI 0.05, 0.49 and SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.03, 0.52, respectively). Based on these results, HA eye drops may be superior to non-HA eye drops including normal saline and ATs. Further research is needed to assess the efficacies stratified by age, treatment duration, the severity of dry eye, and optimal dosages.

«Dry eye» syndrome and primary glaucoma: possibilities of treatment

Reflection ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
L.I. Solovyova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Gavrilova ◽  
F.G. Mugumova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Rupture Time ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Primary Glaucoma ◽  
The Stability

The article presents the results of Ocuhyl C using in the treatment of «dry eye syndrome» (DES) in 47 eyes of 26 patients with different stages of compensated primary open-angle glaucoma. Experience of instillation of hypotensive eye drops with preservatives was from 1 year to 35 years. Assessment of subjective signs of DES was performed by questioning. Functional tests were performed (for the stability of the precorneal tear film –Norn test, for the level of total tear production –Shirmer test). Examinations were carried out at the first examination before prescribing the drug, then after 4 and 8 weeks of its use. All the patients noted good tolerability of the drug, no side effects. Indicators characterizing the feeling of a foreign body, dryness and redness of the eyes have significantly decreased. Precorneal tear film rupture time has significantly increased. Ocuhyl C can be recommended for clinical use. Key words: primary glaucoma; “dry eye” syndrome; tear forming; tear film rupture time; Ocuhyl C.

scholarly journals Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽  
Gabriella Horvát ◽  
Barnabás Áron Szilágyi ◽  
Benjámin Gyarmati ◽  
András Szilágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Disulphide Bond Formation ◽  
Polymer Bearing

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle. Besides satisfying the basic requirements, the chemical structure of ThioPASP-DME is similar to those of ocular mucins as it is a protein-like polymer bearing a considerable number of thiol groups. The solution of the polymer is therefore able to mimic the physiological properties of the mucins and it can interact with the mucus layer via disulphide bond formation. The resultant mucoadhesion provides a prolonged residence time and ensures protective effect for the corneal/conjunctival epithelium. ThioPASP-DME also has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of the thiol groups. The applicability of ThioPASP-DME as a potential excipient in eye drops was determined by means of ocular compatibility tests and through examinations of the interactions with the mucosal surface. The results indicate that ThioPASP-DME can serve as a potential eye drop excipient for the therapy of dry eye disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of 0.05% cyclosporine and 3% diquafosol solution for dry eye patients: A randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Park ◽  
Hyung Keun Lee ◽  
Mee Kum Kim ◽  
Eun Chul Kim ◽  
Jae Yong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background This study is aim to compare the clinical effectiveness between the two most prominent dry eye disease (DED)-specific eye drops, 0.05% cyclosporine (CN) and 3% diquafosol (DQ). Methods This is a multi-centered, randomized, masked, prospective clinical study. A total of 227 eyes from 227 DED patients were randomly allocated to use CN twice per day or DQ six times daily. Cornea and conjunctival staining scores (NEI scale), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test scores, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were measured at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. Results At 12 weeks after treatment, NEI scaled scores were reduced from the baseline by -6.60 for CN and -6.63 for DQ group (P=0.9739 between groups). TBUT and Schirmer values for CN were significantly improved from the baseline at 4 and 12 weeks (P< 0.0001). However, for DQ, TBUT showed significant improvement at week 12 only (P=0.0281). Mean OSDI score differences from the baseline to 12 weeks were -13.03±19.63 in CN and -16.11±20.87 in DQ, respectively (P=0.854 between groups). Regarding drug compliance, the mean instillation frequency of CN was lesser than that of DQ (P<0.001). Conclusions The level of improvement regarding NEI, TBUT, and OSDI scores were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. However, with regards to the early improvement of TBUT and patient compliance, patients using CN improved faster and with greater adherence to drug usage than did those treated with DQ. Trial registration: KCT0002180, Registered 23 December 2016 (retrospectively registered)

Tear film evaluation by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy during retinal imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
Ilkay Kilic Muftuoglu ◽  
Maria Laura Gomez ◽  
Natalie Afshari ◽  
Dirk-Bartsch Uwe ◽  
Amit Meshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Reticular Pattern ◽  
Multicolor Imaging ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Purpose: Herein, we describe a novel finding which appears as a reticular pattern on multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy image during routine imaging of retina and we aim to show whether there is an association between this pattern and dry eye findings. Materials and methods: A total of 162 eyes of 81 patients that were scheduled for a routine retinal imaging by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy at a vitreoretinal practice underwent dry eye evaluation including corneal and conjunctival lissamine green staining, fluorescein staining, tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height measurement before acquiring any images. Then, multicolor images were taken and graded for the severity of reticular pattern. Results: Among 150 eyes of 81 patients with gradable multicolor imaging, 45 eyes (30%) had some reticular pattern on multicolor image. Severity of reticular pattern on multicolor imaging was significantly correlated with total lissamine score (rho = 0.378, p = 0.007) and tear meniscus height (rho = −0.408, p = 0.011). Furthermore, they were found to be the best set of predictors for the severity pattern on multicolor imaging (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.37, p = 0.027 and odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval = 0.128–0.342, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Reticular pattern seen on multicolor image while acquiring retinal images using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy may be related to tear film instability. Further modulations of the scanning laser ophthalmoscopy instrument will likely improve this indicator of dry eye syndrome.

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